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  1. Werner Abraham & Sjaak de Meij (eds.) (1986). Topic, Focus, and Configurationality: Papers From the 6th Groningen Grammar Talks, Groningen, 1984. J. Benjamins Pub. Co..
    INTRODUCTION WERNER ABRAHAM, LACI MARÁCZ, SJAAK DE MEY & WIM SCHERPENISSE University of Groningen The Groningen Conference on Topic, ...
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  2. David Adger (2003). Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach. Oxford University Press.
    This is an introduction to the structure of sentences in human languages. It assumes no prior knowledge of linguistic theory and little of elementary grammar. It will suit students coming to syntactic theory for the first time either as graduates or undergraduates. It will also be useful for those in fields such as computational science, artificial intelligence, or cognitive psychology who need a sound knowledge of current syntactic theory.
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  3. Erik Andersson (ed.) (1978). Working Papers on Computer Processing of Syntactic Data. Research Institute, Åbo Akademi Foundation.
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  4. Avery Andrews (2010). Propositional Glue and the Projection Architecture of LFG. Linguistics and Philosophy 33 (3):141-170.
    Although ‘glue semantics’ is the most extensively developed theory of semantic composition for LFG, it is not very well integrated into the LFG projection architecture, due to the absence of a simple and well-explained correspondence between glue-proofs and f-structures. In this paper I will show that we can improve this situation with two steps: (1) Replace the current quantificational formulations of glue (either Girard’s system F, or first order linear logic) with strictly propositional linear logic (the quantifier, unit and exponential (...)
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  5. Emmon Bach, Subordination and Mood in Western Abenaki.
    Many (all?) languages regiment differences between main and subordinate clauses and between straightforward assertions and other kinds of expressions. There are two main ways of expressing grammatical differences in natural languages: structural and inflectional. Other resources: lexical, intonational, etc.
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  6. Emmon W. Bach, Discontinous Constituents in Generalized Categorial Grammar.
    [1]. Recently renewed interest in non transformational approaches to syntax [2] suggests that it might be well to take another look at categorial grammars, since they seem to have been neglected largely because they had been shown to be equivalent to context free phrase structure grammars in weak generative capacity and it was believed that such grammars were incapable of describing natural languages in a natural way. It is my purpose here to sketch a theory of grammar which represents a (...)
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  7. Mark Baker, Thematic Roles and Syntactic Structure.
    Suppose that one adopts a broadly Chomskyan perspective, in which there is a distinction between the language faculty and other cognitive faculties, including what Chomsky has recently called the “Conceptual-Intensional system”. Then there must in principle be at least three stages in this association that need to be understood. First, there is the nonlinguistic stage of conceptualizing a particular event.1 For example, while all of the participants in an event may be affected by the event in some way or another, (...)
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  8. Mark C. Baker (1988). Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing. University of Chicago Press.
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  9. Mark Baltin, August 3, 2005.
    This paper shows that a VP in English is only a VP at the outset of a derivation, and that VP- preposing in English is in fact preposing of the internal arguments of the verb, followed by remnant movement of the original VP. Therefore, English looks much more like German (Muller (1998)), than it appears at first glance The evidence for the non-constituency of the verb and its original arguments in preposed position comes from its solution to what has been (...)
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  10. Mark Baltin, A-Movements.
    This chapter will concentrate on a range of phenomena that have crucially been held to involve (within Government-Binding Theory and now Minimalism) movement of an element to what is known as an argument position- roughly, a position in which an element can be base-generated and bear a crucial semantic role with respect to the main predicate of a clause. It is to be distinguished from movement to an ~A (read A-bar, or non-argument) position. The two types of movement have very (...)
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  11. Mark Baltin, Is Grammar Markovian?
    One of the cardinal assumptions about the nature of grammar is that it is a formal system, meaning that the operations and symbols in the grammar should have a precise meaning, so that one can tell precisely how it functions, and whether a given structure is in fact created by the grammar. The issue of how much information is available to the grammar, viewed as a computational device that computes structures, is called the issue of computational complexity. The computational powers (...)
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  12. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1951). Comments on Logical Form. Philosophical Studies 2 (2):26 - 29.
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  13. Chris Barker & Pauline I. Jacobson (eds.) (2007). Direct Compositionality. Oxford University Press.
    This book examines the hypothesis of "direct compositionality", which requires that semantic interpretation proceed in tandem with syntactic combination. Although associated with the dominant view in formal semantics of the 1970s and 1980s, the feasibility of direct compositionality remained unsettled, and more recently the discussion as to whether or not this view can be maintained has receded. The syntax-semantics interaction is now often seen as a process in which the syntax builds representations which, at the abstract level of logical form, (...)
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  14. Patrick K. Bastable (1972). Grammar, Meaning and the Machine Analysis of Language. Philosophical Studies 21:279-280.
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  15. Brigitte L. M. Bauer (1995). The Emergence and Development of Svo Patterning in Latin and French: Diachronic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Oxford University Press.
    This book analyzes--in terms of branching--the pervasive reorganization of Latin syntactic and morphological structures: in the development from Latin to French, a shift can be observed from the archaic, left-branching structures (which Latin inherited from Proto-Indo-European) to modern right-branching equivalents. Brigitte Bauer presents a detailed analysis of this development based on the theoretical discussion and definition of "branching" and "head." Subsequently she relates the diachronic shift to psycholinguistic evidence, arguing that the difficuly of LB complex structures as reflected in their (...)
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  16. Michael R. Baumer (1993). Chasing Aristotle's Categories Down the Tree of Grammar. Journal of Philosophical Research 18:341-449.
    This paper addresses the problem of the origin and principle of Aristotle’s distinctions among the categories. It explores the possibilities of reformulating and reviving the “grammatical” theory, generally ascribed first to Trendelenburg. The paper brings two new perspectives to the grammatical theory: that of Aristotle’s own theory of syntax and that of contemporary linguistic syntax and semantics. I put forth a provisional theory of Aristotle’s categories in which (1) I propose that the Categories sets forth a theory of lexical structure, (...)
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  17. Stephen Berman (1994). On the Semantics of Wh-Clauses. Garland Pub..
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  18. Cedric Boeckx (2008). Bare Syntax. Oxford University Press.
    Cedric Boeckx focuses on two core components of grammar: phrase structure and locality.
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  19. Cedric Boeckx (2008). Understanding Minimalist Syntax: Lessons From Locality in Long-Distance Dependencies. Blackwell Pub..
    Understanding Minimalist Syntax introduces the logic of the Minimalist Program by analyzing well-known descriptive generalizations about long-distance dependencies. Proposes a new theory of how long-distance dependencies are formed, with implications for theories of locality, and the Minimalist Program as a whole Rich in empirical coverage, which will be welcomed by experts in the field, yet accessible enough for students looking for an introduction to the Minimalist Program.
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  20. Peter J. Boettke & J. Robert Subrick (2002). From the Philosophy of Mind to the Philosophy of the Market. Journal of Economic Methodology 9 (1):53-64.
    John Searle has argued against the viability of strong versions of artificial intelligence. His most well-known counter-example is the Chinese Room thought experiment where he stressed that syntax is not semantics. We reason by analogy to highlight previously unnoticed similarities between Searle and F.A. Hayek's critique of socialist planning. We extend their insights to explain the failure of many reforms in Eastern Europe in the 1990's.
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  21. Željko Bošković & Howard Lasnik (eds.) (2007). Minimalist Syntax: The Essential Readings. Blackwell Pub..
    This book is a collection of key readings on Minimalist Syntax, the most recent, and arguably most important, theoretical development within the Principles and Parameters approach to syntactic theory. Brings together in one volume the key readings on Minimalist Syntax Includes an introduction and overview of the Minimalist Program written by two prominent researchers Excerpts crucial pieces from the beginning of Minimalism to the most recent work and provides invaluable coverage of the most important topics.
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  22. E. K. Brown (1991). Syntax: A Linguistic Introduction to Sentence Structure. Harper-Collins Academic.
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  23. E. K. Brown (1982). Syntax, Generative Grammar. Hutchinson.
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  24. Alastair Butler (2004). The Syntax and Semantics of Split Constructions: A Comparative Study. Palgrave Macmillan.
    Split constructions are widespread in natural languages. The separation of the semantic restriction of a quantifier from that quantifier is a typical example of such a construction. This study addresses the problem that such discontinuous strings exhibit--namely, a number of locality constraints, including intervention effects. These are shown to follow from the interaction of a minimalist syntax with a semantics that directly assigns a model-theoretic interpretation to syntactic logical forms. The approach is shown to have wide empirical coverage and a (...)
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  25. Elisabeth Camp (2004). The Generality Constraint and Categorial Restrictions. Philosophical Quarterly 54 (215):209-231.
    I argue that we should not adopt categorial restrictions on the significance of syntactically well-formed strings. Even syntactically well-formed but semantically absurd strings, such as ‘Life is but a walking shadow’ and ‘Caesar is a prime number’, can express thoughts; and competent thinkers both can and ought to be able to grasp such thoughts. A more specific way of putting this claim is that Gareth Evans’ Generality Constraint should be viewed as a fully general constraint on concept possession and propositional (...)
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  26. Elisabeth Camp & John Hawthorne (2008). Sarcastic 'Like': A Case Study in the Interface of Syntax and Semantics. Noûs 42 (1):1 - 21.
    The expression ‘Like’ has a wide variety of uses among English and American speakers. It may describe preference, as in (1) She likes mint chip ice cream. It may be used as a vehicle of comparison, as in (2) Trieste is like Minsk on steroids.
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  27. Andrew Carnie (2007). Syntax: A Generative Introduction. Blackwell Pub..
    Building on the success of the bestselling first edition, the second edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the major issues in Principles and Parameters syntactic theory, including phrase structure, the lexicon, case theory, movement, and locality conditions. Includes new and extended problem sets in every chapter, all of which have been annotated for level and skill type. Features three new chapters on advanced topics including vP shells, object shells, control, gapping and ellipsis and an additional (...)
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  28. Andrew Carnie & Eithne Guilfoyle (eds.) (2000). The Syntax of the Verb Initial Languages. Oxford University Press.
    This volume contains twelve chapters on the derivation of and the correlates to verb initial word order. The studies in this volume cover such widely divergent languages as Irish, Welsh, Scots Gaelic, Old Irish, Biblical Hebrew, Jakaltek, Mam, Lummi (Straits Salish), Niuean, Malagasy, Palauan, K'echi', and Zapotec, from a wide variety of theoretical perspectives, including Minimalism, information structure, and sentence processing. The first book to take a crosslinguistic comparative approach to verb initial syntax, this volume provides new data to some (...)
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  29. Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy (1999). Explicitness and Predication: A Risky Linkage. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (5):762-763.
    Dienes & Perner (D&P) link explicit knowledge of facts to predication. But predication is basically a linguistic notion. Their approach therefore makes it difficult to attribute knowledge of facts to non- language-users, such as animals. The explicit/implicit distinction, as D&P formulate it, is accordingly of little use for exploring the cognitive capacities of nonhuman primates – despite the increasing evidence for sophisticated social awareness among apes, implying mental representations of events in which participants are clearly distinguished. A revised formulation, less (...)
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  30. Wallace L. Chafe & Johanna Nichols (eds.) (1986). Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. Ablex Pub. Corp..
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  31. Robin Lee Clark (1990). Thematic Theory in Syntax and Interpretation. Routledge.
    Chapter one Introduction The lexicon has come to play an increasingly important role in generative grammar. The first widely read monograph on generative ...
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  32. Desmond M. Clarke (1975). Semantic Syntax. Philosophical Studies 24:309-311.
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  33. Jonathan Cohen & Samuel C. Rickless (2007). Binding Arguments and Hidden Variables. Analysis 67 (1):65–71.
    o (2000), 243). In particular, the idea is that binding interactions between the relevant expressions and natural lan- guage quantifiers are best explained by the hypothesis that those expressions harbor hidden but bindable variables. Recently, however, Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore have rejected such binding arguments for the presence of hid- den variables on the grounds that they overgeneralize — that, if sound, such arguments would establish the presence of hidden variables in all sorts of ex- pressions where it is (...)
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  34. John Collins (2007). Syntax, More or Less. Mind 116 (464):805 - 850.
    Much of the best contemporary work in the philosophy of language and content makes appeal to the theories developed in generative syntax. In particular, there is a presumption that-at some level and in some way-the structures provided by syntactic theory mesh with or support our conception of content/linguistic meaning as grounded in our first-person understanding of our communicative speech acts. This paper will suggest that there is no such tight fit. Its claim will be that, if recent generative theories are (...)
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  35. John M. Collins (2000). Theory of Mind, Logical Form and Eliminativism. Philosophical Psychology 13 (4):465-490.
    I argue for a cognitive architecture in which folk psychology is supported by an interface of a ToM module and the language faculty, the latter providing the former with interpreted LF structures which form the content representations of ToM states. I show that LF structures satisfy a range of key features asked of contents. I confront this account of ToM with eliminativism and diagnose and combat the thought that "success" and innateness are inconsistent with the falsity of folk psychology. I (...)
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  36. Heles Contreras (1976). A Theory of Word Order with Special Reference to Spanish. Sale Distributors for the U.S.A. And Canada, America Elsevier Pub. Co..
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  37. Raul Corazzon, Linguistic Relativism (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis) Vs. Universal Grammar.
    Language and Ontology: Linguistic Relativism (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis) vs. Universal Grammar Universal Ontology vs. Ontological Relativity Semiotics and Ontology: Annotated Bibliography of John Deely. First part: 1965-1998 Annotated Bibliography of John Deely. Second part: 1999-2010 The Rediscovery of John Poinsot (John of St. Thomas).
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  38. Norbert Corver & Henk C. van Riemsdijk (eds.) (1994). Studies of Scrambling: Movement and Non-Movement Approaches to Free Word-Order Phenomena. Mouton De Gruyter.
    ... the phenomenon of variable word order within a clause. Ross (), who was one of the first to discuss this phenomenon within the generative paradigm, ...
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  39. M. J. Cresswell (2003). Logical Form and Language. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 81 (2):283 – 284.
    Book Information Logical Form and Language. Edited by G. Preyer and G. Peter. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 2002. Pp. x + 512. Hardback, £55. Paperback, £19.99.
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  40. M. J. Cresswell (1976). Formal Philosophy, Selected Papers of Richard Montague. Philosophia 6 (1):193-207.
  41. Donald Davidson (1975). The Logic of Grammar. Dickenson Pub. Co..
  42. W. de Geest & Yvan Putseys (eds.) (1984). Sentential Complementation: Proceedings of the International Conference Held at Ufsal, Brussels June, 1983. Foris Publications.
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  43. Michael Devitt, A Response to Longworth and Slezak.
    My book, Ignorance of Language (2006a), challenges the received Chomskian “psychological conception” of grammars and proposes a “linguistic conception” according to which a grammar is a theory of a representational system. My response to Guy Longworth rejects his claim in “Ignorance of Linguistics” (2009) that there is “mutual determination” between linguistic and psychological facts with the result that both of these conceptions are true. Peter Slezak’s “Linguistic Explanation and ‘Psychological Reality’” (2009) is full of flagrant misrepresentations of my discussion of (...)
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  44. Frederic Dick & Elizabeth Bates (2000). Grodzinsky's Latest Stand – or, Just How Specific Are “Lesion-Specific” Deficits? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (1):29-29.
    Deficits observed in Broca's aphasia are much more general than Grodzinsky acknowledges. Broca's aphasics have a broad range of problems in lexical and morphological comprehension; furthermore, the classic “agrammatic” syntactic profile is observed over many populations. Finally, Broca's area is implicated in the performance of many linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks.
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  45. Shimon Edelman (2003). Generative Grammar with a Human Face? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (6):675-676.
    The theoretical debate in linguistics during the past half-century bears an uncanny parallel to the politics of the (now defunct) Communist Bloc. The parallels are not so much in the revolutionary nature of Chomsky's ideas as in the Bolshevik manner of his takeover of linguistics (Koerner 1994) and in the Trotskyist (“permanent revolution”) flavor of the subsequent development of the doctrine of Transformational Generative Grammar (TGG) (Townsend & Bever 2001, pp. 37–40). By those standards, Jackendoff is quite a party faithful (...)
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  46. George Englebretsen (1984). Notes on Quine's Syntactical Insights. Grazer Philosophische Studien 22:149-157.
    W.V. Quine has led many logicians in thinking that mathematical logic can offer insights into the syntax of natural language. One example of such an insight is the use of quantifier scope difference to resolve the ambiguity of sentences like ' I don't know every poem'. Such differences also are claimed to be useful in analyzing phrases such as 'the lady I saw you with'. But an older, Aristotelian theory of logical syntax can equally well resolve the ambiguity problem in (...)
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  47. George Englebretsen (1981). A Journey to Eden. Grazer Philosophische Studien 14:133-141.
    Peter Geach has charged Aristotle with the sin of corrupting logic by initiating a process which led to the view that a sentence consists logically of just two names. This charge can only result from a clearly mistaken view of Aristotle's theory of logical syntax. Aristotle, unlike Geach, was careful to distinguish subjects from subject-terms and predicates from predicate-terms. He took both subjects and predicates as syntactical complexes. Geach, following Frege, holds a very different theory of logical syntax which takes (...)
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  48. Nils Erik Enkvist & Viljo Kohonen (eds.) (1982). Approaches to Word Order: Reports on Text Linguistics. Distribution, Tidningsbokhandeln.
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  49. Nils Erik Enkvist & Viljo Kohonen (eds.) (1976). Reports on Text Linguistics: Approaches to Word Order. [Åbo Akademi].
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  50. Delia Graff Fara & Gillian Russell (eds.) (forthcoming). Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Language.
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  51. Susann Fischer (2010). Word-Order Change as a Source of Grammaticalisation. John Benjamins Pub. Company.
    1. Introduction -- 2. Different views on grammaticalisation and its relation to word-order -- 3. Historical overview of oblique subjects in Germanic and Romance -- 4. Historical overview of stylistic fronting in Germanic and Romance -- 5. Accounting for the differences and similarities between the languages under investigation -- 6. Explaining the changes: minimalism meets von Humboldt and Meillet -- References.
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  52. Michael J. Flynn (1985). Structure Building Operations and Word Order. Garland Pub..
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  53. Danny Fox, Implicature Calculation, Pragmatics or Syntax, or Both?
    The neo-Gricean account: the source of these scalar implicatures is a reasoning process (undertaken by the hearer), which culminates in an inference about the belief state of the speaker.
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  54. Danny Fox, Cyclic Linearization of Syntactic Structure.
    This paper proposes an architecture for the mapping between syntax and phonology — in particular, that aspect of phonology that determines ordering. In Fox and Pesetsky (in prep.), we will argue that this architecture, when combined with a general theory of syntactic domains ("phases"), provides a new understanding of a variety of phenomena that have received diverse accounts in the literature. This shorter paper focuses on two processes, both drawn from Scandinavian: the familiar process of Object Shift and the less (...)
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  55. Robert Freidin & Howard Lasnik (eds.) (2006). Syntax: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Routledge.
    This collection covers the fundamental concepts and analytic tools of generative transformational syntax of the last half century, from Chomsky's Morphophonemics of Modern Hebrew (1951) to the present day. It makes available, in one place, key published material on important areas such as phrase structure, transformations, and conditions on rules and representations. Presenting articles by leading contributors to the field such as Baltin, Bokovic, Bresnan, Chomsky, Cinque, Emonds, Freidin, Hale, Higginbotham, Huang, Kayne, Lasnik, McCawley, Pollock, Postal, Reinhart, Rizzi, Ross, Stowell, (...)
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  56. Angela D. Friederici & Ina Bornkessel (2003). Missing the Syntactic Piece. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (6):735-736.
    The notion that the working-memory system is not to be located in the prefrontal cortex, but rather constituted by the interplay between temporal and frontal areas, is of some attraction. However, at least for the domain of sentence comprehension, this perspective is promoted on the basis of sparse data. For this domain, the authors not only missed out on the chance to systematically integrate event-related brain potential (ERP) and neuroimaging data when interpreting their own findings on semantic aspects of working (...)
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  57. Richard Gaskin (ed.) (2001). Grammar in Early Twentieth-Century Philosophy. Routledge.
    In this book, ten essays examine the contributions made to the issue of the philosophical significance of grammar by Frege, Russell, Bradley, Husserl, Wittgenstein, Carnap and Heidegger.
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  58. Christopher Gauker (1987). Conditionals in Context. Erkenntnis 27 (3):293 - 321.
    This paper is obsolete. It is superseded by the book, Conditionals in Context, MIT Press, 2005.
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  59. Anastasia Giannakidou, Why Giannis Can't Scrub His Plate Clean: On the Absence of Resultative Secondary Predication in Greek.
    In this paper, we contrast English and Greek resultative secondary predication, showing that Greek lacks the productive syntactic strategy which English employs. We propose that the difference in productivity should be attributed to properties of the morphology in the two languages (namely, to the differing productivity of certain verbal affixes). Finally, we give a compositional semantics for the complex event formation in the morphology/syntax that accounts for the contrasts between resultatives in English and Greek.
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  60. Richard E. Grandy (1974). Some Remarks About Logical Form. Noûs 8 (2):157-164.
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  61. Yael Greenberg (2003). Manifestations of Genericity. Routledge.
    In this book, Yael Greenberg discusses and clarifies a number of controversial issues and phenomena in the generic literature, including the existence of ...
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  62. Joseph Evans Grimes (ed.) (1986). Sentence Initial Devices. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
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  63. L. H. Groeneboom-Elbers (1974). Complex Sentences, Clause Boundaries, and Phoneme Monitoring Latencies. Psychological Laboratory, University of Utrecht.
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  64. Gilbert Harman (1970). Deep Structure as Logical Form. Synthese 21 (3-4):275 - 297.
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  65. Gilbert Harman & Erica Roedder, Moral Grammar.
    The approach to generative grammar originating with Chomsky (1957) has been enormously successful within linguistics. Seeing such success, one wonders whether a similar approach might help us understand other human domains besides language. One such domain is morality. Could there be universal generative moral grammar? More specifically, might it be useful to moral theory to develop an explicit generative account of parts of particular moralities in the way it has proved useful to linguistics to produce generative grammars for parts of (...)
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  66. James Higginbotham (1993). Grammatical Form and Logical Form. Philosophical Perspectives 7:173-196.
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  67. Dieter Hillert (2000). The Grammar of Agrammatism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (1):36-37.
    There are reasons for reservations with respect to the postulated function of Broca's area. Evidence for the psychological reality of the relevant traces does not exist. In addition, because the syntax of non- (or partly) configurational languages is not described in terms of empty categories, no receptive agrammatism should be observed in these languages. Aphasia should not be examined in isolation from its cognitive components.
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  68. Nikolaus Himmelmann & Eva Schultze-Berndt (eds.) (2005). Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification: The Typology of Depictives. Oxford University Press.
    This is the first book to approach depictive secondary predication - a hot topic in syntax and semantics research - from a crosslinguistic perspective. It maps out all the relevant phenomena and brings together critical surveys and new contributions on their morphosyntactic and semantic properties.
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  69. Wolfram Hinzen (2013). Narrow Syntax and the Language of Thought. Philosophical Psychology 26 (1):1-23.
    A traditional view maintains that thought, while expressed in language, is non-linguistic in nature and occurs in non-linguistic beings as well. I assess this view against current theories of the evolutionary design of human grammar. I argue that even if some forms of human thought are shared with non-human animals, a residue remains that characterizes a unique way in which human thought is organized as a system. I explore the hypothesis that the cause of this difference is a grammatical way (...)
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  70. Finngeir Hiorth (1974). Noam Chomsky, Linguistics and Philosophy. Universitetsforlaget.
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  71. Teun Hoekstra (2004). Arguments and Structure: Studies on the Architecture of the Sentence. Mouton De Gruyter.
    Possession and transitivity -- The indirect object, its status and place -- Categories and arguments -- The active-passive configuration -- Verbal affixation -- Why Kaatje was not heard sing a song (with Hans Bennis) -- T-chains and auxiliaries (with Jacqueline Guéron) -- Clitics in romance and the study of head-movement -- ECP, tense and islands -- Bracketing paradoxes do not exist (with Harry van der Hulst and Frans van der Putten) -- The nominal infinitive (with Pim Wehrmann) -- Parallels between (...)
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  72. S. M. R. Husain (1991). Contrastive Syntax: Search for a Model. Bahri Publications.
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  73. Esa Itkonen (1978). Grammatical Theory and Metascience: A Critical Investigation Into the Methodological and Philosophical Foundations of "Autonomous" Linguistics. John Benjamins.
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  74. Ray Jackendoff, The Parallel Architecture and its Place in Cognitive Science.
    It has become fashionable recently to speak of linguistic inquiry as biolinguistics, an attempt to frame questions of linguistic theory in a biological context. The Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2001) is of course the most prominent stream of research in this paradigm. However, an alternative stream within the paradigm, the Parallel Architecture, has been developing in my own work over the past 30 years; it includes two important subcomponents, Conceptual Structure and Simpler Syntax (Jackendoff 2002, 2007b; Culicover and Jackendoff 2005). (...)
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  75. Ray Jackendoff, The Simpler Syntax Hypothesis.
    mar of a language? What are the consequences of these only the ‘tryer’ but also the ‘drinker’, even though the noun roles for syntactic structure, and why does it matter? We phrase Ozzie is not overtly an argument of the verb drink. sketch the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, which holds that..
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  76. Brendan Jackson (2006). Logical Form: Classical Conception and Recent Challenges. Philosophy Compass 1 (3):303-316.
    The term ‘logical form’ has been called on to serve a wide range of purposes in philosophy, and it would be too ambitious to try to survey all of them in a single essay. Instead, I will focus on just one conception of logical form that has occupied a central place in the philosophy of language, and in particular in the philosophical study of linguistic meaning. This is what I will call the classical conception of logical form. The classical conception, (...)
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  77. Pauline I. Jacobson (1980). The Syntax of Crossing Coreference Sentences. Garland Pub..
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  78. Frank Jansen (ed.) (1978). Studies on Fronting. Peter De Ridder Press.
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  79. Ray E. Jennings & Joe J. Thompson (2012). The Biology of Language and the Epigenesis of Recursive Embedding. Interaction Studies 13 (1):80-102.
    Theorists have oversold the usefulness of predicate logic and generative grammar to the study of language origins. They have searched for models that correspond to semantic properties, such as truth, when what is needed is an empirically testable model of evolution. Such a model is required if we are to explain the origins of linguistic properties by appealing to general properties of linguistic engendering, rather than to the advent of genotypes with the propensity to produce certain brain mechanisms. While the (...)
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  80. Otto Jespersen (1965). The Philosophy of Grammar. New York, Norton.
    " It is the connected presentation of Jespersen's views of the general principles of grammar based on years of studying various languages through both direct ...
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  81. Paul J. M. Jorion (1999). Syntax, or, the Embryogenesis of Meaning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (6):1027-1028.
    Syntax is better viewed as the dynamics of a morphogenetic field on a semantic universe of “content” words. This may take widely different forms, making the acquisition of any language by an aspiring speaker an entirely new experience. The existence of an underlying “universal syntax” might be illusory.
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  82. Donald Kalish (1952). Logical Form. Mind 61 (241):57-71.
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  83. Simin Karimi (ed.) (2003). Word Order and Scrambling. Blackwell Pub..
    Word Order and Scrambling introduces readers to recent research into the linguistic phenomenon called scrambling and is a valuable contribution to the fields of ...
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  84. Ed Keenan, Language Invariants: The Syntax and Semantics of Case Marking.
    1999. In Linguistics in the Morning Calm 4 edited by The Linguistric Society of Korea. Hanshin Pub.co. pp. 21-39.
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  85. Edward L. Keenan, Lexical Freedom and Large Categories.
    Grammatical categories of English expressions are shown to differ with regard to the freedom we have in semantically interpreting their lexical (= syntactically simplest) expressions. Section 1 reviews the categories of expression we consider. Section 2 empirically supports that certain of these categories are lexically free, a notion we formally define, in the sense that anything which is denotable by a complex expression in the category is available as a denotation for lexical expressions in the category. Other categories are shown (...)
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  86. Cornelia Eva Keijsper (1985). Information Structure: With Examples From Russian, English, and Dutch. Rodopi.
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  87. Ruth Kempson (2004). Grammars with Parsing Dynamics: A New Perspective on Alignment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2):202-203.
    This commentary argues that dialogue alignment can be explained if parsing-directed grammar formalisms are adopted. With syntax defined as monotonic growth of semantic representations as each word is parsed, alignment between interlocutors is shown to be expected. Hence, grammars can be evaluated according to relative success in characterizing dialogue phenomena.
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  88. András Kertész (2012). The 'Galilean Style in Science' and the Inconsistency of Linguistic Theorising. Foundations of Science 17 (1):91-108.
    Chomsky’s principle of epistemological tolerance says that in theoretical linguistics contradictions between the data and the hypotheses may be temporarily tolerated in order to protect the explanatory power of the theory. The paper raises the following problem: What kinds of contradictions may be tolerated between the data and the hypotheses in theoretical linguistics? First a model of paraconsistent logic is introduced which differentiates between week and strong contradiction. As a second step, a case study is carried out which exemplifies that (...)
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  89. Paul Kiparsky, The Shift to Head-Initial VP in Germanic.
    An interesting asymmetry in syntactic change is that OV base order is commonly replaced by VO, whereas the reverse development is quite rare in languages.1 A shift to VO has taken place in several branches of the Indo-European family, as well as in Finno-Ugric. The Germanic languages conform to this trend in that the original OV order seen in its older representatives, and (in more rigid form) in modern German, Dutch, and Frisian, has given way to a consistently head-initial syntax (...)
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  90. Paul Kiparsky, Word-Formation and the Lexicon.
    According to a widespread view the lexicon is a kind of appendix to the grammar, whose function is to list what is unpredictable and irregular about the words of a language. In more recent studies it has been acquiring a rich internal organization of its own and is becoming recognized as the site of pervasive grammatical regularities. The particular approach to the lexicon that I will assume in this paper comes out of this trend, integrating several ideas from work on (...)
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  91. W. G. Klooster (1972). The Structure Underlying Measure Phrase Sentences. Dordrecht,Reidel.
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  92. Eva Koktova (1999). Word-Order Based Grammar. Mouton De Gruyter.
    In this book, a new theory of grammar based on word order is proposed: a deep word order as the multipartioned communicative-information structure of the ...
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  93. Alexander Koller & Matthew Stone, Sentence Generation as a Planning Problem.
    We translate sentence generation from TAG grammars with semantic and pragmatic information into a planning problem by encoding the contribution of each word declaratively and explicitly. This allows us to exploit the performance of off-the-shelf planners. It also opens up new perspectives on referring expression generation and the relationship between language and action.
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  94. Marcus Kracht (2011). Interpreted Languages and Compositionality. Springer.
    This book argues that languages are composed of sets of ‘signs’, rather than ‘strings’. This notion, first posited by de Saussure in the early 20th century, has for decades been neglected by linguists, particularly following Chomsky’s heavy critiques of the 1950s. Yet since the emergence of formal semantics in the 1970s, the issue of compositionality has gained traction in the theoretical debate, becoming a selling point for linguistic theories. Yet the concept of ‘compositionality’ itself remains ill-defined, an issue this book (...)
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  95. Marcus Kracht (2001). Syntax in Chains. Linguistics and Philosophy 24 (4):467-530.
    In transformational grammar the notion of a chain has been central ever since its introduction in the early 80's. However, an insightful theory of chains has hitherto been missing. This paper develops such a theory of chains. Though it is applicable to virtually all chains, we shall focus on movement-induced chains. It will become apparent that chains are far from innocuous. A proper formulation of the structures and algorithms involved is quite a demanding task. Furthermore, we shall show that it (...)
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  96. Angelika Kratzer, Beyond Ouch and Oops. How Descriptive and Expressive Meaning Interact.
    They are expressives, too. There is a phonology. There is a syntax. There is a compositional semantics. There are interesting interactions to investigate. German, Greek, and Papago are known examples of discourse particle languages. Intonation has been said to have similar uses in other languages.
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  97. Manfred Krifka, In Defense of Idealizations: A Comment on Stokhof & van Lambalgen.
    I think that some of the arguments in this article are themselves flawed, or are based on an understanding of linguistics that is too narrowly focused on certain versions of generative grammar. For example, the argument that in computational applications purely statistical approaches are in general more successful than rule-based approaches has to be qualified: It holds, or may have hold, for certain applications like machine translation, but not for others, like the generation of text to answer queries to databases. (...)
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  98. Wojciech Krysztofiak (2012). The Grammar of Philosophical Discourse. Semiotica 188 (1/4):295-322.
    In this paper, a formal theory is presented that describes syntactic and semantic mechanisms of philosophical discourses. They are treated as peculiar language systems possessing deep derivational structures called architectonic forms of philosophical systems, encoded in philosophical mind. Architectonic forms are constituents of more complex structures called architectonic spaces of philosophy. They are understood as formal and algorithmic representations of various philosophical traditions. The formal derivational machinery of a given space determines its class of all possible architectonic forms. Some of (...)
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  99. Susumu Kuno (1987). Functional Syntax: Anaphora, Discourse, and Empathy. University of Chicago Press.
    I CATEGORIES AND PRINCIPLES ii Introductory Remarks The value of linguistics as a cognitive science lies largely in its potential for providing insights ...
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  100. Knud Lambrecht (1994). Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents. Cambridge University Press.
    Why do speakers of all languages use different grammatical structures under different communicative circumstances to express the same idea? In this comprehensive study, Professor Lambrecht explores the relationship between the structure of sentences and the linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts in which they are used. His analysis is based on the observation that the structure of a sentence reflects a speaker's assumptions about the hearer's state of knowledge and consciousness at the time of the utterance. This relationship between speaker assumptions and (...)
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