Temas aristotélicos en La determinación autoperceptiva de la Nada, de Nishida Kitarô Resumen: El texto que ahora presento es un examen del diálogo continuado de Nishida con Aristóteles según lo podemos ver en el volumen VI de las Obras completas de Nishida Kitarô. El resultado nos permite ver la especial atención que en 1932 Nishida presta a cinco temas básicos que se desarrollan en 16 puntos de la siguiente manera: la expresión, la autopercepción, la base del conocimiento, los universales y (...) dos importantes aspectos de la intuición. En este sentido, los contenidos del diálogo nishidiano con Aristóteles en el volumen VI de las Obras completas de Nishida Kitarô, nos remiten al tema del conocimiento. Palabras clave: Aristóteles. Nishida. Diálogo. Autopercepción. Conocimiento. Universal. Some aspects of Nishida’s dialogue with Aristotle: My present text is a study of the continuous dialogue of Nishida with Aristotle as can be seen in volume VI of his Complete Works. As a result, we can see the special attention that in 1932 Nishida gave to five basic themes. I have presented their content under sixteen headings as follows, expression, self-perception, the basis of knowledge, universals, and two important aspects of intuition.As a result, we can see that the contents of Nishida’s dialogue with Aristotle in volume VI of his Complete Works, primarily touches on the theme of knowledge. Keywords: Aristotle. Nishida. Dialogue. Self perception. Knowledge. Universal. Temas aristotélicos em A determinação autoperceptiva do nada, de Nishida Kitarô Resumo: O texto que apresento agora é um exame do diálogo contínuo de Nishida com Aristóteles, como podemos ver no Volume VI das Obras Completas de Nishida Kitarô. O resultado nos permite ver a atenção especial que em 1932 Nishida presta a cinco temas básicos que são desenvolvidos em 16 pontos da seguinte forma: expressão, autopercepção, base de conhecimento. -11), os universais e dois aspectos importantes da intuição. Nesse sentido, o conteúdo do diálogo nishidiano com Aristóteles, no volume VI das obras completas de Nishida Kitarô, remete-nos à questão do conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Aristótles. Nishida. Diálogo. Autopercepção. Conhecimento.Universal. Data de registro: 29/07/2020 Data de aceito: 21/10/2020. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of the manner Nishida Kitarô, in the process of construction of his own philosophy of religion, enters into dialogue with Leibniz's thought concerning Pre-established Harmony. Although the philosophy of religion is an important theme and Nishida goes back to Leibniz at some points in his textual career, there are relatively few studies that touch on the relationship between these two thinkers. I study Nishida's approach under three headings. The first section concerns ten main aspects (...) of the world of pre-established harmony. The second tries to show the manner in which such a world becomes a guide towards a philosophy of religion, placing the emphasis on three characteristically Christian aspects: a created, fallen, and Trinitarian world. The third section includes some elements such as the entrance into religion, metanoia, satori and a comparison between Christian agape and Buddhist maha-kruna. These are themes on which Nishida elaborates in his 1945 masterpiece, The Logic of Basho and a Religious Worldview. RESUMO Este trabalho é uma análise da forma pela qual Nishida Kitarô, no processo de construção de sua própria filosofia da religião, entra em diálogo com o pensamento de Leibniz relativo à Harmonia Pré-Estabelecida. Embora a filosofia da religião seja um tema importante, e Nishida retome Leibniz em alguns pontos em sua carreira textual, existem relativamente poucos estudos que abordem a relação entre esses dois pensadores. Estudo a abordagem de Nishida sob três categorias. A primeira seção refere-se a dez principais aspectos do mundo de harmonia preestabelecida. A segunda busca demonstrar o modo pelo qual esse mundo se torna um guia para uma filosofia da religião, colocando a ênfase em três aspectos caracteristicamente cristãos: um mundo criado, caído e trinitário. A terceira seção inclui alguns elementos, tais como a entrada na religião, a metanoia, o satori e uma comparação entre o Ágape cristão e o Maha-Kruna budista. Estes são temas sobre os quais Nishida elabora em sua obra-prima de 1945, A Lógica de Basho e uma Visão Religiosa do Mundo. (shrink)

Nishida Kitarô -- Tanabe Hajime -- Kuki Shûzô -- Watsuji Tetsurô -- Miki Kiyoshi -- Tosaka Jun -- Nishitani Keiji.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Sourcebook for Modern Japanese Philosophy: Selected DocumentsSteven HeineSourcebook for Modern Japanese Philosophy: Selected Documents. Translated and edited by David A. Dilworth and Valdo H. Viglielmo, with Agustin Jacinto Zavala. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998. Pp. xx + 420.Sourcebook for Modern Japanese Philosophy: Selected Documents, translated and edited by David H. Dilworth and Valdo H. Viglielmo, with Agustin Jacinto Zavala, is a new translation of (...) twentieth-century Japanese philosophers and is the second book in a series on Resources in Asian Philosophy and Religion that had been devised and edited by the late Charles Wei-hsun Fu (the first book was Stuart D. B. Picken's Essentials of Shinto: An Analytical Guide to Principal Teachings [Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994]). Here, a team of translators who are all very well known for their expert work in the field provide a series of selections from seven philosophers, each of whom is associated with the Kyoto School approach to comparative philosophical analysis.The seven thinkers include: (1) Nishida Kitarō, the founder of the Kyoto School, which is based on a synthesis of Western thought, particularly German Idealism, and the Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy of emptiness or universal nothingness (Nishida remains by far the most important representative of the school, and he has had numerous works translated into English, often by Dilworth and/or Viglielmo); (2) Tanabe Hajime, Nishida's first and foremost disciple, who approached the notion of absolute nothingness from the standpoint of Pure Land Buddhist other-power and repentance; (3) Kuki Shūzō, who was known for his travels to Europe and his work on aesthetics and contingency; (4) Watsuji Tetsurō, who pioneered the field of cultural anthropological history in Japan; (5) Miki Kiyoshi, who criticized Nishida in light of Pascal and Kierkegaard as well as Hegelian dialectics; (6) Tosaka Jun, a sharp Marxist critic of Nishida, who during the 1930s attacked the apparent accommodations of his colleagues with the Imperialist authorities; and (7) Nishitani Keiji, who developed the Zen perspective implicit in Nishida's philosophy by emphasizing the religious-conversion experience that emerges from a contemplative awareness of the universality of absolute nothingness.The translators provide a substantial introductory essay discussing the biographical and conceptual issues in the development of the life and thought of each philosopher. This section is very useful, and generally goes into more depth and detail than other materials available in English. The translations themselves, which cover a wide variety of styles and methods of argumentation, are clear and readable, though at times a bit imprecise and inconsistent. A main issue involved in evaluating the book has to do with the selection of thinkers and passages translated. Unfortunately, there are no philosophers represented here who are not in the circle of the Kyoto School. There is no question of the dominance of Nishida and his followers (and critics) in the realm of Japanese philosophy, but other voices reflecting the positions of Marxism, phenomenology, logic, structuralism, and postmodernism could have had some representation. One problem is that the reader is given very little indication of current trends (since the writings of Nishitani, the last philosopher [End Page 311] on this list, are already several decades old). And there is certainly nothing in this volume to point to future concerns and tendencies in Japanese philosophy.On the other hand, given the book's content, a positive feature is that the translators have fulfilled an important goal of choosing selections that have not previously appeared in English but which are nevertheless representative and crucial for understanding the overall significance of each thinker's approach. Therefore, Sourcebook for Modern Japanese Philosophy will serve as a beneficial supplement or complement to existing sources. It is a handy compendium that puts readers in touch with the full variety of Kyoto School philosophers, including those who vary from and argue with Nishida.By the late 1990s, it had become impossible to discuss Nishida and the Kyoto School without dealing at least in part with the question of political implications: to what extent, if any, were these thinkers involved in supporting and promulgating the doctrine of the imperial order, which sought hegemony throughout Asia. The key figures, especially Nishida, Tanabe... (shrink)

Ésta es una contribución al debate originado por Guillermo Hurtado y proseguido por Manuel García-Carpintero y Horacio Luján Martínez, con relación al sentido y a los objetivos de la filosofía analítica, especialmente en Iberoamérica. En ella se defiende que las tesis de Hurtado también se pueden aplicar al cultivo de filosofías no analíticas, pues en realidad conciernen a la filosofía profesional que se practica dentro y fuera de Iberoamérica. Se sostiene, además, que si bien la profesionalización y la masificación de (...) la filosofía son fenómenos en sí mismos positivos, tienen consecuencias colaterales negativas respecto de la calidad de la filosofía que se produce. También se aduce que el que una propuesta filosófica no tenga una inmediata relevancia existencial o política no la hace menos importante, siempre que en algún sentido amplíe las fronteras del conocimiento. This is a commentary on a debate originated by Guillermo Hurtado and followed up by Manuel García-Carpintero and Horacio Luján Martínez, in regards to the meaning and objectives of analytic philosophy, especially in Latin America. This paper holds that Hurtado's theses are also true about non analytic philosophy, since they are about professional philosophy, as practiced both inside and outside Latin America. Professionalization and popularization of philosophy, while positive phenomena in themselves, have negative collateral consequences on the quality of philosophy produced in the present moment. it is also held that the fact that a given philosophical proposal has no immediate existential or political relevance doesn't make it less important, as long as in some sense it widens the frontiers of knowledge. (shrink)

Introduction: The many faces of human nature / Agustín Fuentes and Aku Visala Chapter 1. Off human nature / Jonathan Marks. Response I. On your marks... get set, we’re off human nature / James M. Calcagno ; Response II. Rethinking human nature : comments on Jonathan Marks’s anti-essentialism / Phillip R. Sloan ; Response III. Off human nature and on human culture : the importance of the concept of culture to science and society / Robert Sussman and Linda Sussman (...) Chapter 2. "To human" is a verb / Tim Ingold. Response I. Free and easy wandering : humans, humane education, and designing in harmony with the nature of the way / Susan D. Blum ; Response II. On human natures : anthropological and Jewish musings / Richard Sosis ; Response III. The humanifying adventure : a response to Tim Ingold / Markus Mühling ; Response IV. The ontogenesis of human moral becoming / Darcia Narvaez Chapter 3. Recognizing the complexity of personhood : complex emergent developmental linguistic relational neurophysiologicalism / Warren Brown and Brad D. Strawn. Response I. "Self-organizing personhood" and many loose ends / Lluis Oviedo ; Response II. A last hurrah for dualism? / Kelly James Clark ; Response III. Why the foundational question about human nature is open and empirical / Carl Gillett Chapter 4. Human origins and the emergence of a distinctively human imagination : theology and the archaeology of personhood / J. Wentzel van Huyssteen. Response I. Constructing the face, creating the collective : Neolithic mediation of personhood / Ian Kuijt ; Response II. Imago Dei and the glabrous ape / Douglas Hedley Chapter 5. What is human nature for? / Grant Ramsey. Response I. The difficulties of forsaking normativity / Neil Arner ; Response II. Some remarks on human nature and naturalism / Aku Visala Epilogues. Putting evolutionary theory to work in investigating human nature / Agustín Fuentes ; Moving us forward? / Celia Deane-Drummond. (shrink)

The paper argues for a decompositionalist account of lexical concepts. In particular, it presents and argues for a cluster decompositionalism, a view that claims that the complexes a token of a word corresponds to on a given occasion are typically built out of a determinate set of basic concepts, most of which are present on most other occasions of use of the word. The first part of the paper discusses some explanatory virtues of decompositionalism in general. The second singles out (...) cluster decompositionalism as the best explanation of the variability of meaning. The third part is devoted to responding to some problems. (shrink)

In contrast to industrial markets based on mass-production of material goods, postindustrial markets hinge on images, experiences, and emotions produced and exchanged on screens and in real life. Because postindustrial markets tend to be highly concentrated and technology-driven, they pose a threat to small businesses and low-skill workers in both advanced industrial economies and the Global South, where a large share of the population makes a living in the informal economy. Using the 2014 World Cup as a case of postindustrial (...) economic activity hinged on spectacle, emotional experience, and intellectual property, I analyze the income-making strategies used by street vendors in São Paulo, Brazil. I show that organizers’ control of fan markets was limited by local conceptions of ownership over national symbols as well as informal workers’ flexible relation to legal norms and enforcement-dodging practices. Circumventing market barriers required risky and sophisticated strategies, however, which were more readily available to the more marginal section of the street vending population. (shrink)

General-elimination harmony articulates Gentzen’s idea that the elimination-rules are justified if they infer from an assertion no more than can already be inferred from the grounds for making it. Dummett described the rules as not only harmonious but stable if the E-rules allow one to infer no more and no less than the I-rules justify. Pfenning and Davies call the rules locally complete if the E-rules are strong enough to allow one to infer the original judgement. A method is given (...) of generating harmonious general-elimination rules from a collection of I-rules. We show that the general-elimination rules satisfy Pfenning and Davies’ test for local completeness, but question whether that is enough to show that they are stable. Alternative conditions for stability are considered, including equivalence between the introduction- and elimination-meanings of a connective, and recovery of the grounds for assertion, finally generalizing the notion of local completeness to capture Dummett’s notion of stability satisfactorily. We show that the general-elimination rules meet the last of these conditions, and so are indeed not only harmonious but also stable. (shrink)

We call affective brainocentrism the tendency to privilege the brain over other parts of the organism when defining or explaining emotions. We distinguish two versions of this tendency. According to brain-sufficient, emotional states are entirely realized by brain processes. According to brain-master, emotional states are realized by both brain and bodily processes, but the latter are entirely driven by the brain: the brain is the master regulator of bodily processes. We argue that both these claims are problematic, and we draw (...) on physiological accounts of stress to make our main case. These accounts illustrate the existence of complex interactions between the brain and endocrine systems, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, and even gut microbiota. We argue that, because of these complex brain–body interactions, the brain cannot be isolated and identified as the basis of stress. We also mention recent evidence suggesting that complex brain–body interactions characterize the physiology of depression and anxiety. Finally, we call for an alternative dynamical, systemic, and embodied approach to the study of the physiology of emotions that does not privilege the brain, but rather aims at understanding how mutually regulating brain and bodily processes jointly realize a variety of emotional states. (shrink)

In a series of papers, 137–158; 1994, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 23, 61–74, 1999) Fine develops his hylomorphic theory of embodiments. In this article, we supply a formal semantics for this theory that is adequate to the principles laid down for it in. In Section 1, we lay out the theory of embodiments as Fine presents it. In Section 2, we argue on Cantorian grounds that the theory needs to be stabilized, and sketch some ways forward, discussing various choice points (...) in modeling the view. In Section 3, we develop a formal semantics for the theory of embodiments by constructing embodiments in stages and restricting the domain of the second-order quantifiers. In Section 4 we give a few illustrative examples to show how the models deliver Finean hylomorphic consequences. In Section 5, we prove that Fine’s principles are sound with respect to this semantics. In Section 6 we present some inexpressibility results concerning Fine’s various notions of parthood and show that in our formal semantics these notions are all expressible using a single mereological primitive. In Section 7, we prove several mereological results stemming from the model theory, showing that the mereology is surprisingly robust. In Section 8, we draw some philosophical lessons from the formal semantics, and in particular respond to Koslicki’s main objection to Fine’s theory. In the appendix we present proofs of the inexpressibility results of Section 6. (shrink)

In order to predict and explain behavior, one cannot specify the mental state of an agent merely by saying what information she possesses. Instead one must specify what information is available to an agent relative to various purposes. Specifying mental states in this way allows us to accommodate cases of imperfect recall, cognitive accomplishments involved in logical deduction, the mental states of confused or fragmented subjects, and the difference between propositional knowledge and know-how .

Cet article s’interroge sur la manifestation artistique d’un motif concret y suscitant une inquiétude radicale: les faces sans visage. En étudiant les conditions plastiques et ontologiques constituantes de certaines oeuvres, en particulier de Malévitch et Brancusi, où l’on s’interroge sur les limiter de l’idée occidentale de subjectivité, on prendra en compte les influences d’auteurs comme Pic de la Mirandolle, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty ou, entre autres, Paul Ricoeur.

En suivant la notion fondamentale d’« instauration » dans ses diverses ramifications (artistique, ontologique, esthétique), cela jusqu’aux derniers textes de Souriau, on comprend que celle-ci est encore très pertinente pour les recherches actuelles, et qu’elle peut trouver à se prolonger, notamment dans une poétique et une théorie de l’action.

L'" inconscient de l'œuvre ", le " signe pictural ", la " chair de l'œuvre" : autant de formules qui font désormais partie du vocabulaire esthétique.C'est que la psychanalyse, la sémiotique et la phénoménologie, nées presque simultanément, auront profondément marqué le XXe siècle et radicalement transformé les approches de l'esthétique, de la critique et de l'histoire de l'art, au point qu'il est aujourd'hui difficile de mener un propos théorique dans le domaine des arts sans s'y référer. Nul doute que ces (...) disciplines apportent des éclairages fondamentaux, même si elles ont davantage traversé l'esthétique que renouvelé ses questionnements. Revisiter ces théories en partant de l'esthétique, confronter leurs principaux enjeux respectifs, comprendre leur incidence théorique et en faire la critique du point de vue de l'esthétique, tel est le programme de cet ouvrage. (shrink)

Regard oblique Les essais réunis dans ce volume ambitionnent de rapporter aux théories philosophiques (principalement la phénoménologie) et aux avancées des sciences cognitives des oeuvres d'artistes tels que Marcel Duchamp, Giulio Paolini, Pep Agut, Thierry Kuntzel, Michael Snow, Peter Campus, Claire Savoie, James Coleman, Angela Detanico et Rafael Lain, James Turrell, Antony McCall, Joâo Fiadeiro et Juliao Sarmento, dont le principal projet aura été d'explorer les problématiques de la perception qui n'est pas seulement une relation sensorielle ou sensitive à ce (...) qui nous entoure, mais avant tout une forme et une manière d'être au monde, une manière d'être pour autrui et avec autrui. L'analyse de ces oeuvres indique bien que le dualisme n'est pas viable le sensible et l'intelligible ne peuvent ici être scindés et que les formes très singulières des oeuvres d'art ont pour propriété de présenter la perception en tant que telle, avec pour visée de nous reconduire continuellement au monde et, partant, à des questions pratico-morales et socio-politiques. (shrink)

Is logic normative for belief? A standard approach to answering this question has been to investigate bridge principles relating claims of logical consequence to norms for belief. Although the question is naturally an epistemic one, bridge principles have typically been investigated in isolation from epistemic debates over the correct norms for belief. In this paper we tackle the question of whether logic is normative for belief by proposing a Kripkean model theory accounting for the interaction between logical, doxastic, epistemic and (...) deontic notions and using this model theory to show which bridge principles are implied by epistemic norms that we have independent reason to accept, for example, theknowledge normand thetruth norm. We propose a preliminary theory of the interaction between logical, doxastic, epistemic and deontic notions that has among its commitments bridge principles expressing how logic is normative for belief. We also show how our framework suggests that logic is exceptionally normative. (shrink)

Serious actualism is the prima facie plausible thesis that things couldn’t have been related while being nothing. The thesis plays an important role in a number of arguments in metaphysics, e.g., in Plantinga’s argument for the claim that propositions do not ontologically depend on the things that they are about and in Williamson’s argument for the claim that he, Williamson, is necessarily something. Salmon has put forward that which is, arguably, the most pressing challenge to serious actualists. Salmon’s objection is (...) based on a scenario intended to elicit the judgment that merely possible entities may nonetheless be actually referred to, and so may actually have properties. It is shown that predicativism, the thesis that names are true of their bearers, provides the resources for replying to Salmon’s objection. In addition, an argument for serious actualism based on Stephanou, 219–250 2007) is offered. Finally, it is shown that once serious actualism is conjoined with some minimal assumptions, it implies property necessitism, the thesis that necessarily all properties are necessarily something, as well as a strong comprehension principle for higher-order modal logic according to which for every condition there necessarily is the property of being a thing satisfying that condition. (shrink)

Si les écrans sont multiples, les images sont toujours à construire dans une expérience perceptive qui participe aux cheminements du sens et des imaginaires. En virtualisant ses émotions esthétiques par le recours permanent à Internet et aux réseaux sociaux, le spectateur s'engage dans des approches complexes, à la fois conceptuelles et émotionnelles. Une coexistence qui lui permet de vivre des expériences esthétiques au fort potentiel critique. Face à la présence de plus en plus grande du virtuel dans les vies quotidiennes, (...) et aux débordements de l'image hors de la surface écran à travers les technologies de réalité augmentée, l'enjeu est aujourd'hui de repenser la place du corps. (shrink)

Necessitism, Contingentism, and Theory Equivalence is a dissertation on issues in higher-order modal metaphysics. Consider a modal higher-order language with identity in which the universal quantifier is interpreted as expressing universal quantification and the necessity operator is interpreted as expressing metaphysical necessity. The main question addressed in the dissertation concerns the correct theory formulated in this language. A different question that also takes centre stage in the dissertation is what it takes for theories to be equivalent.The whole dissertation consists of (...) an extended argument in defence of the truth of two seemingly inconsistent higher-order modal theories, specifically: 1.Plantingan Moderate Contingentism, a theory based on Plantinga’s [1] modal metaphysics that is committed to, among other things, the contingent being of some individuals and the necessary being of all possible higher-order entities;2.Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, a theory advocated by Williamson [3] which is committed to, among other things, the necessary being of every possible individual as well as of every possible higher-order entity.Part of the case for these theories’ joint truth relies on defences of the following metaphysical theses: Thorough Serious Actualism, the thesis that no things could have been related while being nothing, and Higher-Order Necessitism, the thesis that necessarily, every higher-order entity is necessarily something. It is shown that Thorough Serious Actualism and Higher-Order Necessitism are both implicit commitments of very weak logical theories. The defence of Higher-Order Necessitism constitutes a powerful challenge to Stalnaker’s [2] Thorough Contingentism, a theory committed to, among other things, the view that there could have been some individuals as well as some entities of any higher-order that could have been nothing.In the dissertation it is argued that Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are in fact equivalent, even if they appear to be jointly inconsistent. The case for this claim relies on the Synonymy account, a novel account of theory equivalence developed and defended in the dissertation. According to this account, theories are equivalent just in case they have the same commitments and conception of logical space.By way of defending the Synonymy account’s adequacy, the account is applied to the debate between noneists, proponents of the view that some things do not exist, and Quineans, proponents of the view that to exist just is to be some thing. The Synonymy account is shown to afford a more nuanced and better understanding of that debate by revealing that what noneists and Quineans are really disagreeing about is what expressive resources are available to appropriately describe the world.By coupling a metatheoretical result with tools from the philosophy of language, it is argued that Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are synonymous theories, and so, by the lights of the Synonymy account, equivalent. Given the defence of their extant commitments made in the dissertation, it is concluded that Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are both correct. A corollary of this result is that the dispute between Plantingans and Williamsonians is, in an important sense, merely verbal. For if two theories are equivalent, then they “require the same of the world for their truth.”Thus, the results of the dissertation reveal that if one speaks as a Plantingan while advocating Plantingan Moderate Contingentism, or as a Williamsonian while advocating Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, then one will not go wrong. Notwithstanding, one will still go wrong if one speaks as a Plantingan while advocating Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, or as a Williamsonian while advocating Plantingan Moderate Contingentism.On the basis of a conception of the individual constants and predicates of second-order modal languages as strongly Millian, i.e., as having actually existing entities as their semantic values, in the appendix are presented second-order modal logics consistent with Stalnaker’s Thorough Contingentism. Furthermore, it is shown there that these logics are strong enough for applications of higher-order modal logic in mathematics, a result that constitutes a reply to an argument to the contrary by Williamson [3]. Finally, these logics are proven to be complete relative to particular “thoroughly contingentist” classes of models. (shrink)

Ces rencontres témoignent de l'histoire des réflexions sur le cinéma dans l'optique de la philosophie depuis la démarche de G. Deleuze. Ce recueil présente une réflexion historique et théorique du rapprochement du cinéma avec la philosophie ou l'esthétique, et procède à des analyses philosophiques ou esthétiques sur tel ou tel aspect du cinéma.

Las grandes cuestiones de la metafísica se han tratado con un renovado impulso y orientaciones filosóficas originales en los últimos 50 años; entre estas grandes cuestiones está el problema de Dios, la libertad del hombre y el mal. Esta renovación de la teología filosófica ha cobrado particular protagonismo dentro de la tradición analítica: en círculos académicos internacionales son cada vez más frecuentes las discusiones sobre los atributos divinos y su relación con distintos aspectos de la existencia humana. En este libro (...) se recogen estudios sobre algunas de estas cuestiones, con la intención de presentar algunos de estos planteamientos novedosos al público académico de habla hispana. En concreto los temas que se tratan son tan variados como el origen y los fundamentos teóricos de la teología filosófica analítica, la eternidad y la presciencia de Dios en relación con la libertad humana, la providencia divina, el determinismo teológico, el problema del mal, la acción divina en la naturaleza, etc. Esperamos que este conjunto de ensayos sean la ocasión para fomentar la discusión en torno a estos temas y abrir nuevas perspectivas en el ámbito de la metafísica y la filosofía de la religión. (shrink)

In this paper we propose and defend the Synonymy account, a novel account of metaphysical equivalence which draws on the idea (Rayo in The Construction of Logical Space, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013) that part of what it is to formulate a theory is to lay down a theoretical hypothesis concerning logical space. Roughly, two theories are synonymous—and so, in our view, equivalent—just in case (i) they take the same propositions to stand in the same entailment relations, and (ii) they (...) are committed to the truth of the same propositions. Furthermore, we put our proposal to work by showing that it affords a better and more nuanced understanding of the debate between Quineans and noneists. Finally we show how the Synonymy account fares better than some of its competitors, specifically, McSweeney’s (Philosophical Perspectives 30(1):270–293, 2016) epistemic account and Miller’s (Philosophical Quarterly 67(269):772–793, 2017) hyperintensional account. (shrink)

There is an ongoing debate about the meaning of lexical words, i.e., words that contribute with content to the meaning of sentences. This debate has coincided with a renewal in the study of polysemy, which has taken place in the psycholinguistics camp mainly. There is already a fruitful interbreeding between two lines of research: the theoretical study of lexical word meaning, on the one hand, and the models of polysemy psycholinguists present, on the other. In this paper I aim at (...) deepening on this ongoing interbreeding, examine what is said about polysemy, particularly in the psycholinguistics literature, and then show how what we seem to know about the representation and storage of polysemous senses affects the models that we have about lexical word meaning. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende mostrar que ha significado ser un intelectual, poniendo el acento en su función originaria en contraste con lo que se considera la traición de los mismos. El artículo comienza recordando el Affaire Dreyfus y, con Benda y Chomsky, se buscará matizar la tarea del intelectual así como su responsabilidad. Las discusiones aquí ofrecidas nos llevarán a observar las dinámicas ideológicas del siglo XX y se prestará atención al estilo de vida del intelectual, atendiendo a las críticas (...) que recogió Barthes sobre Poujade así como los dardos envenenados que lanzó Schopenhauer a los filósofos de su tiempo. Dardos que, atendiendo a la posverdad, se revelan con bastante actualidad. (shrink)

In recent years, the Neo-Kantian movement has received wide acknowledgment as the hidden origin of several contemporary philosophical discussions. This paper focuses on one specific Neo-Kantian topic; namely, the idea of history put forward by Wilhelm Windelband (1848–1915). Even though this topic could be seen as one of the better-known Neo-Kantianism themes, there are certain unnoticed elements in Windelband’s treatment of history that merit further discussion. While the texts in which Windelband deals with the logical problems of the historical sciences (...) have been studied at length, other texts, those in which history is studied in connection with the problem of the philosophical method, have not. This paper argues that, for Windelband, history is not merely an object of epistemological reflection but rather a key component of transcendental philosophy. (shrink)

This paper addresses first the appticability of the main notions included in the general notion meant item, meant partial situation , meant activity , and implicitly meant background situation -that of meant agent will be only mentioned in an aside-, plus the notion meaning activity . It will be shown that, when coupled to other notions, such as ‘ontological status’ of IMBST relative to the focussed current situation , as well as to the matching ‘ontological’ properties of the meant items (...) above, they allow to set up unified and apparently successful methods to explore important and debated pragmatic issues. Then their usefulness for research in the domain traditionally accorded to speech-act theory is put to test; and finally the general processual sketch of linguistic activity advanced in the last Sections of P.I is carefully gauged as to its prospects regarding actual implementation of more specific processual sketches of both emission and reception linguistic activities. (shrink)

Die Kritik der Urteilskraft übernimmt die Aufgabe, die bereits in vorausgegangenen Kritiken untersuchte Freiheit und Natur miteinander in Verbindung zu setzen, weil die Freiheit sich und ihre Zwecke in der Natur verwirklichen sollen, aber ohne den jeweiligen Gesetzen Abbruch zu tun. Das Problem stellt sich aus der Perspektive der reflexiven Subjektivität, aus der der Mensch philosophiert und mittels Begriffen denkt und handeln will, und die sich gegenüber der Natur setzt. Die Lösung findet sich im vorreflexiven synthetischen Akt, wo die Subjektivität (...) selbst und ihre Zweckmäßigkeit als Objekt und zwar als ein organischer lebendiger Gegenstand oder Leib erscheinen. Aber eben wegen dieser Dualität entsteht die Dialektik der teleologischen Urteilskraft, weil es scheint, dass diese lebendigen Wesen durch zwei verschiedene Prinzipien beurteilt werden könnten: durch den Mechanismus der Natur und durch die Zweckmäßigkeit der Subjektivität. Diese Antinomie wird in diesem Artikel in drei Stufen der Auslegung erklärt, die am Ende zeigen, wie das mechanische Prinzip sogar den Bereich der Erscheinungen nicht ganz erklären kann, sondern unterdeterminiert, aber die Zweckmäßigkeit als solche geht für den methodologischen Standpunkt der Wissenschaft zu weit, so dass nur die philosophische Reflexion sie übernehmen kann. (shrink)