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  1. The ethology of inter-individual differences.Popko P. van der Molen - 1979 - Acta Biotheoretica 28 (2):123-134.
    In recent times psychologists have shown a growing interest in ethological methods of data collection. At the same time ethologists are showing a growing interest in the methods of data processing as developed in personality psychology. These methods of data processing appear to be most useful to ethological research when investigating differences between individuals. Using factor analysis of aggressive behaviour as an example, it is argued that an ethological approach which focusses on individual differences may add substantial information to the (...)
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  • Bi-stability Of Emotions And Motivations: An evolutionary consequence of the open-ended capacity for learning.P. P. van der Molen - 1984 - Acta Biotheoretica 33 (4):227-251.
    Species, endowed with an open-ended capacity for learning, which is one of the highest evolutionary achievements,will profit most from this ability, if they are urged one way or other to invest any surplus of energy in expanding and refining their behavioural repertoire and in adapting it to prevailing circumstances, while incurring as little risk and stress as possible.It is therefore argued that an open-ended capacity for learning is maximally adding to survival if paired to two distinct tendencies: a tendency to (...)
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  • Towards a field theory of behaviour.Koenraad Kortmulder - 1994 - Acta Biotheoretica 42 (4):281-293.
    Classical ethology, with its emphasis on separability of parts, has largely failed to do justice to the wholeness of the individual animal, to the integrity of group behaviour and to the continuity between observable behaviour and consciousness. Field theory has potentialities to do better, as illustrated in this paper with reference to morphogenetic and behavioural fields. A behavioural domain is delineated — playlike behaviour — where field theory is particularly relevant. It is shown that the concept of symmetry can suggest (...)
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  • The congener; a neglected area in the study of behaviour.Koenraad Kortmulder - 1986 - Acta Biotheoretica 35 (1-2):39-67.
    This paper seeks a deeper understanding of the congener as a factor in animal and human behaviour. It does so, not by concentrating on analyses of stimulus exchanges - largely specific to the species - by which a congener is recognized, but on the more general questions of why a notion of congener exists at all and why it plays such an extraordinary important role in animal and human behaviour.Three separate approaches, by way of anthropomorphic psychology, a paraphysical energy model (...)
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  • Play-like behaviour: An essay in speculative ethology.K. Kortmulder - 1983 - Acta Biotheoretica 32 (3):145-166.
    It is claimed that certain processes of individual behaviour and of interaction between individuals run parallel. Such parallels are seen along three axes: antagonism-coordination, constriction-expansion and neutral-play-like.Characteristics of ritualized behaviour and play are analysed and the two categories of behaviour are compared in detail. They are shown to differ largely in degree of expansion. They also differ along the antagonism-coordination axis. Both are play-like.
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  • Keeping together in time, or the natural history of social cohesion. A critical evaluation of W.h. McNeill's new book (1995). [REVIEW]K. Kortmulder - 1997 - Acta Biotheoretica 45 (1):87-91.
  • Displacement behaviour solving a silent contradiction.Koenraad Kortmulder - 1998 - Acta Biotheoretica 46 (1):53-63.
    Displacement acts, once a hot topic in ethology, but wrapped in silence for two decades since, have recently been suggested to indicate and relax social tension (Maestripieri et al., 1992; Wiepkema, 1987). The first of these contentions seems to be in contradiction with some of the classical ethological studies of displacement behaviour, in particular those supporting the disinhibition hypothesis, since the latter would not predict any positive correlation between amount of tension (i.c. intensity of the conflict) and the occurrence of (...)
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