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The Basis of Meaning

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  • Fred Adams (2003). Semantic Paralysis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (6):666-667.
    I challenge Jackendoff's claim that semantics should not be paralyzed by a failure to solve Brentano's problem of intentionality. I argue that his account of semantics is in fact paralyzed because it fails to live up to his own standards of naturalization, has no account of falsity, and gives the wrong semantic objects for words and thoughts.
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  • Dorit Bar-On, Natural Semantic Facts - Between Eliminativism and Hyper-Realism.
    i. Introduction: Naturaiizing Semantics It seems as though everyone these days is in the business of ‘naituraIizing': apistamologists, philosophers of mind and language, even moral phi- `lcscpheers and philosophers of mathematics. Quine is cften cited as the one who started Et, but expressions of the naturalizing urge can no doubt be found much earlier in the history of phiioscphy. Lccsaly speaking, the- naturalizing urge is the desire to fashion human epistemic achievements in particular arcs after the achievements of the natural (...)
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  • Charles A. Baylis (1944). Critical Comments on the "Symposium on Meaning and Truth". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 5 (1):80-93.
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  • A. Cornelius Benjamin (1937). The Meaning of Meaning. Philosophy of Science 4 (2):282.
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  • Robyn Carston, Introduction: Representation and Metarepresentation.
    “Utterances and thoughts have content: They represent (actual or imaginary) states of affairs.” This is the opening statement of François Recanati’s most sustained work on kinds of representation, Oratio Obliqua, Oratio Recta (2000) and it presents the core phenomenon which it is the task of the philosophy of language to explain. A primary function of language and thought, though not their only function, is to represent how things are or might be. As well as descriptively representing entities, properties, and states (...)
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  • Alan Carter (1991). The Real Meaning of Meaning. Heythrop Journal 32 (3):355–368.
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  • Roderick M. Chisholm (1955). A Note on Carnap's Meaning Analysis. Philosophical Studies 6 (6):87-88.
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  • Cesare Cozzo, Meaning and Argument. A Theory of Meaning Centred on Immediate Argumental Role.
    This study presents and develops in detail (a new version of) the argumental conception of meaning. The two basic principles of the argumental conception of meaning are: i) To know (implicitly) the sense of a word is to know (implicitly) all the argumentation rules concerning that word; ii) To know the sense of a sentence is to know the syntactic structure of that sentence and to know the senses of the words occurring in it. The sense of a sentence is (...)
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  • Wayne A. Davis (2005). Nondescriptive Meaning and Reference: An Ideational Semantics. Oxford University Press.
    Wayne Davis presents a highly original approach to the foundations of semantics, showing how the so-called "expression" theory of meaning can handle names and other problematic cases of nondescriptive meaning. The fact that thoughts have parts ("ideas" or "concepts") is fundamental: Davis argues that like other unstructured words, names mean what they do because they are conventionally used to express atomic or basic ideas. In the process he shows that many pillars of contemporary philosophical semantics, from twin earth arguments to (...)
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  • Michael Devitt (1994). The Methodology of Naturalistic Semantics. Journal of Philosophy 91 (10):519-44.
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  • Paul Ernest (1990). The Meaning of Mathematical Expressions: Does Philosophy Shed Any Light on Psychology? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 41 (4):443-460.
    Mathematicians and physical scientists depend heavily on the formal symbolism of mathematics in order to express and develop their theories. For this and other reasons the last hundred years has seen a growing interest in the nature of formal language and the way it expresses meaning; particularly the objective, shared aspect of meaning as opposed to subjective, personal aspects. This dichotomy suggests the question: do the objective philosophical theories of meaning offer concepts which can be applied in psychological theories of (...)
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  • Eugen Fischer (1997). On the Very Idea of a Theory of Meaning for a Natural Language. Synthese 111 (1).
    A certain orthodoxy has it that understanding is essentially computational: that information about what a sentence means is something that may be generated by means of a derivational process from information about the significance of the sentences constituent parts and of the ways in which they are put together. And that it is therefore fruitful to study formal theories acceptable as compositional theories of meaning for natural languages: theories that deliver for each sentence of their object-language a theorem acceptable as (...)
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  • Everett W. Hall (1928). The Meaning of Meaning in Hollingworth's the Psychology of Thought. Journal of Philosophy 25 (15):393-403.
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  • Gilbert Harman, Quine's Semantic Relativity.
    Philosophers sometimes approach meaning metaphorically, for example, by speaking of “grasping” meanings, as if understanding consists in getting mental hands around something.1 Philosophers say that a theory of meaning should be a theory about the meanings that people assign to expressions in their language, that to understand other people requires identifying the meanings they associate with what they are saying, and that to translate an expression of another language into your own is to find an expression in your language with (...)
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  • Jussi Haukioja (2005). A Middle Position Between Meaning Finitism and Meaning Platonism. International Journal of Philosophical Studies 13 (1):35 – 51.
    David Bloor and Crispin Wright have argued, independently, that the proper lesson to draw from Wittgenstein's so-called rule-following considerations is the rejection of meaning Platonism. According to Platonism, the meaningfulness of a general term is constituted by its connection with an abstract entity, the (possibly) infinite extension of which is determined independently of our classificatory practices. Having rejected Platonism, both Bloor and Wright are driven to meaning finitism, the view that the question of whether a meaningful term correctly applies to (...)
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  • Jeffrey Hershfield (2001). The Deflationary Theory of Meaning. Philosophia 28 (1-4).
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  • Jakob Hohwy (2006). Internalized Meaning Factualism. Philosophia 34 (3):325-336..
    The normative character of meaning creates deep problems for the attempt to give a reductive explanation of the constitution of meaning. I identify and critically examine an increasingly popular Carnap-style position, which I call Internalized Meaning Factualism (versions of which I argue are defended by, e.g., Robert Brandom, Paul Horwich and Huw Price), that promises to solve the problems. According to this position, the problem of meaning can be solved by prohibiting an external perspective on meaning constituting properties. The idea (...)
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  • Jennifer Hornsby & Guy Longworth (eds.) (2006). Reading Philosophy of Language: Selected Texts with Interactive Commentary. Blackwell Pub..
    Designed for readers new to the subject, Reading Philosophy of Language presents key texts in the philosophy of language together with helpful editorial guidance. A concise collection of key texts in the philosophy of language Ideal for readers new to the subject. Features seminal texts by leading figures in the field, such as Austin, Chomsky, Davidson, Dummett and Searle. Presents three texts on each of five key topics: speech and performance; meaning and truth; knowledge of language; meaning and compositionality; and (...)
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  • Paul Horwich (1994). What is It Like to Be a Deflationary Theory of Meaning? Philosophical Issues 5:133-154.
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  • Lawrence J. Kaye (1995). A Scientific Psychologistic Foundation for Theories of Meaning. Minds and Machines 5 (2):187-206.
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  • Gary Kemp (1998). Meaning and Truth-Conditions. Philosophical Quarterly 48 (193):483-493.
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  • Jeffrey Ketland (2005). Review of Paul Horwich, From a Deflationary Point of View. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2005 (12).
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  • Gyula Klima, Via Antiqua Vs. Via Moderna Semantics: Two Ways of Constructing Semantic Theory.
    1st GPMR Workshop on Logic and Semantics: Medieval Logic and Modern Applied Logic, Reinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Germany, 2007.
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  • Angelika Kratzer, Situations in Natural Language Semantics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Situation semantics was developed as an alternative to possible worlds semantics. In situation semantics, linguistic expressions are evaluated with respect to partial, rather than complete, worlds. There is no consensus about what situations are, just as there is no consensus about what possible worlds or events are. According to some, situations are structured entities consisting of relations and individuals standing in those relations. According to others, situations are particulars. In spite of unresolved foundational issues, the partiality provided by situation semantics (...)
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  • Catherine Legg (2005). The Meaning of Meaning-Fallibilism. Axiomathes 15 (2).
    Much discussion of meaning by philosophers over the last 300 years has been predicated on a Cartesian first-person authority (i.e. “infallibilism”) with respect to what one’s terms mean. However this has problems making sense of the way the meanings of scientific terms develop, an increase in scientific knowledge over and above scientists’ ability to quantify over new entities. Although a recent conspicuous embrace of rigid designation has broken up traditional meaning-infallibilism to some extent, this new dimension to the meaning of (...)
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  • Ernest Lepore, Truth Conditional Semantics and Meaning.
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  • Wang Lu (2008). Theories of Meaning. Frontiers of Philosophy in China 3 (1).
    Research into logical syntax provides us the knowledge of the structure of sentences, while logical semantics provides a window into uncovering the truth of sentences. Therefore, it is natural to make sentences and truth the central concern when one deals with the theory of meaning logically. Although their theories of meaning differ greatly, both Michael Dummett’s theory and Donald Davidson’s theory are concerned with sentences and truth and developed in terms of truth. Logical theories and methods first introduced by G. (...)
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  • David Macarthur (2007). Review of Paul Horwich, Reflections on Meaning. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2007 (3).
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  • Robert L. Martin (1974). Relative Truth and Semantic Categories. Journal of Philosophical Logic 3 (1-2).
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  • Peter Pagin, Communication and the Complexity of Semantics.
    A celebrated argument for the claim that natural languages are compositional is the learnability argument. Briefly: for it to be possible to learn an entire natural language, which has infinitely many sentences, the language must have a compositional semantics. This argument has two main problems: One of them concerns the difference between compositionality and computability: if the argument is good at all, it only shows that the language must have a computable semantics, which allows speakers to compute the meanings of (...)
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  • Huw Price (1997). What Should a Deflationist About Truth Say About Meaning? Philosophical Issues 8:107-115.
    Paul Horwich aims to apply some the lessons of deflationism about truth to the debate about the nature of a theory of meaning. Having pacified the philosophical debate about truth to his satisfaction, he wants to use a bridge between truth and meaning to extend the same peace−making techniques into new territory. His goal is to make the debate about meaning more hospitable for an account based on use, by showing that certain apparent obstacles to such a theory are illusory, (...)
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  • Graham Priest (2005). Towards Non-Being: The Logic and Metaphysics of Intentionality. Oxford University Press.
    Graham Priest presents a ground-breaking account of the semantics of intentional language--verbs such as "believes," "fears," "seeks," or "imagines." Towards Non-Being proceeds in terms of objects that may be either existent or non-existent, at worlds that may be either possible or impossible. The book will be of central interest to anyone who is concerned with intentionality in the philosophy of mind or philosophy of language, the metaphysics of existence and identity, the philosophy of fiction, the philosophy of mathematics, or cognitive (...)
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  • Marga Reimer (1997). "Competing" Semantic Theories. Noûs 31 (4):457-477.
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  • Kurt Riezler (1943). Homer's Contribution to the Meaning of Truth. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 3 (3):326-337.
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  • Ian Rumfitt (2001). Semantic Theory and Necessary Truth. Synthese 126 (1-2).
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  • Bertrand Russell (1995). An Inquiry Into Meaning and Truth: The William James Lectures for 1940 Delivered at Harvard University. Routledge.
    Russell examines the foundations of knowledge through a discussion of language and investigates the way a knowledge of the structure of language helps our understanding of the structure of the world.
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  • Kevin Scharp, Truth and Expressive Completeness.
    Robert Brandom claims that the theory of meaning he presents in Making It Explicit is expressively complete—i.e., it successfully applies to the language in which the theory of meaning is formulated. He also endorses a broadly Kripkean approach to the liar paradox. I show that these two commitments are incompatible, and I survey several options for resolving the problem.
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  • Mark Textor (2007). The Use Theory of Meaning and Semantic Stipulation. Erkenntnis 67 (1).
    According to Horwich’s use theory of meaning, the meaning of a word W is engendered by the underived acceptance of certain sentences containing W. Horwich applies this theory to provide an account of semantic stipulation: Semantic stipulation proceeds by deciding to accept sentences containing an as yet meaningless word W. Thereby one brings it about that W gets an underived acceptance property. Since a word’s meaning is constituted by its (basic) underived acceptance property, this decision endows the word with a (...)
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  • William L. Todd (1966). Intentionality and the Theory of Meaning. Philosophical Studies 17 (4):55-62.
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  • Andrew Ushenko (1941). Comments on Russell's: An Inquiry Into Meaning and Truth. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 2 (1):98-101.
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  • Alberto Voltolini, Asymmetrical Dependence Between Causal Laws Does Not Account for Meaning.
    In (1990), Jerry Fodor has defended a naturalized conception of meaning for Mentalese expressions which relies on the notion of asymmetric dependence. According to this conception, any naturalized theory of meaning must be able to account for the fact that meaning is robust, namely that any token of a certain Mentalese expression “x” retains the expression’s meaning, X, for any Y (≠ X) which happens to cause it. Now, this robustness of “x”‘s meaning can precisely be explained in terms of (...)
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  • William H. Werkmeister (1938). The Meaning of 'Meaning' Re-Examined. Philosophical Review 47 (3):245-266.
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  • Daniel Whiting (2009). On Epistemic Conceptions of Meaning: Use, Meaning and Normativity. European Journal of Philosophy 17 (3):416-434.
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  • Michael Williams (1999). Meaning and Deflationary Truth. Journal of Philosophy 96 (11):545-564.
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  • Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska (2007). Meaning and Interpretation. II. Studia Logica 85 (2).
    The paper enriches the conceptual apparatus of the theory of meaning and denotation that was presented in Part I (Section 3). This part concentrates on the notion of interpretation, which is defined as an equivalence class of the relation possessing the same manner of interpreting types. In this part, some relations between meaning and interpretation, as well as one between denotation an interpretational denotation are established. In the theory of meaning and interpretation, the notion of language communication has been formally (...)
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  • Urszula M. Żegleń (ed.) (1999). Donald Davidson: Truth, Meaning, and Knowledge. Routledge.
    Donald Davidson has made enormous contributions to the philosophy of action, epistemology, semantics and philosophy of mind and today is recognized as one of the most important analytical philosophers of the late twentieth century. Donald Davidson: Truth, Meaning and Knowledge addresses several issues including Davidson's writings on epistemology and theory of language with their implications of ontology and philosophy of mind and his advances in the philosophy of mind in relation to the views of Williard V. Quine, John McDowell and (...)
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Deflationary Theories of Meaning
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