Diversas investigaciones han mostrado que la tematización de la autoconciencia no es un exclusiva de la filosofía moderna. Plotino es tal vez el primero en haber reflexionado sobre las cuestiones fundamentales de una teoría de la autoconciencia y, ello, en confrontación con el escepticismo de Sexto Empírico. La autoconciencia es propia de la hipóstasis del nous como unidad diferenciada de Inteligencia, Inteligible e Intelección que, sin embargo, se constituye a sí misma en su vano intento de aprehender la Unidad absolutamente (...) simple del Uno. El artículo examina una reciente objeción a Plotino según la cual él se limitaría a describir en qué medida se puede reconstruir la Inteligencia como anterior a la relación, pero no resuelve la paradoja sobre la posibilidad de que de una relación resulte una identidad. (shrink)

Este artículo aporta al conocimiento de la fonología suprasegmental del Mapudungun (específicamente, del acento), aspecto que ha sido escasamente abordado, en comparación con la fonía segmental de esta lengua. Sus focos principales son determinar cómo se distribuye el acento léxico en el Lafkenche hablado en la localidad de Los Álamos, Octava Región de Chile; y la comparación con el trabajo de Ortiz (2021), el cual se ocupa de este aspecto prosódico en el cordón cordillerano de habla Pewenche. Para ello, se (...) determinaron las sílabas tónicas de palabras monomorfémicas bisilábicas y trisilábicas elicitadas a 6 hablantes adultos bilingües de Mapudungun-español. Los resultados muestran una clara tendencia a emplear una acentuación paroxítona, lo que difiere del habla del cordón cordillerano de habla Pewenche, donde predomina la acentuación oxítona. Esta diferencia puede explicarse por el mayor grado de contacto del Lafkenche con el español. Además, se estableció que la ocurrencia de la sílaba CVC no cumple un rol prominente en la asignación del acento en la zona. (shrink)

Are verbal reports of disgust in moral situations specific indicators of the concept of disgust, or are they used metaphorically to refer to anger? In this experiment, participants read scenarios describing a violation of a norm either about the use of the body (bodily moral) or about harm and rights (socio-moral). They then expressed disgust and anger on verbal scales, and through facial expression endorsement measures. The use of disgust words in the socio-moral condition was largely predicted by anger words (...) and only secondarily by disgust faces, whereas in the bodily moral condition the use of disgust words was predicted to a similar extent by disgust faces and anger words. Angry faces, however, never predicted disgust words independently of anger words. These results support a middle-ground position in which disgust words concerning socio-moral violations are not entirely a metaphor for anger, but bear some relationship to other representations of disgust. In the case of socio-moral violations, however, the use of disgust language is more strongly related to anger language, and less strongly to facial representations of disgust than in the case of bodily moral violations. (shrink)

Management of different types of partnerships plays a decisive role in company performance. Complex business ventures, such as those created to serve low-income populations, usually include both cross- and same-sector partnerships. However, the initial diversity featured in these alliance portfolios diminishes as companies take their ventures up to scale. This article develops theoretical propositions about the evolution and configuration patterns of portfolios that include both cross- and same-sector partnerships. Two longitudinal case studies serve to illustrate the theoretical framework developed for (...) alliance portfolios that include both types of partnerships. Companies that create such portfolios adopt partnership strategies that follow paths also identified in the evolution of portfolios only made up of partnerships with other private firms: i.e., an evolution from adapting to shaping and exploiting strategies. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThere is substantial evidence to suggest that deafness is associated with delays in emotion understanding, which has been attributed to delays in language acquisition and opportunities to converse. However, studies addressing the ability to recognise facial expressions of emotion have produced equivocal findings. The two experiments presented here attempt to clarify emotion recognition in deaf children by considering two aspects: the role of motion and the role of intensity in deaf children’s emotion recognition. In Study 1, 26 deaf children were (...) compared to 26 age-matched hearing controls on a computerised facial emotion recognition task involving static and dynamic expressions of 6 emotions. Eighteen of the deaf and 18 age-matched hearing controls additionally took part in Study 2, involving the presentation of the same 6 emotions at varying intensities. Study 1 showed that deaf children’s emotion recognition was better in the dynamic rather than static condition, whereas the hearing children sh... (shrink)

Discovering the influences between paintings and artists is very important for automatic art analysis. Lately, this problem has gained more importance since research studies are looking into explanations about the origin and evolution of artistic styles, which is a related problem. This paper proposes to build a multiplex artwork representation based on artistic formal concepts to gain more understanding about the aforementioned problem. We complement and built our approach on the previous notion of Creativity Implication Network. We used the recently (...) proposed MultiRank algorithm to suggest possible explanations of the dynamic of some artistic styles. Our results corroborate some well-known facts about the artists analyzed and give qualitative and quantitative information that show the possibilities and strengths of the proposed framework. We plan to expand our analysis to include more abstract artworks. Ideally, we are going to be able to validate more our results and test how our methodology could be used to generate visual artifacts too. (shrink)

Vulnerability, understood as a negative aspect of criminalization under immune considerations, constitutes itself as a creative and transformative force that makes it possible to think about a life in common sustained through care and affirmative protection of life. The development of this idea requires three specific stages: in the first, it is described the current democracy as a government technique whose management depends on vulnerable populations; in the second, it is reviewed criminalization as a specific form of immune control; and (...) finally, it is recognized vulnerability as the basis of a new way of democratic life, departing from the attention of certain social groups that have been criminalized due to their precariousness. (shrink)

Five different Latin American experiences help us to understand the impacts of corporate social responsibility on communities. We focus on communities composed of low-income populations to compare types of interventions, their main characteristics, spaces for community participation, and some results and impacts. Some of the findings indicate that (a) a company’s enlightened self-interest in its CSR program ensures its commitment to the program and the program’s sustainability; (b) community involvement from the outset in defining a project increases the probability of (...) success, since corporations cannot assume they understand the needs of a community by taking them at face value; (c) projects do not create untenable expectations in local communities when they consider the whole life cycle and the sustainability of the investment after an appropriate exit strategy is executed; and (d) financial resources are only part of the equation because corporations can have enormous impacts with limited financing if programs are well defined and supported. (shrink)

We study the conditions under which increasing risk raises the optimal control variable when the budget constraint is nonlinear. In contrast to the case when the budget constraint is linear, nonlinearities alter the risk attitudes of the economic agent; that is, the agent’s risk behavior is driven by the interaction between the shape of the utility function and the shape of the budget constraint. This paper complements the classical literature with linear payoff functions in two important ways. First, we derive (...) necessary and sufficient conditions for unambiguous comparative statics of changes in risk when the budget constraint is nonlinear. Second, we highlight the critical role of the coefficients of technological improvement and cross-prudence in technology derived from the nonlinear budget constraint in a similar form to that in which the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the coefficient of relative prudence are derived from the utility function. We show several applications of this theory, including the worker’s decision to work in-person during a pandemic. (shrink)

The digital society is reconfiguring the relationships between digital culture and intercultural citizenship in Peru. To understand these connections, it is important to examine thesis reports presented in Peruvian universities. Conceptual mapping is used as a research method, allowing for the identification of emerging thematic connections. The results demonstrate a growing interest in research on digital culture and intercultural citizenship in Peru, as well as the interconnections and gaps that highlight national inequalities. Essentially, the need for public policies that promote (...) digital culture, and an active and participatory intercultural citizenship online is revealed. (shrink)

Inception module is one of the most used variants in convolutional neural networks. It has a large portfolio of success cases in computer vision. In the past years, diverse inception flavours, differing in the number of branches, the size and the number of the kernels, have appeared in the scientific literature. They are proposed based on the expertise of the practitioners without any optimization process. In this work, an implementation of population-based incremental learning is proposed for automatic optimization of the (...) hyperparameters of the inception module. This hyperparameters optimization undertakes classification of the MNIST database of handwritten digit images. This problem is widely used as a benchmark in classification, and therefore, the learned best configurations for the Inception module will be of wide use in the deep learning community. In order to reduce the carbon footprint of the optimization process, policies for reducing the redundant evaluations have been undertaken. As a consequence of this work, an evaluation of configurations of the inception module and a mechanism for optimizing hyperparameters in deep learning architectures are stated. (shrink)

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by dysfunctional processing of nociceptive stimulation. Neuroimaging studies have pointed out that pain-related network functioning seems to be altered in these patients. It is thought that this clinical symptomatology may be maintained or even strengthened because of an enhanced expectancy for painful stimuli or its forthcoming appearance. However, neural electrophysiological correlates associated with such attentional mechanisms have been scarcely explored. In the current study, expectancy processes of upcoming laser stimulation (painful and non-painful) and (...) its further processing were explored by event-related potentials (ERPs). Nineteen fibromyalgia patients and twenty healthy control volunteers took part in the experiment. Behavioral measures (reaction times and subjective pain perception) were also collected. We manipulated the pain/no pain expectancy through an S1–S2 paradigm (cue-target). S1 (image: triangle or square) predicted the S2 appearance (laser stimulation: warmth or pinprick sensation). Laser stimuli were delivered using a CO2 laser device. Temporal and spatial principal component analyses were employed to define and quantify the ERP component reliability. Statistical analyses revealed the existence of an abnormal pattern of pain expectancy in patients with fibromyalgia. Specifically, our results showed attenuated amplitudes at posterior lCNV component in anticipation of painful stimulation that was not found in healthy participants. In contrast, although larger P2 amplitudes to painful compared to innocuous events were shown, patients did not show any amplitude change in this laser-evoked response as a function of pain predictive cues (as occurred in the healthy control group). Additionally, analyses of the subjective perception of pain and reaction time indicated that laser stimuli preceded by pain cues were rated as more painful than those signaling non-pain expectancy and were associated with faster responses. Differences between groups were not found. The present findings suggest the presence of dysfunction in pain expectation mechanisms in fibromyalgia that eventually may make it difficult for patients to correctly interpret signs that prevent pain symptoms. Furthermore, the abnormal pattern in pain expectancy displayed by fibromyalgia patients could result in ineffective pain coping strategies. Understanding the neural correlates of pain processing and its modulatory factors is crucial to identify treatments for chronic pain syndromes. (shrink)

War and Border Crossings brings together renowned scholars to address some of the most pressing problems in public policy, international affairs, and the intercultural issues of our day. Contributors from widely varying disciplines discuss cross-cultural ethical issues and international topics ranging from American international policy and the invasion and occupation of Iraq to domestic topics such as immigration, the war on drugs, cross-cultural bioethics and ethical issues involving American Indian tribes. The culture clashes discussed in these essays raise serious questions (...) about what principles ought to inform the negotiating of conflicts in order to achieve, or at least approach, outcomes that are fundamentally just, fair, responsible, and ethical. (shrink)

El presente trabajo utiliza la noción de archivo, propuesta por Roberto González Echevarría, a partir del problema de la constitución de un catálogo editorial en Dublinesca de Enrique Vila-Matas. Este último, acto de resistencia al fin de la imprenta y el comienzo de la digitalización literaria. De esta manera reparamos sobre la construcción del personaje, su función como editor y las relaciones que dicho trabajo establece con el archivo y la tradición en el contexto de la denominada Sociedad de (...) Riesgo. De este modo lograremos percibir cómo el viejo editor deviene aquello con lo cual trabaja y que se ha vuelto una obsesión: deviene archivo. (shrink)

Following an analysis of the historical contexts from which liberation theology emerged, ana anlysis of Gutiérrez’s version of this theology is provided with a discussion of its prospects for future development.

Following an analysis of the historical contexts from which liberation theology emerged, ana anlysis of Gutiérrez’s version of this theology is provided with a discussion of its prospects for future development.

Se trata de una breve presentación al libro del Investigador Titular del Instituto de Filosofía de La Habana Gilberto Valdés Gutiérrez El paradigma emancipatorio en América Latina: opciones en controversia, publicado por la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.

Rationale, aims and objectives Given the increasing prevalence of cataract and demand for cataract extraction surgery, patients must often wait to undergo this procedure. We validated a previously developed priority scoring system in terms of clinical variables, pre-intervention health status, appropriateness of surgery and gain in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods Explicit prioritization criteria for cataract extraction created by a variation of the Research and Development (RAND) and University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology were retrospectively (...) applied to a prospective cohort of 5257 patients on waiting lists to undergo cataract by phacoemulsification at 17 hospitals in Spain. Demographic data, clinical data and data related to surgical technique were collected by trained ophthalmologists. Patients were evaluated by their ophthalmologist before the intervention and 6 weeks afterward. They also completed, by mail, the Visual Function Index (VF-14) before the intervention and 3 months afterward.Results High-priority patients experienced greater improvement in VA and HRQoL than those classified as intermediate or low-priority (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting by VA and the VF-14 score at baseline. The time to intervention was the same for high-priority patients as it was for intermediate and low-priority patients.Conclusions The priority score we developed identified patients most likely to experience the greatest improvements from cataract extraction. Use of this tool could provide a fairer and more rational way to prioritize patients for cataract extraction. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo muestra que la pintura de Tiziano contiene en el fondo un esquema dialéctico de tensión entre elementos opuestos: jovial/trágico, clásico/cristiano, puñal/refugio. Esta tensión alimenta la intersección de estructuras significativas que caracteriza a toda obra de arte. Esta dialéctica explica el sentido último que tiene la pintura para Tiziano. Centramos esta dialéctica en la obra Desollamiento de Marsias, obra que enseña que la pintura, el arte en general, para Tiziano abre heridas, es un puñal, pero también es un (...) abrigo donde el que refugiarnos del horror del mundo. Abstract This article shows that Titian's painting contains at its core a dialectical scheme of tension between opposing elements: jovial/tragic, classical/christian, dagger/refuge. This tension feeds the intersection of meaningful structures that characterize every work of art. This dialectic explains the ultimate meaning of painting for Titian. We focus this dialectic on the work The Flaying of Marsyas, a work that teaches that painting, art in general, for Titian opens wounds, it is a dagger, but it is also a shelter in which to take refuge from the horror of the world. (shrink)

Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Lee Smolin argue for a revolution in our cosmological ideas. Ideal for non-scientists, physicists and cosmologists.

En este artículo analizo la interpretación de Hegel de la filosofía política platónica (particularmente la República) en determinados pasajes de dos obras puntuales: los Fundamentos de la filosofía del derecho y las Lecciones sobre Platón. Considero dos ejes específicos de análisis: la propiedad privada y la libertad subjetiva. El objetivo del artículo es señalar la relación que Hegel establece con Platón o, al menos, con República. Muestro que, en realidad, en este diálogo existen ciertos matices con respecto a los dos (...) ejes mencionados; estos matices implican diferencias de análisis respecto de la lectura hegeliana. (shrink)

In this paper, I respond to what I have called an epistemological objection to a dialetheist approach to the doctrine of the Incarnation, of which one example is Beall’s contradictory Christ. I discuss Anderson’s book Paradox in Christian theology, in which the author claims to account for the rationality of the doctrine of the Incarnation as a merely apparently contradictory doctrine, and I present my model, based on Anderson’s model, according to which the doctrine has the possibility to be rational (...) by understanding it as genuinely contradictory. I show that this model fits perfectly well with the criteria that, according to Anderson, any model for the rationality of a paradoxical doctrine should meet. Beall does not address the problem of the rationality of the doctrine in his works about the contradictory Christ, and he asserts that he is not interested in it. However, I think that if he wants to make his theory more robust, less suspicious, and more convincing for theologians, philosophers, and ordinary people, he should consider this problem. (shrink)

This paper is a response to Haze’s brief argument for the falsity of the theory that instantial terms refer arbitrarily, proposed by Breckenridge and Magidor in 2012. In this paper, I characterise instantial terms and outline the theory of arbitrary reference; then I reconstruct Haze’s argument and contend that it fails in its purpose. Haze’s argument is supposed to be a _reductio ad absurdum:_ according to Haze, it proves that a contradiction follows from the most basic tenets of the theory (...) of arbitrary reference. I will argue, however, that the contradiction in question follows not from these tenets, but from the surreptitious use that Haze makes of a self-referential expression. I conclude, consequently, that Haze’s argument is nothing more than an illustration of the well-known fact that self-referential expressions produce paradoxical results. (shrink)

In their paper “Brain Data in Context: Are New Rights the Way to Mental and Brain Privacy?” Susser and Cabrera (2024) argue against the notion that specific rights may be necessary to protect “brai...

Se reseña la obra Adentro de Nadie, del escritor mexicano Jorge Martín Bocanegra, resaltando los aspectos literarios dentro de la poesía contemporánea, invitando al lector adentrarse en el mundo de las letras desde una perspectiva única, donde los tópicos de su poesía son los oscuros caminos del ciberespacio, las ciudades devoradoras de hombres, las redes sociales chupasangre, las lenguas de los hombres callados, los medios de comunicación infames narrando el trágico periplo de los migrantes y la violencia como una manzana (...) de las Hespérides. (shrink)

Posthumanism is the key to interpreting the twenty-first century and represents an international research program on the relationship with technology and the biosphere and new forms of citizenship and identity. This book clarifies the common denominators that differentiate posthumanism from other proposals.

Pegaso Zorokin es una novela experimental que fue publicada en 2012 en cinco volúmenes de la revista digital [Radiador] Magazine. Está compuesta por veintitrés capítulos sin aparente conexión entre ellos. Esta estructura complica una lectura global y pone en crisis la idea de novela. Sin embargo, es posible encontrar continuidad dentro de los fragmentos si se atiende a los puentes hipertextuales dentro del texto. Estas conexiones logran la unidad buscada. La conformación de la novela es muy similar a la de (...) cualquier red social digital. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar este funcionamiento dinámico. El trabajo analítico fue realizado bajo un método semiótico que involucra los conceptos semiósfera y persona semiótica de Yuri Lotman; hipertextualidad de Gerard Genette y propagabilidad de Gabrielle Marino. El análisis fue aplicado a tres de las cinco entregas de la novela de Arana, demostrando que el texto está compuesto por una red interna cohesionadora. (shrink)

This article reads some familiar examples of contemporary visual arts, such as Cindy Sherman, Mona Hatoum, Robert Gober, John Miller, Eva Hesse, Orlan and Robert Mapplethorpe, by engaging with diff...

There are compelling reasons to believe that musical works are abstract. However, this hypothesis conflicts with the platitude that musical works are appreciated by means of audition: the things that enter our ear canals and make our eardrums vibrate must be concrete, so how can musical works be listened to if they are abstract? This question constitutes the audibility problem. In this paper, I assess Julian Dodd’s elaborate attempt to solve it, and contend that Dodd’s attempt is unsuccessful. Then I (...) discuss what I take to be the ideal response to the audibility problem, and show that it ultimately fails. I contend, consequently, that the project of construing musical works as audible is disheartening. Accordingly, in my last section, I will argue the audibility problem may be satisfactorily resolved without ascribing audibility to musical works. (shrink)

In this paper we present BTC, which is a complete logic for branchingtime whose modal operator quantifies over histories and whose temporal operators involve a restricted quantification over histories in a given possible choice. This is a technical novelty, since the operators of the usual logics for branching-time such as CTL express an unrestricted quantification over histories and moments. The value of the apparatus we introduce is connected to those logics of agency that are interpreted on branching-time, as for instance (...) Stit Logics. (shrink)

Roberto Esposito is one of the most prolific and important exponents of contemporary Italian political theory.

The theory of the firm initially developed by Ronald Coase has made explicit the political nature of firms by putting hierarchy at the heart of the economic process. Theories of workplace democracy articulate this intuition in the normative terms of the conditions under which this political power can be legitimate. This paper presents an organizational theory of workplace democracy, and contends that the democratization of firms requires that we take their organizational dimension explicitly into account. It thus construes democracy as (...) an organizational principle and juxtaposes it to market, hierarchy, and norm-compliance as rival principles for the organization of economic activities. Attempts to construe democracy as an organizational principle with unique features in the tradition of transaction-cost economics are discussed before proposing an innovative solution based on an updated version of grid/group cultural theory of politics, adjusted to accommodate the basic requirements of democratic theory. (shrink)