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  1. Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) – Lassen sich Amputationen gesunder Gliedmaßen ethisch rechtfertigen?Sabine Müller - 2008 - Ethik in der Medizin 20 (4):287-299.
    Unter Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) versteht man das sehr seltene Phänomen, dass jemand die Amputation einer oder mehrerer gesunder Gliedmaßen oder die Beibringung einer Querschnittslähmung verlangt. Manche dieser Menschen verstümmeln sich selbst; andere fordern von Chirurgen eine Amputation oder die Durchtrennung des Rückenmarks. Von Psychologen und Psychiatern gibt es unterschiedliche Erklärungsansätze für dieses Phänomen; bisher ist aber keine erfolgreiche psychotherapeutische oder pharmazeutische Therapie bekannt. Betroffenenvertreter erklären den Amputationswunsch in Analogie zu dem Verlangen von Transsexuellen nach chirurgischer Angleichung an ihr (...)
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  • Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID)—Is the Amputation of Healthy Limbs Ethically Justified?Sabine Müller - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (1):36-43.
    The term body integrity identity disorder (BIID) describes the extremely rare phenomenon of persons who desire the amputation of one or more healthy limbs or who desire a paralysis. Some of these persons mutilate themselves; others ask surgeons for an amputation or for the transection of their spinal cord. Psychologists and physicians explain this phenomenon in quite different ways; but a successful psychotherapeutic or pharmaceutical therapy is not known. Lobbies of persons suffering from BIID explain the desire for amputation in (...)
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  • Being whole after amputation.Jenny Slatman & Guy Widdershoven - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (1):48 – 49.
  • Out on a limb: The ethical management of body integrity identity disorder.Christopher James Ryan - 2008 - Neuroethics 2 (1):21-33.
    Body integrity identity disorder (BIID), previously called apotemnophilia, is an extremely rare condition where sufferers desire the amputation of a healthy limb because of distress associated with its presence. This paper reviews the medical and philosophical literature on BIID. It proposes an evidenced based and ethically informed approach to its management. Amputation of a healthy limb is an ethically defensible treatment option in BIID and should be offered in some circumstances, but only after clarification of the diagnosis and consideration of (...)
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  • How vestibular stimulation interacts with illusory hand ownership.Christophe Lopez, Bigna Lenggenhager & Olaf Blanke - 2010 - Consciousness and Cognition 19 (1):33-47.
    Artificial stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system has been shown to improve ownership of body parts in neurological patients, suggesting vestibular contributions to bodily self-consciousness. Here, we investigated whether galvanic vestibular stimulation interferes with the mechanisms underlying ownership, touch, and the localization of one’s own hand in healthy participants by using the “rubber hand illusion” paradigm. Our results show that left anodal GVS increases illusory ownership of the fake hand and illusory location of touch. We propose that these changes are (...)
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  • Autonomy is (largely) irrelevant.Neil Levy - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (1):50 – 51.
  • Apotemnophilia: ethical considerations of amputating a healthy limb.A. Dua - 2010 - Journal of Medical Ethics 36 (2):75-78.
    Apotemnophilia is a condition that causes those who have it to not feel “correct” in their own bodies. As a result, an intense obsession develops with removing the limb; this obsession hinders tremendously the patients' social behaviour and societal integration. These patients, in some respects resembling transgendered individuals, feel that the body part (limb) in question is simply “not a part of themselves”, causing them to feel uncomfortable in their own bodies. Whether amputations should be performed on apotemnophiles or not (...)
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  • Pain and Bodily Care: Whose Body Matters?Frederique de Vignemont - 2015 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 93 (3):542-560.
    Pain is unpleasant. It is something that one avoids as much as possible. One might then claim that one wants to avoid pain because one cares about one's body. On this view, individuals who do not experience pain as unpleasant and to be avoided, like patients with pain asymbolia, do not care about their body. This conception of pain has been recently defended by Bain [2014] and Klein [forthcoming]. In their view, one needs to care about one's body for pain (...)
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  • Looking for blindness: first-hand accounts of people with BID.Alessandro Capodici, Giovanni Pennisi & Antonino Pennisi - forthcoming - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences:1-14.
    The label Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) refers to a heterogeneous class of conditions whose sufferers desire a particular type of physical impairment. Variants of the desire for disability share the experiential “friction” elicited by the mismatch between the physical body and the subjective body. Perceived from childhood, body integrity dysphoria intensifies progressively throughout life, often leading sufferers to simulate disability and attempt to engage in self-injury. The contemporary scientific community agrees on the assumption that BID is a complex phenomenon that (...)
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  • Apotemnophilia: a neurological disorder.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - unknown
    Apotemnophilia, a disorder that blurs the distinction between neurology and psychiatry, is characterized by the intense and longstanding desire for amputation of a speci¢c limb. Here we present evidence from two individuals suggestive that this condition, long thought to be entirely psychological in origin, actually has a neurological basis. We found heightened skin conductance response..
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