RESUMEN: Trata este trabajo de la actitud del presidente Barack Obama en relación con las rebeliones de la denominada Primavera Árabe, desvelando si los criterios de la guerra justa por él señalados y defendidos en sus discursos se compaginan con la real política bélica de Estados Unidos. Se insertan ambos planos en el escenario de las rebeliones acaecidas en tres países: Libia, Egipto y Túnez. La conclusión principal es que hay un largo, además de irregular, distanciamiento entre la teoría y (...) la práctica del presidente Obama, prevaleciendo los intereses de Estados Unidos por encima de la protección de los derechos humanos, que es uno de los vectores principales de su concepto de guerra justa.ABSTRACT: This work refers the attitude of the President Barack Obama concerning the rebellions of the so-called Arab Spring, revealing if the criteria of the just war defended in his speeches correspond to the real policy of the United States. Both planes are included in the scene of rebellions occurred in three countries: Libya, Egypt and Tunisia. The main conclusion is that there is a long, as well as irregular, distance between theory and practice of president Obama, prevailing the interests of United States respect to the protection of human rights, which is one of the main vectors of their concept of just war.PALABRAS CLAVE: primavera árabe, guerra justa, rebeliones árabes, Obama y política exterior, Obama y filosofía bélica.KEYWORDS: Arab spring, just war, Arab revolts, Obama and foreign policy, Obama and war philosophy. (shrink)

El tratamiento dispensado al hecho religioso en nuestro país y en general en las sociedades avanzadas es discriminatorio respecto a otros colectivos y grupos sociales. Discriminatorio en una dimensión interna y externa. Internamente, porque no todos los grupos religiosos reciben el mismo trato jurídico. Externamente, porque otros grupos sociales distintos a los religiosos, que buscan otros fines, no reciben el mismo trato que los grupos religiosos, sino más desfavorable. Junto a una primera discriminación en el ámbito extraeclesial -el de las (...) confesiones religiosas en su relación con las demás asociaciones del país-, hay otros dos supuestos en el ámbito intraeclesial -el de las relaciones de los grupos religiosos entre sí-, el contraste de las opciones fideístas y las no fideístas críticas y el de las confesiones religiosas mayoritarias y minoritarias. En uno y otro caso, interna y externamente, el hecho religioso se convierte en un criterio de discriminación, sin que en mi opinión existan razones objetivas suficientes. (shrink)

E l auto r de f iend e un a democraci a a r mónica , qu e n o e s u n model o nu ev o d e democracia sin o l a relació n equilibrad a d e la s do s modalidade s clásica s d e democracia , l a representat iv a y l a directa , a la s qu e s e añadirí a l a democraci a pa r ticipat iv (...) a prom o vid a po r lo s ciudadanos, ind i vidualment e o e n gr upo , a l ma r ge n d e lo s pa r tido s políticos . L a resultant e serí a un nu evo marc o polític o co n meno s democraci a representat iva (l a d e lo s pa r tido s político s y lo s representante s electos) , q u e actualment e e s l a democraci a e xclus iva y e xclu y ent e en la s sociedade s política s a v anzadas , má s democraci a direct a (l a d e lo s ciudadano s qu e sin inte r mediario s v otaría n política s y n o sól o a su s representantes ) y u n nu evo espaci o polític o ocupad o po r lo s ciudadanos-actore s político s si n militanci a pa r tidista . E n cad a uno d e esto s tre s modelo s democrático s s e analiz a l a de f inició n de l modelo , e l escenari o que actualment e atr a vies a y la s propuesta s concreta s d e cambio. (shrink)

BackgroundResearch during 2020 has been rapidly attending to the impact of COVID-19 on various dimensions of wellbeing on adults and children around the world. However, less attention has focused on the psychoeducational impact on children and their families. To our knowledge, no currently available studies have looked specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on students with dyslexia and their families. Research on this topic is needed to offer greater support for this population of students and their families.ObjectiveThe main objective of (...) this paper is to examine the psychoeducational impact of the required COVID-19 quarantine in Spain among children with dyslexia and their families.MethodA sample of 32 children with dyslexia and their mothers participated in this study.MeasuresChildren and adolescents with dyslexia and their mother completed several measures before the required national quarantine in Spain and again during the quarantine. Children completed measures of depression, state anxiety, reading activity, and reading motivation. Mothers provided demographic information and completed measures related to students’ emotional and behavioral difficulties as well as parenting stress, parental distress, and a questionnaire about educational problems during quarantine.ResultsMajor findings showed that during quarantine, children with dyslexia had increased levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, and parents perceived their children as having more emotional symptoms, hyperactivity-inattention, and conduct problems. During quarantine, children and adolescents with dyslexia also showed less reading activity and less reading motivation. Parents also reported significantly more stress, during quarantine compared to pre-quarantine conditions. Some demographic and psychological variables predicted children’s state anxiety as well parental stress. The questionnaire related to impacts of quarantine also revealed several important findings. For example, nearly all parents of children with dyslexia reported difficulties in establishing study routines, that the quarantine negatively affected their child’s learning, and that they did not receive sufficient help from teachers on how to support their child’s learning. Additionally, the vast majority of the parents were very worried about the child’s learning and school success, the child’s motivation and interest in reading, the child’s peer relations, and the professional skills of the child’s teacher.ConclusionThis study offers a preliminary investigation into this topic and elucidates several psychoeducational challenges that children with dyslexia and their families have experienced during the quarantine in Spain. Study findings highlight the need to provide immediate support for children with dyslexia and emphasizes the importance of developing prevention programs to mitigate any future negative impacts of COVID-19 on children with dyslexia and their parents. (shrink)

La corrupción política presenta diversas definiciones en la doctrina según se enmarque en términos legales estrictamente o abarque a supuestos de moral pública. De ahí deriva también la mayor o menor extensión del abanico de tipos de corrupción política y sus causas. Objetivo central del artículo es señalar y explicar los remedios para la aminoración de la corrupción política: la independencia y autonomía de los poderes públicos, la conciencia y práctica de la moral pública ciudadana, la asunción de responsabilidades políticas, (...) la institucionalización de la moral pública por medio de la creación de órganos de supervisión y control en las instituciones públicas y los partidos y la limitación de la discrecionalidad administrativa. (shrink)

This paper examines the presentsupply of milk to the urban inhabitant ofMexico City, paying particular attention tocurrent themes of market liberalization,sustainable development, and democratization.This is facilitated by an infrastructure withinand without the metropolitan zone and coexistswith a large importation of milk from theinternational market, much being sold at lowprices to low income groups. Reduced statequality regulation has enabled the use of theseimports in industrialized milk products. Giventhe integration of international and nationalsources in milk supply, simply increasingMexican production will not reduce (...) imports, andthe NAFTA trade pact is unlikely to address theresource exploitation problems faced bynational production. (shrink)

Following Post program, we will propose a linguistic and empirical interpretation of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem and related ones on unsolvability by Church and Turing. All these theorems use the diagonal argument by Cantor in order to find limitations in finitary systems, as human language, which can make “infinite use of finite means”. The linguistic version of the incompleteness theorem says that every Turing complete language is Gödel incomplete. We conclude that the incompleteness and unsolvability theorems find limitations in our finitary (...) tool, which is our complete language. (shrink)

En este artículo trato de desarrollar la particular visión que posee Sen acerca del multiculturalismo y la importancia que otorga a la necesidad de lograr un ade-cuado entendimiento en las relaciones interpersonales con independencia de la cultura propia o ajena.Asimismo,me centro en exponer la relación que se da en Sen entre la cuestión identitaria y la idea de justicia la cual quedará plasmada fundamentalmente con la visión smithiana del espectador imparcial y la huida clara del yo provinciano y encorsetado, para (...) abrazar así un proceso de razonamiento ético y decididamente abierto que le dará la llave para alcanzar unos arreglos sociales más justos, a nivel local y global dado el carácter supranacional de los principales problemas a los que hoy nos enfrentamos, sobre todo de violencia y pobreza extrema.Esteartículo tiene dos objetivos profundizar en el pensamiento social de Amartya Sen ofrecer un análisis sobre posiciones intelectuales que otorgan al concepto de identidad un sentido plural y no restrictivo como base de encuentro para alcanzar un orden social más equitativo. (shrink)

v. 1. Doctrina pueril. Libre de l'ordre de cavalleria. Libre de clerecia. Art de confessió -- v. 2, <4-6 >. Libre de contemplació en Deu .

Este trabajo analiza la posición de la educación y el Estado en la filosofía práctica de Immanuel Kant, paraquien la educación se establece como la tarea esencial de la humanidad, no en vano señaló que, “el hombre puedeconsiderar cómo los descubrimientos más difíciles, el arte del gobierno y el arte de la educación”, que es con lacual inicia el proceso por el cual el ser humano se hace humano a saber; el de la civilización y la cultura, elementosintrínsecos en la (...) esfera de la educación que es la base del desarrollo de las personas en particular, y de la humanidaden general, por lo cual las tesis sobre educación en el texto de la pedagogía deben ser revisadas, sugiriendo que elproyecto educativo cosmopolita es la mejor vía para propiciar una educación que tienda al bien universal.Sin embargo, para que la propuesta kantiana sea impulsada desde las instituciones educativas, se requierereplantear la tarea y función no solo de los padres, sino también del Estado en la esfera educativa y orientarla segúnlos parámetros del cosmopolitismo, una filosofía que se ofrece como un deber ineludible y como una necesidadsocial generalizada. La definición de educación cosmopolita se presenta como un método de crecimiento humano que posibilita la identificación de seres con personalidad moral y jurídica en cada uno de nosotros. (shrink)

v. 1. Obras literarias.--v. 2. Obras misticas.

v. 1. Opera Latina B. M. Raimundi Lulli. Studia magistrorum et professorum Maioricensis Scholae Lullisticae.

Por que la vida?, para que nuestra vida? A esta necesidad de interrogarnos y respondernos sobre el modo de ser para encontrarle sentido a la vida responde la parte mas antigua y esencial de la filosofia: la metafisica, que es el fundamento de nuestro comportamiento, de nuestra vida etica. Reconociendo otros aspectos filosoficos estrechamente vinculados con ella: el metodo, la teoria del conocimiento, la moral, Xirau propone entender la filosofia como una cuestion que trasciende la vida misma: convivir con el (...) pensamiento de los tiempos pasados, pues siempre los hombres se han planteado esas preguntas, tal como lo hacen cada uno de los filosofos que se explican en esta obra a traves de su presentacion historica en tres periodos: grecorromano, cristiano-medieval y renacentista-moderno. (shrink)

El motivo central de la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Francfort fue el concepto de dialéctica de la Ilustración. Pero la amenaza de un mundo completamente administrado por el impulso de una racionalidad formal se vuelve asimismo hacia las instancias críticas: ¿dónde puede hallarse el criterio independiente capaz de desvelar, por contraste, la mecánica del avasallamiento total de la modernización? La Teoría Crítica lo buscó a la vez en el espíritu moral de una Ilustración humanista y en el horizonte (...) del movimiento comunista internacional liderado por la URSS. Esta balance se truncó trágicamente ante la evidencia de la "perversión soviética del contenido humano del socialismo revolucionario". La extrema ambigüedad que esta situación produjo en la lógica del pensamiento de la Teoría Crítica, extiende sus consecuencias hasta un presente que asiste a la exclusión forzada de todo proyecto fehacientemente revolucionario del panorama político occidental. (shrink)

El motivo central de la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Francfort fue el concepto de dialéctica de la Ilustración. Pero la amenaza de un mundo completamente administrado por el impulso de una racionalidad formal se vuelve asimismo hacia las instancias críticas: ¿dónde puede hallarse el criterio independiente capaz de desvelar, por contraste, la mecánica del avasallamiento total de la modernización? La Teoría Crítica lo buscó a la vez en el espíritu moral de una Ilustración humanista y en el horizonte (...) del movimiento comunista internacional liderado por la URSS. Esta balance se truncó trágicamente ante la evidencia de la perversión soviética del contenido humano del socialismo revolucionario. La extrema ambigüedad que esta situación produjo en la lógica del pensamiento de la Teoría Crítica, extiende sus consecuencias hasta un presente que asiste a la exclusión forzada de todo proyecto fehacientemente revolucionario del panorama político occidental. (shrink)

The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic connection (...) among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors. (shrink)

El motivo central de la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Francfort fue el concepto de dialéctica de la Ilustración. Pero la amenaza de un mundo completamente administrado por el impulso de una racionalidad formal se vuelve asimismo hacia las instancias críticas: ¿dónde puede hallarse el criterio independiente capaz de desvelar, por contraste, la mecánica del avasallamiento total de la modernización? La Teoría Crítica lo buscó a la vez en el espíritu moral de una Ilustración humanista y en el horizonte (...) del movimiento comunista internacional liderado por la URSS. Esta balance se truncó trágicamente ante la evidencia de la perversión soviética del contenido humano del socialismo revolucionario. La extrema ambigüedad que esta situación produjo en la lógica del pensamiento de la Teoría Crítica, extiende sus consecuencias hasta un presente que asiste a la exclusión forzada de todo proyecto fehacientemente revolucionario del panorama político occidental. (shrink)

The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic connection (...) among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors. (shrink)

Online gambling companies claim that they are ethical providers. They seem committed to corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that are aimed at preventing or minimising the harm associated with their activities. Our empirical research employed a sample of 209 university student online gamblers, who took part in an online survey. Our findings suggest that the extent of online problem gambling is substantial and that it adversely impacts on the gambler's mental and physical health, social relationships and academic performance. Online problem (...) gambling seems to be related to the time spent on the Internet and gambling online, parental/peer gambling and binge drinking. As our findings show that there are harmful repercussions associated with online gambling, we argue that companies in this controversial sector cannot reach the higher level of CSR achieved by other industries. Nevertheless, they can gain legitimacy on the basis of their CSR engagement at a transactional level, and so, by meeting their legal and ethical commitments and behaving with transparency and fairness, the integrity of the company can be ensured. We also argue that current failures in the implementation and control of CSR policies, the reliance on revenue from problem gamblers' losses, and controversial marketing activities appear to constitute the main obstacles in the prevention or minimisation of harm related to online gambling. As online gambling companies must be responsible for the harm related to their activities, we suggest that CSR policies should be fully implemented, monitored and clearly reported; all forms of advertising should be reduced substantially; and unfair or misleading promotional techniques should be banned. The industry should not rely on revenue from problem gamblers, nor should their behaviour be reinforced by marketing activities (i.e. rewards). We realise, however, that it is unrealistic to expect the online gambling industry to prioritise harm prevention over revenue maximisation. Policy makers and regulators, therefore, would need to become involved if the actions suggested above are to be undertaken. CSR is paramount to minimise harm and provide a healthier user experience in this business sector, but it also poses marketing dilemmas. We support a global collaborative approach for the online gambling industry, as harm related to gambling is a public health issue. (shrink)

The 'Vita coaetanea (A Contemporary Life)' is an autobiographical account of Ramon Llull's life dictated by himself to a friend in 1311 when he was seventy-nine years old. In it Llull reviews his works in the context of a life dedicated to God and motivated by the desire to disseminate the message of the Christian faith among the infidels. Llull, the self-labeled 'troubadour of books', wrote this account in part as a self-justification of his life and work, in part as (...) self-consolation for his unending toils and travails. It is very likely that he also had in mind the Council of Vienne (1311) which he was about to attend and where he submitted petitions dealing with 'the establishment of adequate places to study languages for the preaching of the Gospel to every creature and the founding of a Christian military religious order that waged permanent war against the Saracens until the Holy Land is reconquered'. Llull wanted to frame these petitions within a well thought-out justificatory account of his life and works that exudes passion, commitment and love for his fellow man. (shrink)

The concept “generation of the 98” has been certainly an invention of literary classification, but it has some difficulties in its application. It is urgent to rethink this concept to fit it to the historical reality of the 98, to enrich it with other contemporary contributions. This paper wants to elaborate a complete concept of that year (1898), that could include the collected papers in this Anuario Filosófico.

Text prednáöky, pôvodne pripravenej pre medzinárodnú konferenciu Hispanizmus ako interkultúrny dialóg, Bratislava 199. preloûila Martina Sentálová. / Traducción de “Hispanismo filosófico. Problemas de su constitución,” en: El reto europeo: identidades culturales en el cambio de siglo. . I Jornadas de Hispanismo Filosófico [1992], Jose Luis Abellán (ed), Madrid: Editorial Trotta; Asociación de Hispanismo Filosófico, 1994, págs. 133-142.

Several studies on research misconduct have already explored and discussed its potential occurrence in universities across different countries. However, little is known about this issue in Spain, a paradigmatic context due to its consolidated scientific evaluation system, which relies heavily on metrics. The present article attempts to fill this gap in the literature through an empirical study undertaken in a specific university: Universitat Jaume I (Castelló). The study was based on a survey with closed and open questions; almost half the (...) total population of the university’s researchers participated (505 out of 1030, i.e. 49.03%), yielding a representative sample of different academic career stages and areas of knowledge. Results show that 71.68% (n = 362) of the respondents consider at least one form of misconduct to be proliferating in their area of knowledge at the national level. This figure falls to 48.95% (n = 247) in reference to misconduct in their own institution. The most frequently reported types of misconduct linked to life with colleagues are especially the use of personal influence (in evaluation or review processes); lax supervision of doctoral theses; and the abuse of power over people in lower positions. Personal ambitions and pressure from the evaluation system are regarded as the most influential causes of misconduct proliferation, according to academics at this Spanish university. (shrink)

Increased concern for the environment has increased the number of investment opportunities in mutual funds specialized in promoting responsible environmental attitudes. This article examines the performance and risk sensitivities of US green mutual funds vis-à-vis their conventional peers. We also analyze and compare this performance relative to other socially responsible investing (SRI) mutual funds. In order to implement this analysis, we apply a CAPM-based methodology and find that in the 1987–2009 period, environ- mental funds had lower performance than conventional funds (...) with similar characteristics. However, if we focus on a more recent period (2001–2009), green funds achieved adjusted returns not significantly different from the rest of SRI and conventional mutual funds. (shrink)

Contribuição da sociologia para a compreensão do dierito.-- Dierito e estado na filosofia de Sócrates.-- Psicanálise.

Hong Kong’s non-white ethnic minorities – including its Filipina residents – are often described in media and policy discourses as a unified group. Speaking back to this misconception, in this article we describe the gendered experiences of two 23-year old Filipinas born and raised in Hong Kong through what Claudia Mitchell has described as girl method – research with girls for girls and about girls’ concerns – in our case producing visual depictions of girlhood in cellphilms and collaborative writing. We (...) write together as co-researchers to extend participatory approaches to research dissemination as we make sense of the changing political situation in Hong Kong in the years since our first collaboration in 2015. Through a polyvocal – many voices writing together – reflection on a cellphilm production project on identities and belonging four years later, we argue that Filipina identity in Hong Kong is complex and multifarious, and we aim to disseminate knowledge by and for Filipina Hong Kongers that speaks back to the erasure of their experiences within larger discourses about Filipinas, gender, and activism in Hong Kong. (shrink)

This collection of articles provides an overview of current generative theorizing and empirical work on the nature, origin and scope of parameters of linguistic variation. Often taking diverging views, the papers in the volume address some or all of the main debated topics in parametric syntax.