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Trust

Edited by Edward Hinchman (University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee)
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  1. Igor Abramov (forthcoming). Building Peace in Fragile States – Building Trust is Essential for Effective Public–Private Partnerships. Journal of Business Ethics.
    Increasingly, the private sector is playing a greater role in supporting peace building efforts in conflict and post-conflict areas by providing critical expertise, know-how, and capital. However, reports of the corrupt practices of both governments and businesses have plagued international peace building efforts, deepening the distrust of stricken communities. Businesses are perceived as being selfish and indifferent to the impact their operations may have on the social and political development of local communities. Additionally, the corruption of local governments has been (...)
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  2. H. B. Acton (1974). The Idea of a Spiritual Power: Auguste Comte Memorial Trust Lecture, Delivered on 15 May 1973 at the London School of Economics and Political Science. [REVIEW] Athlone Press.
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  3. Fred Adams (2001). Keith Lehrer, Self‐Trust: A Study of Reason, Knowledge, and Autonomy:Self‐Trust: A Study of Reason, Knowledge, and Autonomy. Ethics 111 (2):427-429.
  4. Jonathan E. Adler (1994). Testimony, Trust, Knowing. Journal of Philosophy 91 (5):264-275.
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  5. Ben Almassi (2009). Trust in Expert Testimony: Eddington's 1919 Eclipse Expedition and the British Response to General Relativity. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B 40 (1):57-67.
  6. Kenneth D. Alpern (1997). What Do We Want Trust to Be? Business and Professional Ethics Journal 16 (1/2/3):29-45.
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  7. Heidrun Åm (2011). Trust as Glue in Nanotechnology Governance Networks. Nanoethics 5 (1):115-128.
    This paper reflects on the change of relations among participants in nanotechnology governance through their participation in governance processes such as stakeholder dialogues. I show that policymaking in practice—that is, the practice of coming and working together in such stakeholder dialogues—has the potential for two-fold performative effects: it can contribute to the development of trust and mutual responsibility on the part of the involved actors, and it may bring about effects on the formation of boundaries of what is sayable and (...)
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  8. Trond Åm (2011). Trust in Nanotechnology? On Trust as Analytical Tool in Social Research on Emerging Technologies. Nanoethics 5 (1):15-28.
    Trust has become an important aspect of evaluating the relationship between lay public and technology implementation. Experiences have shown that a focus on trust provides a richer understanding of reasons for backlashes of technology in society than a mere focus of public understanding of risks and science communication. Therefore, trust is also widely used as a key concept for understanding and predicting trust or distrust in emerging technologies. But whereas trust broadens the scope for understanding established technologies with well-defined questions (...)
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  9. Jon Aarum Andersen (2005). Trust in Managers: A Study of Why Swedish Subordinates Trust Their Managers. Business Ethics 14 (4):392–404.
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  10. R. I. X. Andreassen & Det Etiske Rod (1990). The Importance of Knowledge and Trust in the Definition of Death. Bioethics 4 (3):232–236.
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  11. Gry Ardal (2010). Self and Other in Trust and Distrust. Judging About Trustworthiness. In Arne Grøn & Claudia Welz (eds.), Trust, Sociality, Selfhood. Mohr Siebeck.
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  12. Antonio Argandoña (1999). Sharing Out in Alliances: Trust and Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 21 (2-3):217 - 228.
    Alliances are relatively new forms of relationships between businesses which allow cooperation in some areas of activity while maintaining competition in others, even in those areas where cooperation is the established procedure. Logically, this demands a mutual trust on the basis of which the cooperation can be established. The nature of this relationship is, furthermore, dynamic inasmuch as it develops over a period of time and generates new conditions which either enhance or destroy trust.This article reviews the general issues of (...)
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  13. Richard Ashcroft (2009). The Psychology of Repugnance and the Duty to Trust. American Journal of Bioethics 9 (10):51-52.
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  14. Richard E. Ashcroft (2003). Kant, Mill, Durkheim? Trust and Autonomy in Bioethics and Politics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C 34 (2):359-366.
  15. Kim Atkins (2002). Friendship, Trust and Forgiveness. Philosophia 29 (1-4):111-132.
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  16. R. F. Atkinson (1959). Facts and Obligations. By Dorothy Emmet. (Published by Dr. Williams' Trust, London, 1958. Pp. 20. Price 3s. 6d.). Philosophy 34 (130):275-.
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  17. Robert Audi (2008). Some Dimensions of Trust in Business Practices: From Financial and Product Representation to Licensure and Voting. Journal of Business Ethics 80 (1).
    This paper is an examination of the role of trust in the previous seven papers in this issue of the Journal. Trust and trustworthiness are briefly characterized; their importance in business itself and in business ethics is briefly described; and each paper is discussed in relation to how trust figures in the ethical issues it raises. The overall discussion brings out the need for further work on the nature of trust and on the elements in business, such as transparency, that (...)
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  18. Angela Ayios (2003). Competence and Trust Guardians as Key Elements of Building Trust in East-West Joint Ventures in Russia. Business Ethics 12 (2):190–202.
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  19. A. Azmanova (2011). Against the Politics of Fear: On Deliberation, Inclusion and the Political Economy of Trust. Philosophy and Social Criticism 37 (4):401-412.
    This is an inquiry into the economic psychology of trust: that is, what model of the political economy of complex liberal democracies is conducive to attitudes that allow difference to be perceived in the terms of ‘significant other’, rather than as a menacing or an irrelevant stranger. As a test case of prevailing perceptions of otherness in European societies, I examine attitudes towards Turkey’s accession to the European Union.
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  20. Annette Baier (1986). Trust and Antitrust. Ethics 96 (2):231-260.
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  21. Annette C. Baier (2007). Trust, Suffering, and the Aesculapian Virtues. In Rebecca L. Walker & P. J. Ivanhoe (eds.), Working Virtue: Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems. Oxford University Press.
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  22. J. Baker (2003). Intellectual Trust in Oneself and Others. Philosophical Review 112 (4):586-589.
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  23. Judith Baker (2003). Intellectual Trust in Oneself and Others. Philosophical Review 112 (4):586-589.
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  24. Judith Baker (2000). Martin Hollis, Trust Within Reason:Trust Within Reason. Ethics 110 (2):418-421.
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  25. Reviewed by Judith Baker (2000). Martin Hollis, Trust Within Reason. Ethics 110 (2).
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  26. I. Bamforth (2000). Kafka's Uncle: Scenes From a World of Trust Infected by Suspicion. Medical Humanities 26 (2):85-91.
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  27. Michael Baurmann & Geoffrey Brennan (2009). What Should the Voter Know? Epistemic Trust in Democracy. Grazer Philosophische Studien 79 (1):159-186.
    Alvin Goldman develops the concept of “core voter knowledge” to capture the kind of knowledge that voters need to have in order that democracy function successfully. As democracy is supposed to promote the people's goals, core voter knowledge must, according to Goldman, first and foremost answer the question which electoral candidate would successfully perform in achieving that voter's ends. In our paper we challenge this concept of core voter knowledge from different angles. We analyse the dimensions of political trustworthiness and (...)
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  28. Paolo Becchi & Lorenzo Scillitani (eds.) (2012). Fiducia E Sicurezza: Un Confronto Plurisciplinare. Rubbettino.
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  29. Lawrence C. Becker (2000). Social Trust and Human Communities. [REVIEW] Dialogue 39 (01):173-.
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  30. Lawrence C. Becker (1996). Trust as Noncognitive Security About Motives. Ethics 107 (1):43-61.
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  31. Geoffrey G. Bell, Robert J. Oppenheimer & Andre Bastien (2002). Trust Deterioration in an International Buyer-Supplier Relationship. Journal of Business Ethics 36 (1-2):65 - 78.
    Despite an abundance of research on inter-organizational trust, researchers are only beginning to understand the process of trust deterioration as an inter-organizational phenomenon. This paper presents a case study examining the deteriorating relationship between two international high-tech firms. We surveyed respondents from the supplier firm to identify major elements that reduced the supplier's trust in its customer, using the dimensions of trust identified by Mayer et al. (1995). While violations of ability, integrity, and benevolence all contributed to trust reduction, early (...)
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  32. Richard Bellingham (2003). Ethical Leadership: Rebuilding Trust in Corporations. Hrd Press.
    Creating an ethical culture -- Winning through people -- Winning with customers -- Winning for the community -- Action steps and strategies -- Summary -- Appendix A: An ETHICS evaluation tool: ethics assessment and goal-setting -- Appendix B: Debate and guidance: the literature and best practices.
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  33. Gary Bergel (1997). What Have We Learned About Trust From Recent Experiences with Teaming and Empowerment? Business and Professional Ethics Journal 16 (1/2/3):205-210.
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  34. Anna Bernasek (2010). The Economics of Integrity: From Dairy Farmers to Toyota, How Wealth is Built on Trust and What That Means for Our Future. Harperstudio.
    In this "New Era of Responsibility," Bernasek's message is both essential and urgent. The Economics of Integrity is a book for our times.
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  35. C. Bicchieri, E. Xiao & R. Muldoon (2011). Trustworthiness is a Social Norm, but Trusting is Not. Politics, Philosophy and Economics 10 (2):170-187.
    Previous literature has demonstrated the important role that trust plays in developing and maintaining well-functioning societies. However, if we are to learn how to increase levels of trust in society, we must first understand why people choose to trust others. One potential answer to this is that people view trust as normative: there is a social norm for trusting that imposes punishment for noncompliance. To test this, we report data from a survey with salient rewards to elicit people’s attitudes regarding (...)
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  36. Cristina Bicchieri, John Duffy & and Gil Tolle (2004). Trust Among Strangers. Philosophy of Science 71 (3):286-319.
    The paper presents a simulation of the dynamics of impersonal trust. It shows how a "trust and reciprocate" norm can emerge and stabilize in populations of conditional cooperators. The norm, or behavioral regularity, is not to be identified with a single strategy. It is instead supported by several conditional strategies that vary in the frequency and intensity of sanctions.
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  37. Cristina Bicchieri, Azi Lev-On & Alex Chavez (forthcoming). The Medium or the Message? Communication Relevance and Richness in Trust Games. Synthese.
    Subjects communicated prior to playing trust games; the richness of the communication media and the topics of conversation were manipulated. Communication richness failed to produce significant differences in first-mover investments. However, the topics of conversation made a significant difference: the amounts sent were considerably higher in the unrestricted communication conditions than in the restricted communication and no-communication conditions. Most importantly, we find that first-movers’ expectations of second-movers’ reciprocation are influenced by communication and strongly predict their levels of investment.
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  38. Cristina Bicchieri, Ram Mudambi & Pietro Navarra (2005). A Matter of Trust: The Search for Accountability in Italian Politics, 1990–2000. Mind and Society 4 (1):129-148.
    During the Nineties Italian politics underwent major changes. Following the uncovering of systemic corruption, the current political establishment was wiped out. The system of representation at both the national and local level underwent a significant transformation that improved voters’ control over their elected representatives. We argue that both events were the consequence of citizens’ demand for greater accountability of public officers. We model the relationship between voters and politicians as a repeated Trust game. In such game, cooperation can be attained (...)
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  39. Stephanie J. Bird & David E. Housman (1995). Trust and the Collection, Selection, Analysis and Interpretation of Data: A Scientist's View. Science and Engineering Ethics 1 (4).
    Trust is a critical component of research: trust in the work of co-workers and colleagues within the scientific community; trust in the work of research scientists by the non-research community. A wide range of factors, including internally and externally generated pressures and practical and personal limitations, affect the research process. The extent to which these factors are understood and appreciated influence the development of trust in scientific research findings.
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  40. Robert L. Birmingham (1969). The Prisoner's Dilemma and Mutual Trust: Comment. Ethics 79 (2):156-158.
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  41. Nicole Bishop (1996). Trust is Not Enough: Classroom Self-Disclosure and the Loss of Private Lives. Journal of Philosophy of Education 30 (3):429–439.
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  42. Keith Blois (2003). Is It Commercially Irresponsible to Trust? Journal of Business Ethics 45 (3):183 - 193.
    This paper considers a recent U.K. legal dispute where a supplier sued a large organization, which had been a long-term customer, for breach of implied contract. It uses this case to discuss aspects of the nature of trust between organizations. The discussion encompasses a consideration of the distinction between trust and reliability; and, why the concept of blanket trust is not helpful. In conclusion, by contrasting business-to-business and personal relationships, the paper suggests that firms in their relationships with other institutions (...)
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  43. Louis H. Bluhm (1987). Trust, Terrorism, and Technology. Journal of Business Ethics 6 (5):333 - 341.
    The development of civilization implies an evolution of complex trust mechanisms which integrate the social system and form bonds which allow individuals to interact, even if they are strangers. Key elements of trust are predictability of consequences and an evaluation of consequences in terms of self-interest or values. Values, ethics, and norms enhance predictability. The terrorist introduces an unpredictable event which has negative consequences, thus destroying trust. However, terrorist-like situations occur in day-to-day activities. Technology itself makes the world more interdependent (...)
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  44. Friedel Bolle (1998). Rewarding Trust: An Experimental Study. Theory and Decision 45 (1):83-98.
    The issue of trust has recently attracted growing attention in research on work relations, capital – owner relations, cultural influences on the economic structures of different countries, and other topics. This paper analyzes a simple experiment on trust and the reward of trust. Mr A is endowed with DM 80. He decides to trust Ms B (and give her his money) or not. Ms B is able to double the sum of money (if she gets it) and can then decide (...)
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  45. Jonathan Bolton (2000). Trust and the Healing Encounter: An Examination of an Unorthodox Healing Performance. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 21 (4).
    Just why a patient should trust a particular healer isa question that has not been adequately explored inthe literature on healing. This ethnographiccase-report examines the healing performance of achiropractor and proposes that it contains fourintrinsic claims to trustworthiness: he claims to bea qualified and sincere healer who is inpossession of knowledge and techniques that derivetheir power from their truth content and whichempower him to make beneficial changes in thepatient. Taking each claim in turn I described thenature of the claim, how (...)
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  46. Richard Bourke (2000). Liberty, Authority, and Trust in Burke's Idea of Empire. Journal of the History of Ideas 61 (3):453-471.
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  47. George G. Brenkert (1998). Trust, Morality and International Business. Business Ethics Quarterly 8 (2):293-317.
    This paper argues that trust is one of the crucial bases for an international business morality. To defend this claim, it identifies three prominent senses of trust in the current literature and defends one of them, viz., what I term the “Attitudinal view.” Three differentcontexts in which such trust plays a role in business relationships are then described, as well as the conditions for the specific kinds ofAttitudinal trust which appear in those contexts. Difficulties for the international development of these (...)
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  48. George G. Brenkert (1998). Trust, Business and Business Ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 8 (2):195-203.
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  49. George G. Brenkert (1997). Marketing Trust. Business and Professional Ethics Journal 16 (1/2/3):77-98.
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  50. Andrew Brien (1998). Professional Ethics and the Culture of Trust. Journal of Business Ethics 17 (4):391 - 409.
    The cause of ethical failure in organisations often can be traced to their organisational culture and the failure on the part of the leadership to actively promote ethical ideals and practices. This is true of all types of organisations, including the professions, which in recent years have experienced ongoing ethical problems. The questions naturally arise: what sort of professional culture promotes ethical behaviour? How can it be implemented by a profession and engendered in the individual professional? The answers to these (...)
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  51. Frans W. A. Brom (2000). Food, Consumer Concerns, and Trust: Food Ethics for a Globalizing Market. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 12 (2):127-139.
    The use of biotechnology in food productiongives rise to consumer concerns. The term ``consumerconcern'' is often used as a container notion. Itincludes concerns about food safety, environmental andanimal welfare consequences of food productionsystems, and intrinsic moral objections againstgenetic modification. In order to create clarity adistinction between three different kinds of consumerconcern is proposed. Consumer concerns can be seen assigns of loss of trust. Maintaining consumer trustasks for governmental action. Towards consumerconcerns, governments seem to have limitedpossibilities for public policy. Under current (...)
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  52. Julie Brownlie (2008). Conceptualizing Trust and Health. In Julie Brownlie, Alexandra Greene & Alexandra Howson (eds.), Researching Trust and Health. Routledge.
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  53. Julie Brownlie, Alexandra Greene & Alexandra Howson (eds.) (2008). Researching Trust and Health. Routledge.
    There is currently a lively debate about the nature of trust and the conditions necessary to establish and sustain it. Yet, to date, there has been little systematic exploration of these issues. While social scientists are beginning to tease out the nature of trust, there are few published accounts exploring these themes through empirical work There is thus a need for empirically based research, which intelligently unravels this complexity to support all stakeholders in the health arena. This multidisciplinary volume addresses (...)
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  54. Luigino Bruni & Robert Sugden (2000). Moral Canals: Trust and Social Capital in the Work of Hume, Smith and Genovesi. Economics and Philosophy 16 (1):21-45.
    It is a truism that a market economy cannot function without trust. We must be able to rely on other people to respect our property rights, and on our trading partners to keep their promises. The theory of economics is incomplete unless it can explain why economic agents often trust one another, and why that trust is often repaid. There is a long history of work in economics and philosophy which tries to explain the kinds of reasoning that people use (...)
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  55. Allen Buchanan (2000). Trust in Managed Care Organizations. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 10 (3):189-212.
    : Two basic criticisms of managed care are that it erodes patient trust in physicians and subjects physicians to incentives and pressures that compromise the physician's fiduciary obligation to the patient. In this article, I first distinguish between status trust and merit trust, and then argue (1) that the value of status trust in physicians is probably over-rated and certainly underdocumented; (2) that erosion of status trust may not be detrimental if accompanied by an increase in well-founded merit trust; and (...)
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  56. Ann K. Buchholtz (2001). Trust, Risk, and Shareholder Decision Making. Business Ethics Quarterly 11 (1):177-193.
    Shareholders' relationship to the firm is a central theme in corporate governance, yet the investors' perspective has beenvirtually ignored in governance research. This paper attempts to explain the previously unexplored role of trust in the investordecision-making process. The proposed model suggests that trust acts as the antecedent of the risk variable in existing investordecision-making models. Stock ownership involves both financial and ethical risk, which by definition requires some level of implicit trust in management and the market.
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  57. Otávio Bueno & Jody Azzouni (2005). Review of D. Mac Kenzie, Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust. [REVIEW] Philosophia Mathematica 13 (3):319-325.
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  58. Regula Valérie Burri (2007). Deliberating Risks Under Uncertainty: Experience, Trust, and Attitudes in a Swiss Nanotechnology Stakeholder Discussion Group. NanoEthics 1 (2).
    Scientific knowledge has not stabilized in the current, early, phase of research and development of nanotechnologies creating a challenge to ‘upstream’ public engagement. Nevertheless, the idea that the public should be involved in deliberative discussions and assessments of emerging technologies at this early stage is widely shared among governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders. Many forums for public debate including focus groups, and citizen juries, have thus been organized to explore public opinions on nanotechnologies in a variety of countries over the past (...)
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  59. Helen Busby (2006). Consent, Trust and Ethics: Reflections on the Findings of an Interview Based Study with People Donating Blood for Genetic Research for Research Within the NHS. Clinical Ethics 1 (4):211-215.
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  60. Cam Caldwell, Brian Davis & James A. Devine (2009). Trust, Faith, and Betrayal: Insights From Management for the Wise Believer. Journal of Business Ethics 84:103 - 114.
    Trust within a secular or organizational context is much like the concept of faith within a religious framework. The purpose of this article is to identify parallels between trust and faith, particularly from the individual perspective of the person who perceives a duty owed to him or her. Betrayal is often a subjectively derived construct based upon each individual's subjective mediating lens. We analyze the nature of trust and betrayal and offer insights that a wise believer might use in understanding (...)
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  61. Cam Caldwell & Rolf D. Dixon (2010). Love, Forgiveness, and Trust: Critical Values of the Modern Leader. Journal of Business Ethics 93 (1).
    In a world that has become increasingly dependent upon employee ownership, commitment, and initiative, organizations need leaders who can inspire their␣employees and motivate them individually. Love, forgiveness, and trust are critical values of today’s organization leaders who are committed to maximizing value for organizations while helping organization members to become their best. We explain the importance of love, forgiveness, and trust in the modern organization and identify 10 commonalities of these virtues.
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  62. Cam Caldwell, Linda A. Hayes, Patricia Bernal & Ranjan Karri (2008). Ethical Stewardship – Implications for Leadership and Trust. Journal of Business Ethics 78 (1-2):153 - 164.
    Great leaders are ethical stewards who generate high levels of commitment from followers. In this paper, we propose that perceptions about the trustworthiness of leader behaviors enable those leaders to be perceived as ethical stewards. We define ethical stewardship as the honoring of duties owed to employees, stakeholders, and society in the pursuit of long-term wealth creation. Our model of relationship between leadership behaviors, perceptions of trustworthiness, and the nature of ethical stewardship reinforces the importance of ethical governance in dealing (...)
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  63. Cam Caldwell & Ranjan Karri (2005). Organizational Governance and Ethical Systems: A Covenantal Approach to Building Trust. Journal of Business Ethics 58 (1-3):249 - 259.
    . American businesses and corporate executives are faced with a serious problem the loss of public confidence. Public criticism, increased government controls, and growing expectations for improved financial performance and accountability have accompanied this decline in trust. Traditional approaches to corporate governance, typified by agency theory and stakeholder theory, have been expensive to direct and have focused on short-term profits and organizational systems that fail to achieve desired results. We explain why the organizational governance theories are fundamentally, inadequate to build (...)
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  64. Linda Cam Caldwell, Patricia Bernal A. Hayes & Ranjan Karri (forthcoming). Ethical Stewardship – Implications for Leadership and Trust. Journal of Business Ethics.
    Great leaders are ethical stewards who generate high levels of commitment from followers. In this paper, we propose that perceptions about the trustworthiness of leader behaviors enable those leaders to be perceived as ethical stewards. We define ethical stewardship as the honoring of duties owed to employees, stakeholders, and society in the pursuit of long-term wealth creation. Our model of relationship between leadership behaviors, perceptions of trustworthiness, and the nature of ethical stewardship reinforces the importance of ethical governance in dealing (...)
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  65. Annamaria Carusi (2011). Trust in the Virtual/Physical Interworld. In Charles Ess & May Thorseth (eds.), Trust in Virtual Worlds: Contemporary Perspectives.
    The borders between the physical and the virtual are ever-more porous in the daily lives of those of us who live in Internet enabled societies. An increasing number of our daily interactions and transactions take place on the Internet. Social, economic, educational, medical, scientific and other activities are all permeated by the digital in one or other kind of virtual environment. Hand in hand with the ever-increasing reach of the Internet, the digital and the virtual, go concerns about trust. In (...)
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  66. Annamaria Carusi (2009). Implicit Trust in the Space of Reasons. Journal of Social Epistemology 23 (1):25-43.
    Pila (2009) has criticised the recommendations made by requirements engineers involved in the design of a grid technology for the support of distributed readings of mammograms made by Jirotka et al. (2005). The disagreement between them turns on the notion of “biographical familiarity” and whether it can be a sound basis for trust for the performances of professionals such as radiologists. In the first two sections, this paper gives an interpretation of the position of each side in this disagreement and (...)
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  67. Annamaria Carusi (2009). Implicit Trust in the Space of Reasons and Implications for Technology Design: A Response to Justine Pila. Social Epistemology 23 (1):25-43.
    In this issue, Pila (2009) has criticised the recommendations made by requirements engineers involved in the design of a grid technology for the support of distributed readings of mammograms made by Jirotka et al. (2005). The disagreement between them turns on the notion of “biographical familiarity” and whether it can be a sound basis for trust for the performances of professionals such as radiologists. In the first two sections, this paper gives an interpretation of the position of each side in (...)
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  68. Annamaria Carusi (2008). Scientific Visualisations and Aesthetic Grounds for Trust. Ethics and Information Technology 10 (4).
    The collaborative ‹Big Science’ approach prevalent in physics during the mid- and late-20th century is becoming more common in the life sciences. Often computationally mediated, these collaborations challenge researchers’ trust practices. Focusing on the visualisations that are often at the heart of this form of scientific practice, the paper proposes that the aesthetic aspects of these visualisations are themselves a way of securing trust. Kant’s account of aesthetic judgements in the Third Critique is drawn upon in order to show that (...)
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  69. Roberto Casati (2010). Trust, Secrecy and Accuracy in Voting Systems: The Case for Transparency. Mind and Society 9 (1):19-23.
    If voting systems are to be trusted, they not only need to preserve both secrecy (if requested) and accuracy, but the mechanisms that preserve these features should be transparent, in the sense of being both cognitively understandable and accessible. Electronic voting systems, much as they promise accuracy in counting, and on top of being criticized for their insufficient protection of secrecy, violate the transparency requirement.
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  70. Sandro Castaldo, Francesco Perrini, Nicola Misani & Antonio Tencati (2009). The Missing Link Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumer Trust: The Case of Fair Trade Products. Journal of Business Ethics 84 (1):1 - 15.
    This paper investigates the link between the consumer perception that a company is socially oriented and the consumer intention to buy products marketed by that company. We suggest that this link exists when at least two conditions prevail: (1) the products sold by that company comply with ethical and social requirements; (2) the company has an acknowledged commitment to protect consumer rights and interests. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a survey among the clients of retail chains offering Fair Trade (...)
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  71. Sandro Castaldo, Katia Premazzi & Fabrizio Zerbini (forthcoming). The Meaning(s) of Trust. A Content Analysis on the Diverse Conceptualizations of Trust in Scholarly Research on Business Relationships. Journal of Business Ethics.
    Scholarly research largely converges on the argument that trust is of paramount importance to drive economic agents toward mutually satisfactory, fair, and ethically compliant behaviors. There is, however, little agreement on the meaning of trust, whose conceptualizations differ with respect to actors, relationships, behaviors, and contexts. At present, we know much better what trust does than what trust is . In this article, we present an extensive review and analysis of the most prominent articles on trust in market relationships. Using (...)
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  72. John W. Chadwick (1898). Book Review:Voices of Doubt and Trust. Volney Streamer. [REVIEW] Ethics 8 (2):265-.
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  73. Marjorie Chan (2003). Corporate Espionage and Workplace Trust/Distrust. Journal of Business Ethics 42 (1):45 - 58.
    The central focus of this research is: The growing corporate espionage activities due to fierce competition lead to highly controlling security measures and intensive employee monitoring which bring about distrust in the workplace. The paper examines various research works on trust and distrust. It highlights the conflictful demands managers face. They have to deter espionage activities, but at the same time, build trusting relationships in the workplace. The paper also describes various operations, personnel, physical and technical countermeasuresto combat corporate espionage (...)
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  74. Yu-Shan Chen (2010). The Drivers of Green Brand Equity: Green Brand Image, Green Satisfaction, and Green Trust. Journal of Business Ethics 93 (2).
    This article proposed four novel constructs – green brand image, green satisfaction, green trust, and green brand equity, and explored the positive relationships between green brand equity and its three drivers – green brand image, green satisfaction, and green trust. The object of this research study was information and electronics products in Taiwan. This research employed an empirical study by use of the questionnaire survey method. The questionnaires were randomly mailed to consumers who had the experience of purchasing information and (...)
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  75. Jyh-Shen Chiou & Lee-Yun Pan (2008). The Impact of Social Darwinism Perception, Status Anxiety, Perceived Trust of People, and Cultural Orientation on Consumer Ethical Beliefs. Journal of Business Ethics 78 (4):487 - 502.
    This study intends to explore the effects of political, social and cultural values on consumers’ ethical beliefs regarding questionable consumption behaviors. The variables examined include status anxiety, social Darwinism perception, perceived trust of people, and cultural orientation. Based on a field survey in Taiwan, the results showed that consumers with low ethical beliefs have higher perception of social Darwinism and status anxiety than consumers possess neutral and high ethical beliefs. The result also showed that the neutral ethics group had higher (...)
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  76. Chong Ju Choi, Tarek Ibrahim Eldomiaty & Sae Won Kim (2007). Consumer Trust, Social Marketing and Ethics of Welfare Exchange. Journal of Business Ethics 74 (1):17 - 23.
    The global corporate scandals such as Enron, Worldcom and Global Crossing have raised fundamental issues of business ethics as well as economic, social and anthropological questions concerning the nature of business competition and global capitalism. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to introduce the concept of "welfare exchange" to the existing notions of economic, social and anthropological notions of business and exchange in markets and society in the 21st century. Global competition and business success in the 21st century continue (...)
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  77. Chalmers C. Clark (2003). The Physician's Role, "Sham Surgery," and Trust: A Conflict of Duties? American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):57-58.
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  78. Chalmers C. Clark (2002). Trust in Medicine. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 27 (1):11 – 29.
    Trust relations in medicine are argued to be a requisite response to the special vulnerability of persons as patients. Even so, the problem of motivating trust remains a vital concern. On this score, it is argued that a strong motivation can be found in recognizing that professional self-interest actually entails cultivation of patient trust as a means to maintain professional self-governance. And while the initial move to restore trust must be provoked from such narrow concerns, the process of sustaining trust (...)
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  79. Simon Clarke, A Trust-Based Argument Against Paternalism.
    This essay addresses the role of trust in political philosophy. In particular, it examines the idea that trust is necessary for a particular type of government action — paternalistic action — to be justified. Liberal theory and liberal democratic practice are characterized by a large degree of anti-paternalism, understanding paternalism to be the restriction of individual liberty for a person’s good, instead of to protect or benefit others. It would be a mistake to think that liberal democracies have no paternalism; (...)
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  80. Axel Cleeremans, Is It Better to Think Unconsciously or to Trust.
    According to unconscious thought theory, complex decisions are best made after a period of distraction assumed to elicit ‘‘unconscious thought.’’ Here, the authors suggest instead that the superiority of decisions made after distraction results from the fact that conscious deliberation can deteriorate impressions formed on-line during information acquisition. The authors found that participants instructed to form an impression made better decisions after distraction than after deliberation, thereby replicating earlier findings. However, decisions made immediately were just as good as decisions made (...)
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  81. Axel Cleeremans, Is It Better to Think Unconsciously or to Trust Your First Impression? A Reassessment of Unconscious Thought Theory.
    According to Unconscious Thought Theory (Dijksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006), complex decisions are best made after a period of distraction assumed to elicit “unconscious thought”. Here, we suggest instead that the superiority of decisions made after distraction results from the fact that conscious deliberation can deteriorate impressions formed online during information acquisition. We found that participants instructed to form an impression made better decisions after distraction than after deliberation, thereby replicating earlier findings. However, decisions made immediately were just as good as (...)
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  82. Fabrice Clément (2010). To Trust or Not to Trust? Children's Social Epistemology. Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1 (4):531-549.
    Philosophers agree that an important part of our knowledge is acquired via testimony. One of the main objectives of social epistemology is therefore to specify the conditions under which a hearer is justified in accepting a proposition stated by a source. Non-reductionists, who think that testimony could be considered as an a priori source of knowledge, as well as reductionists, who think that another type of justification has to be added to testimony, share a common conception about children development. Non-reductionists (...)
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  83. Fabrice Clément, Melissa Koenig & Paul Harris (2004). The Ontogenesis of Trust. Mind and Language 19 (4):360–379.
    Psychologists have emphasized children's acquisition of information through firsthand observation. However, many beliefs are acquired from others' testimony. In two experiments, most 4yearolds displayed sceptical trust in testimony. Having heard informants' accurate or inaccurate testimony, they anticipated that informants would continue to display such differential accuracy and they trusted the hitherto reliable informant. Yet they ignored the testimony of the reliable informant if it conflicted with what they themselves had seen. By contrast, threeyearolds were less selective in trusting a reliable (...)
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  84. Fabrice Clement, Melissa Koenig & Paul Harris (2004). The Ontogenesis of Trust. Mind and Language 19 (4):360-379.
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  85. Marc A. Cohen & John Dienhart (2013). Moral and Amoral Conceptions of Trust, with an Application in Organizational Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 112 (1):1-13.
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  86. Stewart Cohen (1999). Lehrer on Coherence and Self-Trust. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59 (4):1043-1048.
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  87. Bart J. Collopy (1999). The Moral Underpinning of the Proxy-Provider Relationship: Issues of Trust and Distrust. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 27 (1):37-45.
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  88. Rory J. Conces (1997). Contract, Trust, and Resistance in the 'Second Treatise'. The Locke Newsletter (28):117-33.
  89. Karen S. Cook & Irena Stepanikova (2008). The Health Care Outcomes of Trust: A Review of Empirical Evidence. [REVIEW] In Julie Brownlie, Alexandra Greene & Alexandra Howson (eds.), Researching Trust and Health. Routledge.
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  90. D. E. Cooper (1985). Trust. Journal of Medical Ethics 11 (2):92-93.
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  91. L. Cornu (2008). Trust, Strangeness and Hospitality. Diogenes 55 (4):15-26.
    This paper presents a way of building social cohesion open to diversity, assuming that democracy is alive only when it is reinvented. It challenges social trust to welcome diversity, thus allowing for a continual reinvention of democratic cohesion. Articulating cultural diversity and trust represents a major challenge for democratic coexistence. Philosophy is called to take into account the existing models of social cohesion and trust, and to reinvent democracy by defining a new paradigm of trust integrating social and cultural diversity.
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  92. Carole L. Jurkiewicz Coughlin (1993). “In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash”. Business and Professional Ethics Journal 12 (2).
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  93. Peter C. Cramton (1995). Deception and Mutual Trust. Business Ethics Quarterly 5 (4):823-832.
    Alan Strudler has written a stimulating and provocative article about deception in negotiation. He presents his views, in part, in contrast with our earlier work on the Mutual Trust Perspective. We believe that Strudler is wrong in his account of the ethics of deception in negotiation and in his quick dismissal of the Mutual Trust Perspective. Though his mistakes may be informative, his views are potentially harmful to business practice. In this paper, we present arguments against Strudler’s position and attempt (...)
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  94. Evelien Croonen (forthcoming). Trust and Fairness During Strategic Change Processes in Franchise Systems. Journal of Business Ethics.
    A very important challenge for franchisors is adapting the strategies of their franchise systems to new threats and opportunities. During such strategic change processes (SCPs) franchisees are often required to make major financial investments and/or adjustments in their trade practices without any guarantee of positive benefits. It is, therefore, important that franchisees trust their franchisors during such change processes and that they perceive the change process as fair. This article aims to generate theory on franchisees’ perceptions of trust and fairness (...)
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  95. Richard Cytowic (2003). The Clinician's Paradox: Believing Those You Must Not Trust. Journal of Consciousness Studies 10.
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  96. Ingolf U. Dalferth (2010). In God We Trust" : Trust, Mistrust and Distrust as Modes of Orientation. In Arne Grøn & Claudia Welz (eds.), Trust, Sociality, Selfhood. Mohr Siebeck.
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  97. Robert Damien & Christian Lazzeri (eds.) (2006). Conflit, Confiance. Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté.
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  98. John Darley (1998). Trust in Organizations. Business Ethics Quarterly 8 (2):319-335.
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  99. Nancy Daukas (2006). Epistemic Trust and Social Location. Episteme 3 (1-2):109-124.
    Epistemic trustworthiness is defined as a complex character state that supervenes on a relation between first- and second-order beliefs, including beliefs about others as epistemic agents. In contexts shaped by unjust power relations, its second-order components create a mutually supporting link between a deficiency in epistemic character and unjust epistemic exclusion on the basis of group membership. In this way, a deficiency in the virtue of epistemic trustworthiness plays into social/epistemic interactions that perpetuate social injustice. Overcoming that deficiency and, along (...)
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  100. William Davies (2011). Knowing the Unknowable: The Epistemological Authority of Innovation Policy Experts. Social Epistemology 25 (4):401 - 421.
    Contemporary developed western economies are commonly referred to as ?knowledge-based? economies, which compete through drawing on the innovative and creative capacities of their local populations. Economic policy-makers must invest in and conserve the social, cultural and public resources that underpin dynamic and disruptive competitive activities, namely technological innovation and entrepreneurship, which bring new ideas and products to market. But these resources defy orthodox forms of economic knowledge and quantification. Their trajectories and outcomes are intrinsically uncertain. The paper draws on interviews (...)
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