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  1. The Lectio Principle: Its Significance in Assessing the Viability of a Kashmir Recension of the Bhagavad Gita.Wesley De Sena - manuscript
    In this paper, I delve into the methodologies employed by scholars such as Otto Schrader, Krishna Belvalkar, Franklin Edgerton, and Vishwa Adluri to substantiate the potential existence of a Kashmiri recension of the Bhagavad Gita through the application of the lectio principle. The lectio difficilior, or "harder reading," posits that a more complex and challenging reading in a text is likely to be the older and superior one, as scribes tend to simplify intricate passages into more straightforward forms, known as (...)
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  2. Meaning in Bhar̥trhari's Vākyapadīya.Ved Mitra Shukla - 2021 - Delhi: Shakti Publications.
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  3. Vyākaraṇa kī dārśanika bhūmikā: Bhartr̥hari para mukhyataḥ ādhārita = The philosophy of grammar according to Bhartr̥hari.Satyakāma Varmā - 1971 - Naī Dillī: Muṃśīrāma Manoharalāla.
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  4. Kālaśakti: Bhartr̥hari's philosophy of time.Tandra Patnaik - 2014 - New Delhi: D.K. Printworld.
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  5. Indian and western philosophy of language.Pradyot Kumar Mukhopadhyay & Kamalesha Datta Tripathi (eds.) - 2019 - New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
    Contributed papers presented at the Three Day National Seminar on 'Indian and Western Philosophy of Language' held at Varanasi from February 10-12th, 2011 by IGNCA in collaboration with Department of Vyākaraṇa, Sanskrit Vidya Dharmavijnana Sankaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
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  6. Epistemology and linguistics: Bhartṛhari, structuralism and poststructuralism.Prabha Shankar Dwivedi - 2018 - Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private.
  7. Bhartr̥hari kā vyākaraṇadarśana. Monikā - 2022 - Dillī, Bhārata: Śivālika Prakāśana.
    Comprehensive study of the Vākyapadīya of Bhartr̥hari, work on semantics and philosophy of Sanskrit grammar.
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  8. Against a Mahāyāna Absolute: Why Absolutism Need Not Be a Conclusion of Mahāyāna Philosophy.Gary Donnelly - 2018 - Dissertation, University of Liverpool
    This work will argue that Mahāyāna philosophy need not result in endorsement of some cosmic Absolute in the vein of the Advaitin ātman-Brahman. Scholars such as Bhattacharya, Albahari and Murti argue that the Buddha at no point denied the existence of a cosmic ātman, and instead only denied a localised, individual ātman (what amounts to a jīva). The idea behind this, then, is that the Buddha was in effect an Advaitin, analysing experience and advocating liberation in an Advaitin sense: through (...)
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  9. Lost in Translation? The Upaniṣadic Story about “Da” and Interpretational Issues in Analytic Philosophy.Don Dcruz, Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay & Venkata Raghavan - 2015 - Apa Newsletter on Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies 2 (14):15-18.
    In the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, one of the principal Upaniṣads, we find a venerable and famous story where the god Prajāpati separately instructs three groups of people (gods, humans, and demons) simply by uttering the syllable “Da.” In this paper, our concern is not with ethics but theories of meaning and interpretation: How can all divergent interpretations of a single expression be correct, and, indeed, endorsed by the speaker? As an exercise in cross-cultural philosophical reflection, we consider some of the leading (...)
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  10. A one-valued logic for non-one-sidedness.Fabien Schang - 2013 - International Journal of Jaina Studies 9 (1):1-25.
    Does it make sense to employ modern logical tools for ancient philosophy? This well-known debate2 has been re-launched by the indologist Piotr Balcerowicz, questioning those who want to look at the Eastern school of Jainism with Western glasses. While plainly acknowledging the legitimacy of Balcerowicz's mistrust, the present paper wants to propose a formal reconstruction of one of the well-known parts of the Jaina philosophy, namely: the saptabhangi, i.e. the theory of sevenfold predication. Before arguing for this formalist approach to (...)
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  11. Figures of Speech in the Rāmāyaṇa.J. L. Brockington - 1977 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 97 (4):441-459.
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  12. Śabdādvaita darśana: Bhartr̥hari kā darśana.Kailāśa Pati Miśra - 2006 - Vārāṇasī: Kalā Prakāśana.
    Study of philosophy of semantics in Vākyapadīya of Bhartr̥hari.
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  13. Bhartrhari's Vākyapadīya: its linguistic and literary implications with special reference to modern English poetry.R. Anitha - 2010 - Kochi: Sukr̥tīndra Oriental Research Institute.
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  14. The central problems of Bhartr̥hari's philosophy.Devendra Nath Tiwari - 2008 - New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research.
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  15. Sa dot mdot mbandha and abhisa dot mdot mbandha.Ashok Aklujkar - 1989 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 17 (3).
    The few abbreviations employed in the body of the article are explained in the bibliography.
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  16. On semantics and saṃketa: Thoughts on a neglected problem with buddhist apoha doctrine. [REVIEW]Dan Arnold - 2006 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 34 (5):415-478.
    “...a theory of meaning for a particular language should be conceived by a philosopher as describing the practice of linguistic interchange by speakers of the language without taking it as already understood what it is to have a language at all: that is what, by imagining such a theory, we are trying to make explict." – Michael Dummer (2004: 31).
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  17. A theory of tarka sentences.V. K. Bharadwaja - 1981 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 41 (4):532-546.
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  18. Bhartr̥hari, philosopher and grammarian: proceedings of the First International Conference on Bhartr̥hari (University of Poona, January 6-8, 1992).Saroja Bhate & Johannes Bronkhorst (eds.) - 1992 - Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
    This is the reason why an international conference on Bhartrhari was organized in January 1992 in Pune, under the joint auspices of the University of Poons and ...
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  19. The context principle and some indian controversies over meaning.B. K. Matilal & P. K. Sen - 1988 - Mind 97 (385):73-97.
  20. Śabda, a study of Bhartr̥hari's philosophy of language.Tandra Patnaik - 1994 - New Delhi: D.K. Printworld.
    Semantics in the Vākyapadīya of Bhartr̥hari, work on the philosophy of Sanskrit language grammar; a study.
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  21. Linguistic philosophy in Vākyapadīya.Gayatri Rath - 2000 - Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan.
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  22. The Philosophy of Bhartr̥hari.Gaurīnātha Śāstrī - 1991 - Delhi, India: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan.
    Critical study of Vākyapadīya of Bhartr̥hari, classical work on the philosophy of Sanskrit grammar.
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Vyakarana/Grammar
  1. Old Topics, New Formulations: Khaṇḍadeva and Navyanyāya.Bogdan Diaconescu - 2020 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 49 (2):291-321.
    This article is first in a series dedicated to issues in the intellectual history of Mīmāṃsā in early modern India and part of a larger effort to broaden the basis for understanding the new formulations of central topics of the Mīmāṃsā textual-ritual complex in this period. It examines how the Varanasi scholar Khaṇḍadevamiśra makes use of Navyanyāya tools of analysis by putting under the microscope the example of his investigation and new formulation of the signification of agent and agency by (...)
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  2. The Literal/Non-Literal Distinction in Indian Philosophy.Malcolm Keating - 2016 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Article lays out the conceptual space for Indian theorizing about literal and non-literal meaning by way of each of these three textual traditions. Since the article’s structure is topical rather than historical, a chronology of major figures is appended to help orient readers. The focus of the article is the period demarcated roughly from 200 CE to 1300 CE, often characterized as the Classical Period of Indian philosophy.
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  3. Book Review The Journal of Oriental Research, Madras, 2010-2012 edited by Dr V Kameswari, Dr K S Balasubramanian, and Dr T V Vasudeva.Swami Narasimhananda - 2014 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 119 (8):504.
    The Journal of Oriental Research was started in 1927 by Prof. S Kuppuswami Sastri, who was also the founder of the Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute. Originally an annual journal, its regularity has been disturbed due to financial difficulties. Th e present issue comprises volumes eighty-three to eighty-four and has been funded by the Dr V Raghavan Memorial Endowment.
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  4. Book Review Lectures on Patañjali’s Mahābhāsya Volumes IX and X by P S Subrahmanya Sastri. [REVIEW]Swami Narasimhananda - 2014 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 119 (6):405.
    The ninth volume contains ahnikas, divisions, forty-two to forty-seven, and the tenth volume contains ahnikas forty-eight to fifty-six. Each Panini sutra is followed by the relevant bhashya, commentary, and the varttika, annotation, of Vararuchi. Each volume has indexes of the sutras, varttikas, nyayas, paribhashas, and important Sanskrit and English words.
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  5. तत्त्वज्ञान, ब्रह्मज्ञान आणि दर्शन Tattvanjan, Brahmjnan and Darsan.Shriniwas Hemade - 2014 - In Girish Kuber & Abhijit Tamhane (eds.), Article in weekly column daily Loksatta in Maharashtra (Indian Express Group). Indian Express Group. pp. 6.
    तत्त्वज्ञान, ब्रह्मज्ञान आणि दर्शन is the 13 article of the weekly column in Daily Loksatta, Marathi publication of Indian Express Group India. The Column is entitled as Tattvabhan तत्त्वभान – A Philosophical Counsciousness. Present article is published on 27th March 2014, explains the meaning and usage of the three terms mentioned in the Title. – Dr. Shriniwas Hemade – Author, [email protected].
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  6. The two kinds of anumana in Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya.Akihiko Akamatsu - 1999 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 27 (1-2):17-22.
  7. BEING AND BECOMING OF THE MIND: AN UPANISHADIC INSIGHT OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNSESS AND MENTAL FUNCTIONS.Varanasi Ramabrahmam - 2013 - In In Proceedings of the International Conference o “Is Science able to explain the Scientist? (Science abd Scientist-2013) being held at Synergy Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, on December 08, 2013. Covers Theme 1 : Science of Spiritual.
    Human consciousness, as dealt with in the Upanishads, modeled as a mechanical oscillator of infrasonic frequency (the Atman/Brahman), the result of breathing process, is further advanced to get an insight of functions of mind. An analytical approach is followed in parallel to and separette from quantum mechanical, quantum field and other theoretical propositions, approaches and presentations. Pure consciousness, unoccupied awareness and occupied awareness are identified, defined, classified and discussed together with fresh insight about time-space and time. A reversible transformation (vivartanam) (...)
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  8. Debating Verbal Cognition: The Theory of the Principal Qualificand (mukyaviśeṣya) in Classical Indian Thought.Bogdan Diaconescu - 2012 - Motilal Banarsidass.
    The intellectual culture of India presents us with highly elaborated theories of verbal cognition, known in Sanskrit philosophical literature under the generic name of sabdabodha. The theory explored in this book represents the content of the cognition derived from linguistic utterances as a paraphrase centered on a meaning element-the principal qualificand, which is qualified by other meaning elements. Thinkers of the Mimamsa, Nyaya and Vyakarana schools concern themselves with this topic, situated at the interface between epistemology, linguistics, scriptural exegesis and (...)
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  9. Meaning, Understanding, and Knowing-what: An Indian Grammarian Notion of Intuition (pratibha).Chien-Hsing Ho - 2014 - Philosophy East and West 64 (2):404-424.
    For Bhartrhari, a fifth-century Indian grammarian-philosopher, all conscious beings—beasts, birds and humans—are capable of what he called pratibha, a flash of indescribable intuitive understanding such that one knows what the present object “means” and what to do with it. Such an understanding, if correct, amounts to a mode of knowing that may best be termed knowing-what, to distinguish it from both knowing-that and knowing-how. This paper attempts to expound Bhartrhari’s conception of pratibha in relation to the notions of meaning, understanding, (...)
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  10. Can the Grammarians’Dharma be a Dharma for all?Ashok Aklujkar - 2004 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 32 (5-6):687-732.
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  11. The word is the world: Nondualism in indian philosophy of language.Ashok Aklujkar - 2001 - Philosophy East and West 51 (4):452-473.
    The meanings in which the word "word" can be taken, the interpretations that the relevant meanings would necessitate of the "word-equals-world" thesis, and the extent to which Bhartṛhari can be said to be aware of or receptive to these interpretations are considered. The observation that more than one interpretation would have been acceptable to Bhartṛhari naturally leads to a discussion of his notion of truth, his perspectivism, and his understanding of the nature of philosophizing as an activity in which language (...)
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  12. A case of vyākaraṇic oxymoroṇ: The notion of anvarthasaṃjñā. [REVIEW]Emilie Aussant - 2007 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 35 (2):133-147.
    The anvartha-saṃjñā compound associates two contradictory terms: anvartha, which means “[used] in conformity with his [etymological/first] meaning”, and saṃjñā which implies the idea of a convention; it therefore appears to be quite intriguing. The question is: is it relevant to focus on this contradiction or is it only a false problem? The aim of this paper is to answer the above question and this implies to grasp somewhat better the use of this notion by the Pāṇinian grammarians. To do so, (...)
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  13. Saying the Unsayable.Chien-Hsing Ho - 2006 - Philosophy East and West 56 (3):409-427.
    A number of traditional philosophers and religious thinkers advocated an ineffability thesis to the effect that the ultimate reality cannot be expressed as it truly is by human concepts and words. However, if X is ineffable, the question arises as to how words can be used to gesture toward it. We can't even say that X is unsayable, because in doing so, we would have made it sayable. In this article, I examine the solution offered by the fifth-century Indian grammarian-philosopher (...)
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Nirukta/Etyomology
  1. The Literal/Non-Literal Distinction in Indian Philosophy.Malcolm Keating - 2016 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Article lays out the conceptual space for Indian theorizing about literal and non-literal meaning by way of each of these three textual traditions. Since the article’s structure is topical rather than historical, a chronology of major figures is appended to help orient readers. The focus of the article is the period demarcated roughly from 200 CE to 1300 CE, often characterized as the Classical Period of Indian philosophy.
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  2. Book Review The Journal of Oriental Research, Madras, 2010-2012 edited by Dr V Kameswari, Dr K S Balasubramanian, and Dr T V Vasudeva.Swami Narasimhananda - 2014 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 119 (8):504.
    The Journal of Oriental Research was started in 1927 by Prof. S Kuppuswami Sastri, who was also the founder of the Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute. Originally an annual journal, its regularity has been disturbed due to financial difficulties. Th e present issue comprises volumes eighty-three to eighty-four and has been funded by the Dr V Raghavan Memorial Endowment.
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  3. तत्त्वज्ञान, ब्रह्मज्ञान आणि दर्शन Tattvanjan, Brahmjnan and Darsan.Shriniwas Hemade - 2014 - In Girish Kuber & Abhijit Tamhane (eds.), Article in weekly column daily Loksatta in Maharashtra (Indian Express Group). Indian Express Group. pp. 6.
    तत्त्वज्ञान, ब्रह्मज्ञान आणि दर्शन is the 13 article of the weekly column in Daily Loksatta, Marathi publication of Indian Express Group India. The Column is entitled as Tattvabhan तत्त्वभान – A Philosophical Counsciousness. Present article is published on 27th March 2014, explains the meaning and usage of the three terms mentioned in the Title. – Dr. Shriniwas Hemade – Author, [email protected].
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Indian Linguistic Philosophy, Misc
  1. चेतना की तार्किक संरचना (व्यवहार, व्यक्तित्व, तर्कसंगतता, उच्च आदेश सोचा, जानबूझकर) The Logical Structure of Consciousness (behavior, personality, rationality, higher order thought, intentionality)(2019).Michael Richard Starks - 2020 - In पृथ्वी पर नर्क में आपका स्वागत है: शिशुओं, जलवायु परिवर्तन, बिटकॉइन, कार्टेल, चीन, लोकतंत्र, विविधता, समानता, हैकर्स, मानव अधिकार, इस्लाम, उदारवाद, समृद्धि, वेब, अराजकता, भुखमरी, बीमारी, हिंसा, कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता, युद्ध. Ls Vegas, NV USA: Reality Press. pp. 2-9.
    गुमनामी में आधी सदी के बाद, चेतना की प्रकृति अब व्यवहार विज्ञान और दर्शन में सबसे विषय है. 1930 में लुडविग Wittgenstein के अग्रणी काम के साथ शुरुआत (ब्लू और ब्राउन पुस्तकें) और 50 से अपने तार्किक उत्तराधिकारी जॉन Searle द्वारा वर्तमान के लिए, मैं इस अध्ययन को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए एक heuristic के रूप में निम्नलिखित तालिका बनाया है. पंक्तियाँ विभिन्न पहलुओं या अध्ययन के तरीके दिखाते हैं और कॉलम अनैच्छिक प्रक्रियाओं और स्वैच्छिक व्यवहार को दिखाते हैं जिसमें (...)
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  2. History of Indian philosophy.Purusottama Bilimoria (ed.) - 2017 - New York, Abingdon UK: Routledge Taylor & Francis Palgrave.
    The History of Indian Philosophy is a comprehensive and authoritative examination of the movements and thinkers that have shaped Indian philosophy over the last three thousand years. An outstanding team of international contributors provide fifty-eight accessible chapters, organis[=z]ed into three clear parts: knowledge, context, concepts philosophical traditions engaging and encounters: modern and postmodern. This outstanding collection is essential reading for students of Indian philosophy. It will also be of interest to those seeking to explore the lasting significance of this rich (...)
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  3. Interpretations or Interventions? Indian philosophy in the global cosmopolis.Christian Coseru - 2018 - In Purushottama Bilimoria (ed.), History of Indian philosophy. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 3–14.
    This introduction concerns the place that Indian philosophical literature should occupy in the history of philosophy, and the challenge of championing pre-modern modes of inquiry in an era when philosophy, at least in the anglophone world and its satellites, has in large measure become a highly specialized and technical discipline conceived on the model of the sciences. This challenge is particularly acute when philosophical figures and texts that are historically and culturally distant from us are engaged not only exegetically but (...)
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  4. Roy Tzohar, A Yogācāra Buddhist Theory of Metaphor. [REVIEW]Malcolm Keating - 2018 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 201808.
    Indian philosophy has a history of sophisticated linguistic analysis (Pāṇini's grammar being the usual example), which includes theories of reference, polysemy, ellipsis, sentential unity, figurative language, and more. Roy Tzohar's A Yogācāra Buddhist Theory of Metaphor is a sustained argument for attending both to the intertextual nature of Indian philosophy and to the philosophical importance of topics such as metaphor and figurative language. Tzohar's central thesis is that Sthiramati, a fifth- or sixth-century CE Indian Buddhist thinker, has a theory of (...)
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  5. A Yogacara Buddhist Theory of Metaphor.Roy Tzohar - 2018 - New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
    The Yogacara school of Buddhist thought claims that all language-use is metaphorical. Exploring the profound implications of this assertion, Roy Tzhoar makes the case for viewing the Yogacara account as a full-fledged theory of meaning, one that is not merely linguistic, but also applicable both in the world and in texts.
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  6. Language, Meaning, and Use in Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Mukula's “Fundamentals of the Communicative Function”.Malcolm Keating - 2019 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic. Edited by Mukulabhaṭṭa.
    This introduction brings to life the main themes in Indian philosophy of language by using an accessible translation of an Indian classical text to provide an entry into the world of Indian linguistic theories. -/- Malcolm Keating draws on Mukula's Fundamentals of the Communicative Function to show the ability of language to convey a wide range of meanings and introduce ideas about testimony, pragmatics, and religious implications. Along with a complete translation of this foundational text, Keating also provides: - Clear (...)
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  7. The Literal/Non-Literal Distinction in Indian Philosophy.Malcolm Keating - 2016 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Article lays out the conceptual space for Indian theorizing about literal and non-literal meaning by way of each of these three textual traditions. Since the article’s structure is topical rather than historical, a chronology of major figures is appended to help orient readers. The focus of the article is the period demarcated roughly from 200 CE to 1300 CE, often characterized as the Classical Period of Indian philosophy.
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  8. (Close) the Door, the King (Is Going): The Development of Elliptical Resolution in Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsā.Malcolm Keating - 2017 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 45 (5):911-938.
    This paper examines three commentaries on the Śabdapariccheda in Kumārila Bhaṭṭa’s Ślokavārttika, along with the the seventeenth century Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsā work, the Mānameyodaya. The focus is the Mīmāṃsā principle that only sentences communicate qualified meanings and Kumārila’s discussion of a potential counter-example to this claim–single words which appear to communicate such content. I argue that there is some conflict among commentators over precisely what Kumārila describes with the phrase sāmarthyād anumeyetvād, although he is most likely describing ellipsis completion through arthāpatti. (...)
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  9. Metonymy and Metaphor as Verbal Postulation: The Epistemic Status of Non-Literal Speech in Indian Philosophy.Malcolm Keating - 2017 - Journal of World Philosophies 2 (1):67-80.
    In this paper, I examine Kumārila Bha ṭṭ a's account of figurative language in Tantravārttika 1.4.11-17, arguing that, for him, both metonymy and metaphor crucially involve verbal postulation, a knowledge-conducive cognitive process which draws connections between concepts without appeal to speaker intention, but through compositional and contextual elements. It is with the help of this cognitive process that we can come to have knowledge of what is meant by a sentence in context. In addition, the paper explores the relationship between (...)
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  10. The Cow is to be Tied Up: Sort-Shifting in Classical Indian Philosophy.Keating Malcolm - 2013 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 30 (4):311-332.
    This paper undertakes textual exegesis and rational reconstruction of Mukula Bhaṭṭa’s Abhidhā-vṛttta-mātṛkā, or “The Fundamentals of the Communicative Function.” The treatise was written to refute Ānandavardhana’s claim, made in the Dhvanyāloka, that there is a third “power” of words, vyañjanā (suggestion), beyond the two already accepted by traditional Indian philosophy: abhidhā (denotation) and lakṣaṇā(indication).1 I argue that the explanation of lakṣaṇā as presented in his text contains internal tensions, although it may still be a compelling response to Ānandavardhana.
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  11. Book Review The Journal of Oriental Research, Madras, 2010-2012 edited by Dr V Kameswari, Dr K S Balasubramanian, and Dr T V Vasudeva.Swami Narasimhananda - 2014 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 119 (8):504.
    The Journal of Oriental Research was started in 1927 by Prof. S Kuppuswami Sastri, who was also the founder of the Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute. Originally an annual journal, its regularity has been disturbed due to financial difficulties. Th e present issue comprises volumes eighty-three to eighty-four and has been funded by the Dr V Raghavan Memorial Endowment.
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  12. Forerunners of Malayalam Literature.Swami Narasimhananda - 2010 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 115 (9):525-529.
    A brief survey of the pioneers of Malayalam literature.
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