The pluralis inapposite, sinceωμος applied to a band of revellers is a collective noun and, however many times the band accompanied Dionysus, it is still the sameωμος and not a plurality ofωμοι. Dobree's and Bothe's κμοις must face the same objection, unless it is understood as ‘songs’, in which case it becomes a feeble anticipation of οιδις in 40. Florens Christianus' κμοί is negligible. Porson suggested κμωι but left it unclear whether he interpreted Bακχίωι as adjective or noun. Bάκχιος is (...) used adjectivally not more than once or twice in over thirty Euripidean examples, and the satyrs cannot be said to have accompanied a Bacchicωμος, for theωμος was constituted of the satyrs themselves. And yet Bακχίωι interpreted as a noun would produce an intolerably unstylish collocation of independent datives. Unimpeachable sense and style, and a strong candidate for corruption, would be furnished byωμος. (shrink)

νδνουϲα μν Φυγι πολιτν ν Φκετο θόνα, ατ τε πάνταξυμΦέρουϲ' 'Iάϲονι. 12 πολιτν Π1 codd. et Σ bv: πολίταιϲ V3, sicut coni. Barnes θονοϲ Π1 gE; δ Stob. 4. 22. 30 The two Sophoclean passages by which Page supports his plea that 'πολιτν stands for πολίταιϲ…, being attracted by the following ν into the genitive case’ do not inspire much confidence, since both are capable of being explained differently. Further, as a recent writer has remarked, ‘on cherche en vain la (...) raison qui aurait pu inciter Euripide … à écrire πολιτν à la place de πολίταιϲ Le vers n' aurait rien gagné à cette substitution, sinon une obscurité inutile’. (shrink)

Barrett has given a brief account of the affiliations of Hn with the manuscripts which he has collated. He derives his information about the readings of Hn from the reports of nineteenth-century editors, and he does not report this manuscript in his apparatus criticus. He concludes that ‘In three instances Haun. has the truth, or an approximation to it, where the rest of our tradition is at fault … in each case the reading can be accounted for as a lucky (...) accident, and so I judge it in fact to be.’ Of the other four manuscripts, which editors have not collated, he gives no account. ‘From a number of readings cited by Turyn it appears that they are all more or less closely related to Haun.’ K. Matthiessen has voiced a mild regret that Barrett did not settle the question by collation. I have collated these five manuscripts from photographs or microfilms. (shrink)

This translation of καì ατɂυ υπŵυτα gives the sense we need. But the words mean something different: ‘and it too was dirty ’. Cf. VH 12.1 πευομέυη δέ ༐καì τρεøομέυη ὑπɂ πατρì καì ατŵι πέυητι . See LSJ ατóc 1.8, KG 1.653.

The Argive herald is dissuading the king from championing the cause of his petitioners. ‘It is either because they have detected some stupidity that they have come here to you, or because, being in a hopeless position, they are just chancing their arm to see whether or not . For I doubt if they expect that, in your right senses, you would, etc’ For the alleged impersonal use of editors can quote only two passages of Aeschylus, which I transcribe from (...) Page's text: Su. 527–8 , Ch. 378–9. (shrink)

When I refer to ‘modern editors’ I mean the following: S. G. Owen, who edited the Tristia thrice and produced a small commentary on the first book and a large one on the second ; C. Landi ; R. Ehwald-Fr. W. Levy ; A. L. Wheeler ; J. André ; Georg Luck, 1968–72, 1977 ).

When I refer to ‘modern editors’ I mean the following: S. G. Owen, who edited the Tristia thrice and produced a small commentary on the first book and a large one on the second ; C. Landi ; R. Ehwald-Fr. W. Levy ; A. L. Wheeler ; J. André ; Georg Luck, 1968–72, 1977 ).

This article discusses the text and interpretation of passages in Plutarch's Lives of Romulus, Agis and Cleomenes, Pericles, Brutus, Marcellus, Alexander and Marius.

I start at the end. Iolaus appeals to Demophon : ‘become their kinsman, friend, father, brother, master: all this is better than falling into the hands of the Argives.’ One should hope so. When Pearson comments ‘: i.e. submission to Demophon is better than subjection by the Argives. The remark is prompted by , the climax of the preceding appeal’, he is unconsciously repeating what had been said by Herwerden, R.Ph. N.S. xvii , 236: ‘manifestum est ad solum referri posse, (...) nam praegressa omnia sunt eiusmodi quae nemo non sibi exoptet.’ How they can even consider the possibility that may refer to one item only in a list of five I do not know. (shrink)

I start at the end. Iolaus appeals to Demophon : ‘become their kinsman, friend, father, brother, master: all this is better than falling into the hands of the Argives.’ One should hope so. When Pearson comments ‘: i.e. submission to Demophon is better than subjection by the Argives. The remark is prompted by, the climax of the preceding appeal’, he is unconsciously repeating what had been said by Herwerden, R.Ph. N.S. xvii, 236: ‘manifestum est ad solum referri posse, nam praegressa (...) omnia sunt eiusmodi quae nemo non sibi exoptet.’ How they can even consider the possibility that may refer to one item only in a list of five I do not know. (shrink)

It has been the fate of Corippus' Iohannis to survive in one manuscript, the fourteenth-century Trivultianus, and to find one competent editor. The first edition of the Iohannis was published in 1820 by P. Mazzucchelli. It contained a few notes, in content mainly geographical and ethnographical and useless for the interpretation of the text; it remains the only commentary in existence.

This couplet has escaped critical attention, even though it contains two anomalies. First the combination ut iam has lost its normal meaning ‘even granted that’ and must be split into its two elements and iam translated as though it were tandem. Second, the reflexive adjective is used in a dependent clause to refer to the subject of the main-clause verb: though there is no reason why Ovid should not have used this licence for metrical convenience.

This couplet has escaped critical attention, even though it contains two anomalies. First the combination ut iam has lost its normal meaning ‘even granted that’ and must be split into its two elements and iam translated as though it were tandem. Second, the reflexive adjective is used in a dependent clause to refer to the subject of the main-clause verb: though there is no reason why Ovid should not have used this licence for metrical convenience.

It has been the fate of Corippus' Iohannis to survive in one manuscript, the fourteenth-century Trivultianus, and to find one competent editor. The first edition of the Iohannis was published in 1820 by P. Mazzucchelli. It contained a few notes, in content mainly geographical and ethnographical and useless for the interpretation of the text; it remains the only commentary in existence.

Murray's edition of Medea made use of five manuscripts: BAVLP. Page added a sixth, the Jerusalem palimpsest, H. But Medea is preserved in six more manuscripts , which Murray and Page cite rarely or never. I investigate here the value and affiliations of these six and of a fragmentary seventh , which they do cite. The seven manuscripts are: O , late twelfth century2 C , fourteenth century; lacks 880–4, 1050 to the end3 D , fourteenth century4 E , early (...) fourteenth century; lacks 731–825, 1029–1133, 1339 to the end5 F , c. 1300? Only the hypothesis and lines 1–426. (shrink)

Murray's edition ofMedea(1902) made use of five manuscripts: BAVLP. Page (1938) added a sixth, the Jerusalem palimpsest, H. ButMedeais preserved in six more manuscripts (I do not count apographs), which Murray and Page cite rarely or never. I investigate here the value and affiliations of these six and of a fragmentary seventh (F), which they do cite. The seven manuscripts are:O (Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, 31. 10), late twelfth century2C (Vatican, Vaticano greco 910), fourteenth century; lacks 880–4, 1050 to the end3D (...) (Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, 31. 15), fourteenth century4E (Athos, Μον⋯ 'Ιβ⋯ρων 209, formerly 161), early fourteenth century; lacks 731–825, 1029–1133, 1339 to the end5F (Venice, Bibl. Nazionale Marciana, gr. 468), c. 1300? Only thehypothesisand lines 1–426. (shrink)

I cite manuscripts from my own collations. Information about most of these manuscripts, and explanation of the symbols by which I designate them, may be found in A. Turyn, The Byzantine Manuscript Tradition of the Tragedies of Euripides , K. Matthiessen, Studien zur Textüberlieferung der Euripideischen Hekabe , and D. J. Mastronarde and J. M. Bremer, The Textual Tradition of Euripides' Phoinissai . I shall discuss the affiliations and the relative value of these manuscripts on a later occasion. For the (...) present no knowledge of these matters is needed. I refer to modern editions by the names of their editors: Wecklein = N. Wecklein , Wecklein = N. Wecklein , Di Benedetto = V. Di Benedetto , Biehl = W. Biehl , Willink = C. W. Willink , West = M. L. West . Studies refers to my Studies on the Text of Euripides. (shrink)

Verg. Aen. 2.311–12 iam proximus ardet | Vcalegon. This striking phrase is twice echoed, as commentators observe. The burning neighbour Ucalegon reappears in Juv. 3.198–201 iam poscit aquam, iam friuola transfert | Vcalegon … | ultimus ardebit quem …. And the words proximus ardet reappear in Hor. Epist. 1.18.84 paries cum proximus ardet.