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Summary

The problem of quantum nonlocality emerged for the first time in the famous Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument against the orthodox (Copenhagen) interpretation of quantum mechanics. The EPR argument employs an entangled state of two particles in which the position and momentum of one particle are correlated respectively with the position and momentum of the other particle regardless of their spatial separation. Under the assumption that quantum mechanics is complete it follows that a measurement of a selected quantity on one particle instantaneously (superluminally) changes the state of the other particle, and this constitutes a standard example of nonlocal quantum correlations. The notion of quantum nonlocality plays an important role in Bell’s theorem, where the joint assumption of locality and realism of properties is shown to have a consequence violating quantum-mechanical predictions. It is common to distinguish two types of quantum nonlocality: outcome dependence and parameter dependence. Only the former is believed to be necessary to account for the predictions of standard quantum mechanics. Modern discussions of quantum nonlocality often rely on the general framework of modal logic, and in particular the logic of counterfactual conditionals.

Key works

The EPR argument in its standard version is laid out in the classic article Einstein et al 1935 . Bell’s theorem and its philosophical consequences are discussed in the seminal papers on the foundation of quantum mechanics collected in Bell 1987. The distinction between the two main types of quantum nonlocality is made in Jarrett 1984.

Introductions  Maudlin 1994, Berkovitz 2008
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  1. Everettian Branching in the World and of the World.Nadia Blackshaw, Nick Huggett & James Ladyman - manuscript
    This paper investigates the formation and propagation of wavefunction `branches' through the process of entanglement with the environment. While this process is a consequence of unitary dynamics, and hence significant to many if not all approaches to quantum theory, it plays a central role in many recent articulations of the Everett or `many worlds' interpretation. A highly idealized model of a locally interacting system and environment is described, and investigated in several situations in which branching occurs, including those involving Bell (...)
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  2. Contrafácticos cuánticos: aproximación lógico-filosófica a las medidas cuánticas sin interacción.Jose Alejandro Fernandez Cuesta & Carmen Sánchez Ovcharov - 2023 - Revista Colombiana de Filosofía de la Ciencia 23 (46):313-337.
    Este artículo presenta una aproximación lógico-filosófica al problema de las medidas sin interacción (ifm, por sus siglas en inglés) presentes en ciertos experimentos físicos mecánico-cuánticos. Se explicitarán tanto las posibles vías para abordar el estudio de las IFM desde una perspectiva formal, como algunos de los principales retos a la hora de llevar a cabo dicha aproximación.
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  3. The Argument from Locality for Many Worlds Quantum Mechanics.Alyssa Ney - forthcoming - Journal of Philosophy.
    One motivation for preferring the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics over realist rivals, such as collapse and hidden variables theories, is that the interpretation is able to preserve locality (in the sense of no action at a distance) in a way these other theories cannot. The primary goal of this paper is to make this argument for the many worlds interpretation precise, in a way that does not rely on controversial assumptions about the metaphysics of many worlds.
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  4. ميتافيزيقا في المعمل: التشابك الكمي: من الفلسفة إلى الفيزياء.Salah Osman - manuscript
    في الرابع من أكتوبر (2022)، أعلنت الأكاديمية الملكية السويدية للعلوم في ستوكهولم منح جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء لثلاثة فيزيائيين من جنسيات مختلفة؛ هم: الفرنسي «آلان أسبيه»، والأمريكي «جون فرانسيس كلاوزر»، والنمسوي «أنطون تسايلينغر»، تقديرًا لتجاربهم الرائدة في ميدان ميكانيكا الكم، وبصفة خاصة على صعيد ما يُعرف بالفوتونات المتشابكة، ما يُمهد الطريق لتقنيات جديدة في الحوسبة الكمومية والاتصالات فائقة الأمان. لفهم ما يعنيه هذا، ولماذا اكتسب عملهم هذه الأهمية، نحتاج إلى فهم كيف حسمت هذه التجارب نقاشًا طويل الأمد بين علماء الفيزياء. (...)
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  5. This Year's Nobel Prize (2022) in Physics for Entanglement and Quantum Information: the New Revolution in Quantum Mechanics and Science.Vasil Penchev - 2023 - Philosophy of Science eJournal (Elsevier: SSRN) 18 (33):1-68.
    The paper discusses this year’s Nobel Prize in physics for experiments of entanglement “establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science” in a much wider, including philosophical context legitimizing by the authority of the Nobel Prize a new scientific area out of “classical” quantum mechanics relevant to Pauli’s “particle” paradigm of energy conservation and thus to the Standard model obeying it. One justifies the eventual future theory of quantum gravitation as belonging to the newly established quantum information (...)
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  6. Entanglement measures for two-particle quantum histories.Danko D. Georgiev & Eliahu Cohen - 2022 - Physical Review A 106 (6):062437.
    Quantum entanglement is a key resource, which grants quantum systems the ability to accomplish tasks that are classically impossible. Here, we apply Feynman's sum-over-histories formalism to interacting bipartite quantum systems and introduce entanglement measures for bipartite quantum histories. Based on the Schmidt decomposition of the matrix comprised of the Feynman propagator complex coefficients, we prove that bipartite quantum histories are entangled if and only if the Schmidt rank of this matrix is larger than 1. The proposed approach highlights the utility (...)
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  7. Tim Maudlin: Philosophy of Physics: Quantum Theory.Róbert Maco - 2020 - Filozofia 75 (6):500-504.
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  8. What’s It Like to Be a Universe: Implications of Being In, Of, and About a Brain, or a Speculative Panconsciousness Approach to Quantum Nonlocality.David Robert Gruber - 2022 - Journal of Speculative Philosophy 36 (3):323-339.
    ABSTRACT The problem of quantum nonlocality references instantaneous entanglements happening between particles at great distances, putting under question physical assumptions about time and local effects. Despite a wide range of proposed solutions in physics, the problem persists; however, due to the recent interest in panconsciousness and panpsychism in philosophy as well as numerous suggestions that consciousness and quantum physics are intimately related, I argue in favor of thinking strange quantum effects—and nonlocality as case in point—in lieu of conscious activity happening (...)
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  9. Can the entanglement be considered a basic concept of quantum mechanics?Canio Noce, Lidia Truda & Alberto Trotta - 2022 - Science and Philosophy 10 (1):57-69.
    Recently, several experimental tests devoted to quantitatively establish complementarity relations in quantum systems have been reported. Starting from the results of fully quantum single-particle self-nterference experiments, we critically review the concept of entanglement, arguing that this quantity is a peculiar trait of composite quantum systems, and thus it can be looked as a basic concept of quantum mechanics.
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  10. Structuralist approaches to Bohmian mechanics.Lorenzo Lorenzetti - 2022 - Synthese 200 (1):1-15.
    Lam and Esfeld have argued that, within Bohmian mechanics, the wave function can be interpreted as a physical structure instantiated by the fundamental particles posited by the theory. Further, to characterize the nature of this structure, they appeal to the framework of Ontic Structural Realism, thereby proposing a structuralist interpretation of Bohmian mechanics. However, I shall point out that OSR denotes a family of distinct views, each of which maintains a different account about the relation between structures and objects, and (...)
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  11. Three Arguments from Science *for* Free Will.Paul Merriam - manuscript
    I give three brief scientifically informed arguments that free will is causally efficacious over-and-above the efficaciousness of its physical substrate. (This is a second attempt at putting it up on PhilPapers--there seems to have been some problem with downloading the previous version.).
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  12. What Entanglement Might Be Telling Us: Space, Quantum Mechanics, and Bohm's Fish Tank.Ismael Jenann - 2020 - In David Glick, George Darby & Marmodoro Anna (eds.), The Foundation of Reality: Fundamentality, Space, and Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 139-153.
  13. Fragmental Presentism and Quantum Mechanics.Paul Merriam - 2021
    This paper develops a Fragmentalist theory of Presentism and shows how it can help to develop a interpretation of quantum mechanics. There are several fragmental interpretations of physics. In the interpretation of this paper, each quantum system forms a fragment, and fragment f1 makes a measurement on fragment f2 if and only if f2 makes a corresponding measurement on f1. The main idea is then that each fragment has its own present (or ‘now’) until a mutual quantum measurement—at which time (...)
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  14. The Josephson Junction.Ilexa Yardley - 2021 - Https://Medium.Com/the-Circular-Theory.
    What the Josephson Junction proves. The Josephson-Yardley 'connection.'.
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  15. Eliminating the Speed of Light as a ‘Constant’.Ilexa Yardley - 2021 - Https://Medium.Com/the-Circular-Theory.
    Conservation of a Circle is the core dynamic, and, therefore, the only 'constant' in Nature.
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  16. The Literal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.Ilexa Yardley - 2021 - Intelligent Design Center.
  17. Humean supervenience and tripartite entanglement relations.Lorenzo Lorenzetti - 2020 - Axiomathes 1:1-15.
    It has been argued that Humean Supervenience is threatened by the existence of quantum entanglement relations. The most conservative strategy for defending HS is to add the problematic entanglement relations to the supervenience basis, alongside spatiotemporal relations. In this paper, I’m going to argue against this strategy by showing how certain particular cases of tripartite entanglement states – i.e. GHZ states – posit some crucial problems for this amended version of HS. Moreover, I will show that the principle of free (...)
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  18. From the 'Free Will Theorems' to the 'Choice Ontology' of Quantum Mechanics.Vasil Penchev - 2020 - Philosophy of Science eJournal (Elsevier: SSRN) 13 (33):1-10.
    If the concept of “free will” is reduced to that of “choice” all physical world share the latter quality. Anyway the “free will” can be distinguished from the “choice”: The “free will” involves implicitly certain preliminary goal, and the choice is only the mean, by which it can be achieved or not by the one who determines the goal. Thus, for example, an electron has always a choice but not free will unlike a human possessing both. Consequently, and paradoxically, the (...)
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  19. On quantum entanglement, counterfactuals, causality and dispositions.Tomasz Bigaj - 2020 - Synthese 197 (10):4161-4185.
    The existence of non-local correlations between outcomes of measurements in quantum entangled systems strongly suggests that we are dealing with some form of causation here. An assessment of this conjecture in the context of the collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics is the primary goal of this paper. Following the counterfactual approach to causation, I argue that the details of the underlying causal mechanism which could explain the non-local correlations in entangled states strongly depend on the adopted semantics for counterfactuals. Several (...)
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  20. Reasonable Inferences From Quantum Mechanics: A Response to “Quantum Misuse in Psychic Literature”.Bernardo Kastrup - 2019 - Journal of Near-Death Studies 37 (3):185-200.
    This invited article is a response to the paper “Quantum Misuse in Psychic Literature,” by Jack A. Mroczkowski and Alexis P. Malozemoff, published in this issue of the Journal of Near-Death Studies. Whereas I sympathize with Mroczkowski’s and Malozemoff’s cause and goals, and I recognize the problem they attempted to tackle, I argue that their criticisms often overshot the mark and end up adding to the confusion. I address nine specific technical points that Mroczkowski and Malozemoff accused popular writers in (...)
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  21. Quantum Mechanics versus Special Relativity: A forgotten conflict.Rafael Andrés Alemañ Berenguer - 2008 - Dissertation, University of Alicante
    Despite the widespread assumptions on the compatibility between non-relativistic quantum mechanics and special relativity, there still remains a considerable amount of unresolved problems to which few authors explicitly pay attention. Most of them involve the aim of coherently achieving a relativistic description of quantum collapses and quantum entanglements. These processes seem to challenge our present picture of the physical world in terms of space-time structures.
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  22. GHZ States as Tripartite PR Boxes: Classical Limit and Retrocausality.Daniel Rohrlich & Guy Hetzroni - 2018 - Entropy 20 (6):478.
    We review an argument that bipartite "PR-box" correlations, though designed to respect relativistic causality, in fact violate relativistic causality in the classical limit. As a test of this argument, we consider Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) correlations as a tripartite version of PR-box correlations, and ask whether the argument extends to GHZ correlations. If it does-i.e., if it shows that GHZ correlations violate relativistic causality in the classical limit-then the argument must be incorrect (since GHZ correlations do respect relativistic causality in the classical (...)
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  23. Review of "Philosophy of physics: Quantum theory" by T. Maudlin (Princeton University Press, 2019). [REVIEW]Antonio Vassallo - 2019 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
  24. A new theory of time.Paul Merriam - manuscript
    This article proposes an interpretation of time that incorporates both McTaggart's A-series and his B-series, and tries to cast it in a role that could be useful to physicists. This AB-series allows one, to reconcile special relativity with temporal becoming if the latter is understood as 'ontologically private', which is given a mathematical definition. This allows one to define a unit of becoming, as well as the rates of becoming. This article gives a picture of this interpretation.
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  25. (April 2019) Gabriel Vacariu “Why so many people (from so many countries/domains/on so many topics) have already plagiarized my ideas?”.Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    Since 2015, incredible many have published UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas to my ideas published between 2002-2008!!! There were others who published UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas to my ideas even earlier (since 2008, in general), but the number has an incredible jump after 2014. Why? In 2014, I have sent emails to thousands of people (many countries, many domains (Physics, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science)) regarding the UNBELIEVABLE similarities between my ideas (2002-2008) and Markus Gabriel’s ideas (his book from 2013). Is it this a (...)
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  26. UNBELIEVABLE similarities between Boge’s ideas (2019) and my ideas (2002-2008) on quantu mechanics.Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    In this paper I investigate the UNBELIEVABLE similarities between Boge’s ideas (2019) and my ideas on quantum mechanics… The author wrote his paper in an UNBELIEVABLE similar framework to my EDWs perspective! Many of his ideas are UNBELIEVABLE similar to my ideas from 2002-2007!!! -/- .
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  27. (2019 + 2017) Strong similarity between Carlo Rovelli’s ideas in two books (2015, 2017) to my ideas (2002-2008) + commentary February 2018.Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    After 2015, carlo rovelli continues to publish more and more UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas to my ideas!!! His arguments are UNBELIEVABLE similar to my arguments… Until 2015, carlo rovelli had been working within the unicorn world; then he realized a sudden change! I let the reader to understand carlo rovelli’s step after 2015 since I mentioned that my book at Springer has been published in November 2015!! Anyway, I have published FIVE books (2008-2014) with my EDWs, and in 2007, my entire (...)
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  28. (2019) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between Oreshkov et al.’s ideas/framework (2013) and my EDWs.Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    I investigate the UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of Oreshkov et al. and my ideas. In fact, their framework (the ontological background) is UNBELIEVABLE similar to my EDWs perspective!
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  29. (March 2019) UNBELEVABLE similarities between Chiribella et al. (2008, 2013)’s ideas/framework and my ideas/framework (i.e., the EDWs).Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    In this paper, I investigate the UNBELIEVABLE similarities between Chiribella et al.’ ideas and my ideas. My main question is: “How was it possible these authors to elaborate their thought experiments without having an ontological background? The answer would be: there are geniuses, of course….
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  30. (March 2019) Gabriel Vacariu: UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas of Brukner (2015) on quantum mechanics and my ideas (2002-2006).Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    In this article, I investigate the UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas of Brukner’s article (2015) and my ideas (2002-2008) In this article, I investigate the UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas of Brukner’s article (2015) and my ideas (2002-2008) I emphasize that this paragraph is not from my works!! Instead of “objectivity of the ‘facts of the world’, I used EDWs! All the ideas from this paragraph (and the philosophical ideas referring to QM from this article, can be found in my works 2002-2008!
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  31. (March 2019) UNBELIEVALBE similar ideas, UNBELIEVABLE similar framework of the article on “quantum mechanics” written by Proietti et al (2019) with my EDWs (2002-2008).Gabriel Vacariu - manuscript
    (March 2019) UNBELIEVALBE similar ideas, UNBELIEVABLE similar framework of the article on “quantum mechanics” written by Proietti et al (2019) with my EDWs (2002-2008) -/- Gabriel Vacariu -/- The article that I investigate in this section is -/- (2019) Experimental rejection of observer-independence in the quantum world -/- Massimiliano Proietti,1 Alexander Pickston,1 Francesco Graffitti,1 Peter Barrow,1 Dmytro Kundys,1 Cyril Branciard,2 Martin Ringbauer,1, 3 and Alessandro Fedrizzi1 at arXiv:1902.05080v1 [quant-ph] 13 Feb 2019 -/- In the article written by Proietti et al. (...)
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  32. (August 2022 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2011-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy.Gabriel Vacariu - 2022 - Dissertation, Bucharest University
    The main ideas of the EDWs perspective are in Gabriel Vacariu’s PhD thesis posted online by UNSW (Australia) in 2007!!! I have realized the GREATEST discovery in the history of human knowledge: the EDWs! With discovering the EDWs, I have changed everything in Philosophy, Physics and Cognitive Neuroscience! This has been the main reason, so many people have published UNBELIEVABLE similar ideas to my ideas, many years I published my first works! -/- UNBELIEVABLE, many (hundreds) “great” or small thinkers did (...)
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  33. Tim Maudlin - The Metaphysics Within Physics.Emanuele Coppola - 2018 - Humana Mente 4 (13).
  34. Verständliche Quantenmechanik - Drei mögliche Weltbilder der Quantenphysik.Detlef Dürr & Dustin Lazarovici - 2018 - Springer Spektrum.
    Das vorliegende Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Physik, für die nach der Quantenmechanik-Vorlesung die wesentliche Frage offen geblieben ist: „Was sagt denn nun der mathematische Formalismus, den ich jetzt ausgiebig und ach so mühsam studiert habe, über die Natur aus?“. Bei der Suche nach der Antwort besprechen die Autoren unter anderem die modernen Quantentheorien, die von John Stuart Bell „Theorien ohne Beobachter“ genannt wurden: die Bohmsche Mechanik, die Kollaps-Theorie und die Viele-Welten-Theorie. -/- Neben zielgerichteten mathematischen Aussagen, die in Kursvorlesungen (...)
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  35. Probabilities, Causes and Propensities in Physics.Mauricio Suárez - 2010 - New York: Springer.
    Table of Contents: Preface.- 1. Introduction; Mauricio Suárez.- PART I: PROBABILITIES.- 2. Probability and time symmetry in classical Markov processes; Guido Bacciagaluppi.- 3. Probability assignments and the principle of indifference: An examination of two eliminative strategies; Sorin Bangu.- 4. Why typicality does not explain the approach to equilibrium; Roman Frigg; PART II: CAUSES.- 5. From metaphysics to physics and back: The example of causation; Federico Laudisa.- 6. On explanation in retro-causal interpretations of quantum mechanics; Joseph Berkovitz.- 7. Causal completeness in (...)
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  36. Quantum theory is not only about information.Laura Felline - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 72:256-265.
    In his recent book Bananaworld. Quantum mechanics for primates, Jeff Bub revives and provides a mature version of his influential information-theoretic interpretation of Quantum Theory (QT). In this paper, I test Bub’s conjecture that QT should be interpreted as a theory about information, by examining whether his information-theoretic interpretation has the resources to explain (or explain away) quantum conundrums. The discussion of Bub’s theses will also serve to investigate, more in general, whether other approaches succeed in defending the claim that (...)
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  37. A Study of Time in Modern Physics.Peter W. Evans - 2011 - Dissertation,
    This thesis is a study of the notion of time in modern physics, consisting of two parts. Part I takes seriously the doctrine that modern physics should be treated as the primary guide to the nature of time. To this end, it offers an analysis of the various conceptions of time that emerge in the context of various physical theories and, furthermore, an analysis of the relation between these conceptions of time and the more orthodox philosophical views on the nature (...)
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  38. Incompleteness, Nonlocality and Realism: A Prolegomenon to the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. Michael Redhead. [REVIEW]Richard A. Healey - 1991 - Philosophy of Science 58 (3):503-505.
  39. Quantum Theory and Measurement. John Archibald Wheeler, Wojciech Hubert Zurek. [REVIEW]Nancy Cartwright - 1985 - Philosophy of Science 52 (3):480-481.
  40. Semi-classical Locality for the Non-relativistic Path Integral in Configuration Space.Henrique Gomes - 2017 - Foundations of Physics 47 (9):1155-1184.
    In an accompanying paper Gomes, we have put forward an interpretation of quantum mechanics based on a non-relativistic, Lagrangian 3+1 formalism of a closed Universe M, existing on timeless configuration space \ of some field over M. However, not much was said there about the role of locality, which was not assumed. This paper is an attempt to fill that gap. Locality in full can only emerge dynamically, and is not postulated. This new understanding of locality is based solely on (...)
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  41. Idealizations, essential self-adjointness, and minimal model explanation in the Aharonov–Bohm effect.Shech Elay - 2018 - Synthese 195 (11):4839-4863.
    Two approaches to understanding the idealizations that arise in the Aharonov–Bohm effect are presented. It is argued that a common topological approach, which takes the non-simply connected electron configuration space to be an essential element in the explanation and understanding of the effect, is flawed. An alternative approach is outlined. Consequently, it is shown that the existence and uniqueness of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators in quantum mechanics have important implications for philosophical issues. Also, the alleged indispensable explanatory role of (...)
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  42. Making Sense of Bell’s Theorem and Quantum Nonlocality.Stephen Boughn - 2017 - Foundations of Physics 47 (5):640-657.
    Bell’s theorem has fascinated physicists and philosophers since his 1964 paper, which was written in response to the 1935 paper of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. Bell’s theorem and its many extensions have led to the claim that quantum mechanics and by inference nature herself are nonlocal in the sense that a measurement on a system by an observer at one location has an immediate effect on a distant entangled system. Einstein was repulsed by such “spooky action at a distance” and (...)
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  43. Relational Holism and Quantum Mechanics1.Paul Teller - 1986 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (1):71-81.
    One can give a strong sense to the idea that a relation does not 'reduce' to non-relational properties by saying that a relation does not supervene upon the non-relational properties of its relata. That there are such inherent relations I call the doctrine of relational holism, a doctrine which seems to conflict with traditional ideas about physicalism. At least parts of classical physics seem to be free of relational holism, but quantum mechanics, on at least some interpretations, incorporates the doctrine (...)
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  44. Uncertainty Relation and Inseparability Criterion.Ashutosh K. Goswami & Prasanta K. Panigrahi - 2017 - Foundations of Physics 47 (2):229-235.
    We investigate the Peres–Horodecki positive partial transpose criterion in the context of conserved quantities and derive a condition of inseparability for a composite bipartite system depending only on the dimensions of its subsystems, which leads to a bi-linear entanglement witness for the two qubit system. A separability inequality using generalized Schrodinger–Robertson uncertainty relation taking suitable operators, has been derived, which proves to be stronger than the bi-linear entanglement witness operator. In the case of mixed density matrices, it identically distinguishes the (...)
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  45. On Noncontextual, Non-Kolmogorovian Hidden Variable Theories.Benjamin H. Feintzeig & Samuel C. Fletcher - 2017 - Foundations of Physics 47 (2):294-315.
    One implication of Bell’s theorem is that there cannot in general be hidden variable models for quantum mechanics that both are noncontextual and retain the structure of a classical probability space. Thus, some hidden variable programs aim to retain noncontextuality at the cost of using a generalization of the Kolmogorov probability axioms. We generalize a theorem of Feintzeig to show that such programs are committed to the existence of a finite null cover for some quantum mechanical experiments, i.e., a finite (...)
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  46. Aspects of Quantum Non-Locality I: Superluminal Signalling, Action-at-a-Distance, Non-Separability and Holism.Joseph Berkovitz - 1996 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 29 (2):183-222.
    In this paper and its sequel, I consider the significance of Jarrett’s and Shimony’s analyses of the so-called factorisability condition for clarifying the nature of quantum non-locality. In this paper, I focus on four types of non-locality: superluminal signalling, action-at-a-distance, non-separability and holism. In the second paper, I consider a fifth type of non-locality: superluminal causation according to ‘logically weak’ concepts of causation, where causal dependence requires neither action nor signalling. In this connection, I pay special attention to the difficulties (...)
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  47. Part and whole in physics: An introduction.Richard Healey & Jos Uffink - 2013 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 44 (1):20-21.
  48. Classical fields and quantum time-evolution in the Aharonov–Bohm effect.James Mattingly - 2007 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38 (4):888-905.
  49. An Einstein manuscript on the EPR paradox for spin observables.Tilman Sauer - 2007 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38 (4):879-887.
    A formulation by Einstein of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen incompleteness argument found in his scientific manuscripts is presented and briefly commented on. It is the only known version in which Einstein discussed the argument for spin observables. The manuscript dates, in all probability, from late 1954 or early 1955 and hence also represents Einstein's latest version of the incompleteness argument and one of his last statements on quantum theory in general. A puzzling formulation raises the question of Einstein's interpretation of space quantization (...)
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  50. Formalizing the separability condition in Bell's theorem.Brandon Fogel - 2007 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38 (4):920-937.
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