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Intuitionism and Constructivism

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  1. T. Achourioti & M. van Lambalgen (forthcoming). A Formalisation of Kant's Transcendental Logic. Review of Symbolic Logic.
    Although Kant envisaged a prominent role for logic in the argumentative structure of his Critique of pure reason, logicians and philosophers have generally judged Kant's logic negatively. What Kant called `general' or `formal' logic has been dismissed as a fairly arbitrary subsystem of first order logic, and what he called `transcendental logic' is considered to be not a logic at all: no syntax, no semantics, no definition of validity. Against this, we argue that Kant's `transcendental logic' is a logic in (...)
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  2. Alice Ambrose (1933). A Controversy in the Logic of Mathematics. Philosophical Review 42 (6):594-611.
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  3. Michael A. Arbib (1990). A Piagetian Perspective on Mathematical Construction. Synthese 84 (1):43 - 58.
    In this paper, we offer a Piagetian perspective on the construction of the logico-mathematical schemas which embody our knowledge of logic and mathematics. Logico-mathematical entities are tied to the subject's activities, yet are so constructed by reflective abstraction that they result from sensorimotor experience only via the construction of intermediate schemas of increasing abstraction. The axiom set does not exhaust the cognitive structure (schema network) which the mathematician thus acquires. We thus view truth not as something to be defined within (...)
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  4. Jeremy Avigad & Jeffrey Helzner (2002). Transfer Principles in Nonstandard Intuitionistic Arithmetic. Archive for Mathematical Logic 41 (6):581-602.
    Using a slight generalization, due to Palmgren, of sheaf semantics, we present a term-model construction that assigns a model to any first-order intuitionistic theory. A modification of this construction then assigns a nonstandard model to any theory of arithmetic, enabling us to reproduce conservation results of Moerdijk and Palmgren for nonstandard Heyting arithmetic. Internalizing the construction allows us to strengthen these results with additional transfer rules; we then show that even trivial transfer axioms or minor strengthenings of these rules destroy (...)
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  5. Helen Billinge (2003). Did Bishop Have a Philosophy of Mathematics? Philosophia Mathematica 11 (2).
    When Bishop published Foundations of Constructive Analysis he showed that it was possible to do ordinary analysis within a constructive framework. Bishop's reasons for doing his mathematics constructively are explicitly philosophical. In this paper, I will expound, examine, and amplify his philosophical arguments for constructivism in mathematics. In the end, however, I argue that Bishop's philosophical comments cannot be rounded out into an adequate philosophy of constructive mathematics.
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  6. Anthony Birch (2007). Waismann's Critique of Wittgenstein. Analysis and Metaphysics 6 (2007):263-272.
    Friedrich Waismann, a little-known mathematician and onetime student of Wittgenstein's, provides answers to problems that vexed Wittgenstein in his attempt to explicate the foundations of mathematics through an analysis of its practice. Waismann argues in favor of mathematical intuition and the reality of infinity with a Wittgensteinian twist. Waismann's arguments lead toward an approach to the foundation of mathematics that takes into consideration the language and practice of experts.
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  7. Michel J. Blais (1989). A Pragmatic Analysis of Mathematical Realism and Intuitionism. Philosophia Mathematica (1):61-85.
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  8. D. S. Bridges (1987). Varieties of Constructive Mathematics. Cambridge University Press.
    This is an introduction to, and survey of, the constructive approaches to pure mathematics. The authors emphasise the viewpoint of Errett Bishop's school, but intuitionism. Russian constructivism and recursive analysis are also treated, with comparisons between the various approaches included where appropriate. Constructive mathematics is now enjoying a revival, with interest from not only logicans but also category theorists, recursive function theorists and theoretical computer scientists. This account for non-specialists in these and other disciplines.
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  9. Laura Crosilla & Peter Schuster (2005). From Sets and Types to Topology and Analysis: Towards Practicable Foundations for Constructive Mathematics. Oxford University Press.
    This edited collection bridges the foundations and practice of constructive mathematics and focuses on the contrast between the theoretical developments, which have been most useful for computer science (ie: constructive set and type theories), and more specific efforts on constructive analysis, algebra and topology. Aimed at academic logician, mathematicians, philosophers and computer scientists with contributions from leading researchers, it is up to date, highly topical and broad in scope.
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  10. E. B. Davies (2005). A Defence of Mathematical Pluralism. Philosophia Mathematica 13 (3):252-276.
    We approach the philosophy of mathematics via a discussion of the differences between classical mathematics and constructive mathematics, arguing that each is a valid activity within its own context.
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  11. David Dedivi (2004). Choice Principles and Constructive Logics. Philosophia Mathematica 12 (3).
    to constructive systems is significant for contemporary metaphysics. However, many are surprised by these results, having learned that the Axiom of Choice (AC) is constructively valid. Indeed, even among specialists there were, until recently, reasons for puzzlement-rival versions of Intuitionistic Type Theory, one where (AC) is valid, another where it implies classical logic. This paper accessibly explains the situation, puts the issues in a broader setting by considering other choice principles, and draws philosophical morals for the understanding of quantification, choice (...)
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  12. Michael Detlefsen (1995). Wright on the Non-Mechanizability of Intuitionist Reasoning. Philosophia Mathematica 3 (1):103-119.
    Crispin Wright joins the ranks of those who have sought to refute mechanist theories of mind by invoking Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. His predecessors include Gödel himself, J. R. Lucas and, most recently, Roger Penrose. The aim of this essay is to show that, like his predecessors, Wright, too, fails to make his case, and that, indeed, he fails to do so even when judged by standards of success which he himself lays down.
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  13. Michael Dummett (1998). Truth From the Constructive Standpoint. Theoria 64 (2-3):122-138.
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  14. Michael A. E. Dummett (2000). Elements of Intuitionism. Oxford University Press.
    This is a long-awaited new edition of one of the best known Oxford Logic Guides. The book gives an informal but thorough introduction to intuitionistic mathematics, leading the reader gently through the fundamental mathematical and philosophical concepts. The treatment of various topics has been completely revised for this second edition. Brouwer's proof of the Bar Theorem has been reworked, the account of valuation systems simplified, and the treatment of generalized Beth Trees and the completeness of intuitionistic first-order logic rewritten. Readers (...)
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  15. William J. Edgar (1973). Is Intuitionism the Epistemically Serious Foundation for Mathematics? Philosophia Mathematica (2):113-133.
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  16. Solomon Feferman (2008). Lieber Herr Bernays!, Lieber Herr Gödel! Gödel on Finitism, Constructivity and Hilbert's Program. Dialectica 62 (2: Table of Contents"/> Select):179–203.
    This is a survey of Gödel's perennial preoccupations with the limits of finitism, its relations to constructivity, and the significance of his incompleteness theorems for Hilbert's program, using his published and unpublished articles and lectures as well as the correspondence between Bernays and Gödel on these matters. There is also an important subtext, namely the shadow of Hilbert that loomed over Gödel from the beginning to the end.
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  17. Peter Fletcher (2002). A Constructivist Perspective on Physics. Philosophia Mathematica 10 (1).
    This paper examines the problem of extending the programme of mathematical constructivism to applied mathematics. I am not concerned with the question of whether conventional mathematical physics makes essential use of the principle of excluded middle, but rather with the more fundamental question of whether the concept of physical infinity is constructively intelligible. I consider two kinds of physical infinity: a countably infinite constellation of stars and the infinitely divisible space-time continuum. I argue (contrary to Hellman) that these do not. (...)
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  18. Gerhard Heinzmann & Giuseppina Ronzitti (2006). Constructivism: Mathematics, Logic, Philosophy and Linguistics.
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  19. Geoffrey Hellman (2006). Pluralism and the Foundations of Mathematics. In ¸ Itekellersetal:Sp.
    A plurality of approaches to foundational aspects of mathematics is a fact of life. Two loci of this are discussed here, the classicism/constructivism controversy over standards of proof, and the plurality of universes of discourse for mathematics arising in set theory and in category theory, whose problematic relationship is discussed. The first case illustrates the hypothesis that a sufficiently rich subject matter may require a multiplicity of approaches. The second case, while in some respects special to mathematics, raises issues of (...)
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  20. Charles F. Kielkopf (1995). ‘Surveyablity’ Should Not Be Formalized. Philosophia Mathematica 3 (2):175-178.
    There is a review of how Mark Addis has made a case that it would require great effort for scant philosophical profit to formalize a notion of surveyability as a metamathematical predicate demarcating strict finitistic mathematics. It is then suggested how the notion of surveyability is useful in informal philosophizing about mathematics.
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  21. Sten Lindström & Erik Palmgren (2009). Introduction: The Three Foundational Programmes. In Sten Lindström, Erik Palmgren, Krister Segerberg & Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen (eds.), Logicism, Intuitionism and Formalism: What has become of them? Springer.
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  22. Sten Lindström, Erik Palmgren, Krister Segerberg & Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen (2009). Logicism, Intuitionism, and Formalism - What has Become of Them? Springer.
    These questions are addressed in this volume by leading mathematical logicians and philosophers of mathematics.A special section is concerned with constructive ...
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  23. Ofra Magidor (forthcoming). Strict Finitism and the Happy Sorites. Journal of Philosophical Logic.
    Call an argument a ‘happy sorites’ if it is a sorites argument with true premises and a false conclusion. It is a striking fact that although most philosophers working on the sorites paradox find it at prima facie highly compelling that the premises of the sorites paradox are true and its conclusion false, few (if any) of the standard theories on the issue ultimately allow for happy sorites arguments. There is one philosophical view, however, that appears to allow for at (...)
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  24. Ofra Magidor (2007). Strict Finitism Refuted? Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 107 (1pt3):403-411.
    In his paper ‘Wang’s Paradox’, Michael Dummett provides an argument for why strict finitism in mathematics is internally inconsistent and therefore an untenable position. Dummett’s argument proceeds by making two claims: (1) Strict finitism is committed to the claim that there are sets of natural numbers which are closed under the successor operation but nonetheless have an upper bound; (2) Such a commitment is inconsistent, even by finitistic standards. -/- In this paper I claim that Dummett’s argument fails. I question (...)
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  25. K. Mainzer (1972). Mathematischer Konstruktivismus Im Lichte-Kantischer Philosophie. Philosophia Mathematica (1):3-26.
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  26. Charles McCarty (2008). Intuitionism and Logical Syntax. Philosophia Mathematica 16 (1):56-77.
    , Rudolf Carnap became a chief proponent of the doctrine that the statements of intuitionism carry nonstandard intuitionistic meanings. This doctrine is linked to Carnap's ‘Principle of Tolerance’ and claims he made on behalf of his notion of pure syntax. From premises independent of intuitionism, we argue that the doctrine, the Principle, and the attendant claims are mistaken, especially Carnap's repeated insistence that, in defining languages, logicians are free of commitment to mathematical statements intuitionists would reject. I am grateful to (...)
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  27. Michael Potter (1998). Classical Arithmetic as Part of Intuitionistic Arithmetic. Grazer Philosophische Studien 55:127-41.
    Argues that classical arithmetic can be viewed as a proper part of intuitionistic arithmetic. Suggests that this largely neutralizes Dummett's argument for intuitionism in the case of arithmetic.
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  28. Andrzej Sendlewski (1995). Axiomatic Extensions of the Constructive Logic with Strong Negation and the Disjunction Property. Studia Logica 55 (3):377 - 388.
    We study axiomatic extensions of the propositional constructive logic with strong negation having the disjunction property in terms of corresponding to them varieties of Nelson algebras. Any such varietyV is characterized by the property: (PQWC) ifA,B V, thenA×B is a homomorphic image of some well-connected algebra ofV.We prove:• each varietyV of Nelson algebras with PQWC lies in the fibre –1(W) for some varietyW of Heyting algebras having PQWC, • for any varietyW of Heyting algebras with PQWC the least and the (...)
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  29. Stewart Shapiro & William W. Taschek (1996). ``Intuitionism, Pluralism, and Cognitive Command". Journal of Philosophy 20 (2):74-88.
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  30. Ivahn Smadja (2010). How Discrete Patterns Emerge From Algorithmic Fine-Tuning: A Visual Plea for Kroneckerian Finitism. Topoi 29 (1):61-75.
    This paper sets out to adduce visual evidence for Kroneckerian finitism by making perspicuous some of the insights that buttress Kronecker’s conception of arithmetization as a process aiming at disclosing the arithmetical essence enshrined in analytical formulas, by spotting discrete patterns through algorithmic fine-tuning. In the light of a fairly tractable case study, it is argued that Kronecker’s main tenet in philosophy of mathematics is not so much an ontological as a methodological one, inasmuch as highly demanding requirements regarding mathematical (...)
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  31. Nobu-Yuki Suzuki (2003). Halldén-Completeness in Super-Intuitionistic Predicate Logics. Studia Logica 73 (1):113 - 130.
    One criterion of constructive logics is the disjunction, property (DP). The Halldén-completeness is a weak DP, and is related to the relevance principle and variable separation. This concept is well-understood in the case of propositional logics. We extend this notion to predicate logics. Then three counterparts naturally arise. We discuss relationships between these properties and meet-irreducibility in the lattice of logics.
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  32. W. W. Tait (1983). Against Intuitionism: Constructive Mathematics is Part of Classical Mathematics. Journal of Philosophical Logic 12 (2):173 - 195.
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  33. Kai F. Wehmeier (1996). Classical and Intuitionistic Models of Arithmetic. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 37 (3):452-461.
    Given a classical theory T, a Kripke model K for the language L of T is called T-normal or locally PA just in case the classical L-structure attached to each node of K is a classical model of T. Van Dalen, Mulder, Krabbe, and Visser showed that Kripke models of Heyting Arithmetic (HA) over finite frames are locally PA, and that Kripke models of HA over frames ordered like the natural numbers contain infinitely many PA-nodes. We show that Kripke models (...)
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