Reciprocity has been seen as an important notion for anthropologists studying economic and social relations, and this volume examines it in connection with Greek culture from Homer to the Hellenistic period.

The belief that Jastrow’s duck-rabbit is both a duck-head and a rabbit-head drawing violates the Law of Non-Contradiction, as does the belief that J seems to be something independent of all the ways J can seem. Call the former belief B1 and the latter B2. I argue that B1 and B2 are rational, though contradictory beliefs, and conclude that we must reassess the LNC’s status of being a fundamental requirement for rationality. In contrast with B1 and B2, our experiences that (...) correspond to said beliefs do comply with the LNC. That is: we cannot see J as both duck and rabbit at the same time, nor does J seem something independent of the ways J can seem. Since there is no satisfactory explanation for why we are not able to see J as the contradictions E1 or E2―even though our corresponding beliefs about J are the contradictions B1 and B2―I propose that the LNC is merely an empirical hypothesis concerning the limits of our perception. (shrink)

Upon doing something generous for someone with whom you are close, some kind of reciprocity may be appropriate. But it often seems wrong to actually request reciprocity. This chapter explores the wrongness in making these requests, and why they can nevertheless appear appropriate. After considering several explanations for the wrongness at issue (involving, e.g. distinguishing oughts from obligation, the suberogatory, imperfect duties, and gift-giving norms), a novel proposal is advanced. The requests are disrespectful; they express that their agent insufficiently trusts (...) the hearer to recognize their own reasons to reciprocate, and the close relationship between them morally requires this kind of trust. This proposal is articulated and situated in the recent discussion of the normativity of requests. The chapter concludes by explaining how these requests may appear appropriate. Agents in these relationships often have standing to make requests, though the standing is lacking in these particular cases. (shrink)

Chinese philosphy of cults, Falun Gong and Indian mysticism.

Essodina BAMAZE N’GANI | : En raison de fortes tensions ethniques qui le mettent en branle, l’État en Afrique vit un délitement du tissu collectif. Dans un contexte de pluralisme ethnique fort, la négation de ce pluralisme par la politique d’assimilation a eu pour effet contraire l’édification d’un sectarisme ethnique donnant lieu à une instabilité socio-politique. En réaction, la prise en considération institutionnelle de l’ethnie n’a pu empêcher cette instabilité. Oscillant ainsi entre politique d’assimilation et naturalisation normative de l’ethnie, l’État (...) y vit une crise du bien commun. Le présent article vise à montrer que la gestion du pluralisme ethnique en Afrique ne saurait se réduire à de simples dispositions politico-juridiques. Il s’agit bien plutôt de promouvoir la perspective de la postcommunauté qui vient fédérer trois types de mobilisations enchevêtrées : l’une relative à la conscience, l’autre à la participation de toutes les composantes communautaires au bien commun, enfin celle relative aux nouvelles responsabilités de l’État. | : Due to high ethnic tensions at play, the State in Africa is witnessing a disintegration of the social fabric. Against the background of a pervasive ethnic pluralism, the weakening of this pluralism through the policy of assimilation had the unwanted effect of establishing ethnic sectarianism, culminating into social and political disruptions. Subsequently, the institutional consideration of ethnicity could not prevent this instability. Torn between the policy of assimilation and the normative naturalisation of ethnicity, the State is undergoing a crisis in terms of the common good. This paper seeks to demonstrate that the management of ethnic pluralism in Africa cannot be watered down to simple political and legal provisions. It has far more to do with promoting the perspective of post-community which merges three types of interrelated concepts : one related to conscience, the other to the involvement of all community components working for the common good, and lastly the one dealing with new duties of the State. (shrink)

Монография представляет собой исследование философских взглядов одного из представителей второй половины XIX века, мыслителя, публициста, литературного критика, переводчика, издателя, Н. Н. Страхова.

Монография представляет собой исследование философских взглядов одного из представителей второй половины XIX века, мыслителя, публициста, литературного критика, переводчика, издателя, Н. Н. Страхова.

Ethics and Humanity pays to tribute to Jonathan Glover, a pioneering figure whose thought and personal influence have had a significant impact on applied ...

On concept of Jīva in Hindu philosophy and Vedic literature.

Contribution of Rāhula Sāṅkr̥tyāyana, 1893-1963, Hindi to Buddhist philosophy and literature; includes description of his travel to various places.

Works of Tran Duc Thao, a Vietnamese philosopher.