Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Ontology of Perception

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives

Abstract

The chapter deals with the ontology of pereption and presents the basis of a science of appearances. Even when current perceptual science deals with qualitative aspects of experience, it almost exclusively explains perceptions in terms of quantitatively understood stimuli. Given that almost no aspect of perception is quantitative in nature, a properly qualitative understanding of perceptual experience is needed. Accordingly, the chapter presents the main aspects of such a qualitative understanding of perception.

Das Eigentümliche der Gestalt sich in Verhältnissen erschöpfe

(Gelb)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Albers, J. 1963. Interaction of color. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelson, E.H. 1993. Perceptual organization and the judgment of brightness. Science 262:2042–2044

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 1998. Form metaphysics. In Shapes of forms, ed. L. Albertazzi, From gestalt psychology to phenomenology to ontology and mathematics, 261–310. Dordrecht: Kluwer academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 1999. The time of presentness. A chapter in positivistic and descriptive psychology. In Vittorio benussi, ed. S. Cattaruzza, special issue of Axiomathes, 10, 49–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2000a. Which Semantics. In Meaning and cognition. A multidisciplinary approach, ed. L. Albertazzi, 1–24. Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2000b. Directions and perspective points in spatial perception. In Meaning and cognition. A multidisciplinary approach, ed. L. Albertazzi, 123–143. Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2001. Vittorio Benussi. In The school of Alexius Meinong, eds. L. Albertazzi, D. Jacquette, and R. Poli, 95–133. Aldershot: Asghate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2002a. Continua. In Unfolding perceptual continua, ed. L. Albertazzi, 1–28. Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2002b. Towards a neo-aristotelian theory of continua: Elements of an empirical geometry. In Unfolding perceptual continua, ed. L. Albertazzi, 29–79. Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2002c. Kinetic structure and causatives. Axiomathes 1:17–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2003. From Kanizsa back to Benussi: Varieties of intentional reference. In The Legacy of Gaetano kanizsa, ed. L. Albertazzi, special issue of Axiomathes, 13:239–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2004. Stereokinetic shapes and their shadows. Perception 33:1437–1452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2005. Immanent realism. Berlin; New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2006a. Visual spaces. In Visual thought. The depictive space of the mind, ed. L. Albertazzi. Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2006b. Das rein figurale. Gestalt Theory 28(1/2):123–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2006c. Intentional presentations. At the roots of consciousness. In The concept of consciousness. Integrating an emergent science, ed. S. Jordan, special issue of Journal of Consciousness Studies, January 2007:94–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. 2007. Matrix: Schematic universals. In Cognitive aspects of bilingualism, eds. I. Kesckes and L. Albertazzi, 63–97. Berlin; New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Albertazzi, L. Forthcoming. Metaphorical information, In: Perception beyond inference. The information content of visual processes, eds. Albertazzi, L., G. van Tonder, and D. Vishwanath, MIT Press, Fall 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allesch, C. von 1923. Zur nichteuklidischen Struktur des phänomenales Raum. Jena: Fischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. 1960. Topica. In Loeb classical library (trans: E.S. Forster). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. 1972. De partibus animalium (trans: D.M. Balme). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. 1977. Metaphysics. In Loeb classical library, 7th ed. (trans: H. Tredennick). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. 1980. Physics. In: Loeb classical library, 5th ed. (trans: P.H. Wicksteed, F.M. Cornford). Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, Loeb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. 1983. Categories. In: Loeb classical library, eds. H.P. Cooke and T. Tredennick. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press,.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. 1986. De Anima (trans: W.S. Hett). Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnheim, R. 1954. Art and visual perception: The psychology of the creative eye. Berkeley, CA: The Regents of the University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benary, W. 1930. The influence of form on brightness contrast. In A source book of gestalt psychology, ed. W.D. Ellis, 104–108. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benussi, V. 1913. Psychologie der Zeitauffassung. Leipzig: Hölder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benussi, V. 1922–1923. Introduzione alla psicologia sperimentale. Lezioni tenute nell’anno 1922–23, typescript by Dr C. Musatti, Fondo Benussi, Milan, Bicocca University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benussi, V. 1925. La suggestione e l’ipnosi come mezzi di analisi psichica reale. Bologna: Zanichelli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, B., and P. Kay. 1969. Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertamini, M., A. Spooner, and H. Hecht. 2003. Naive optics: Predicting and perceiving reflections in mirrors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 29:982–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertamini, M., A. Spooner, and H. Hecht. 2004. The representation of naïve knowledge about physics. In Multidisciplinary approaches to visual representations and interpretations, ed. G. Malcom. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bezold, W. von. 1874. Die Farbenlehre in Hinblick auf Kunst und Kunstgewerbe. Braunschweig: Westermann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bozzi, P., and P. Bressan. 1987. On the perception of launched projectiles. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Event Perception and Action, 49. Trieste: Dec Sistemi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brentano, F. 1981. The theory of categories, eds. R.M. Chisholm and N. Guterman, Den Haag, Nijhoff (1st German ed. 1933, ed. by A. Kastil, Leipzig, Meiner).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brentano, F. 1988. Philosophical lectures on space, time and the continuum, ed. S. Körner and R. M. Chisholm. London: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brentano, F. 1995a. Psychology from an empirical standpoint, ed. L. McAlister. London: Routledge (Translation of the 2nd ed. with an Introduction and notes by O. Kraus, Leipzig 1924) (1st German ed. 1874, Leipzig Duncker and Humblot).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brentano, F. 1995b. Descriptive psychology, ed. B. Müller. London: Routledge (1st German ed. 1982, ed. by R.M. Chisholm and W. Baumgartner, Hamburg, Meiner).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunswik, E. 1934. Wahrnehmung und Gegengstandwelt. Grundlegung einer Psychologie der Gegenstand her. Leipzig: Deuticke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, L. 1952. On the tunnel effect. Quarterly Journal for Experimental Psychology 4:121–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Da Pos, O., and Albertazzi, L. 2010. It is in the nature of color...’. Seeing and Perceiving 23:39–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidoff, J., I. Davies, and D. Roberson. 1999. Color categories in a stone-age tribe. Nature 398:203–204, 402, 604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eco, U. 1997. Kant e l’ornitorinco. Milan: Bompiani.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finke, R.A., J.J. Freyd, and G.C.W. Shyi. 1986. Implied velocity and acceleration induce transformations of visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115:175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freyd, J.J. 1987. Dynamic mental representations. Psychological Review 94:427–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freyd, J.J., and R.A. Finke. 1984. Representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 10:126–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frölich, F.W. 1923. Ãœber die Messung der Empfindungszeit. Zeitschrift für Sinnespsychologie 54:58–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, W. 1923. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Änderung von Farben unter dem Einfluss von Gestalten (Angleichungserscheinungen). Zeitschrift für Psychologie 92:249–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garner, W.R. 1962. Uncertainty and structure as psychological concepts. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelb, W. 1938. The colour constancy of visual things. In A source book of gestalt psychology, ed. W. Ellis, 196–209. London, Routledge (Original 1929).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J.J. 1950. The perception of visual surfaces. American Journal of Psychology 63:367–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J.J. 1979. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston, MA: Houton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J.J., and D. Waddell. 1952. Homogeneous retinal stimulation and visual perception. American Journal of Psychology 65:263–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goethe, W. 1970. Theory of colors. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldmeier, E. 1982. The memory trace: Its formation and its fate. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber, R.N., and L.R. Haber. 1988. Eidetic imagery as cognitive skill. In The exceptional brain: The neuropsychology of talent and special skills, eds. L. Obler, and D. Fein, 218–241. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, N. 1935. Grundlegung der Ontologie. Berlin: De Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, N. 1950. Abriss der speziellen Kategorienlehre. Berlin: De Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield, G., and W. Epstein. 1985. The status of minimum principle in the theoretical analysis of visual perception. Psychological Bulletin 97(2):155–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heidegger, M. 1953. Being and time. Albany: State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heider, F., and M. Simmel. 1944. An experimental study of apparent behaviour. American Journal of Psychology 57:243–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hering, E. 1964. Outlines of a theory of light sense. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochberg, E., W. Triebel, and G. Seaman. 1951. Color adaptation underconditions of homogeneous visual stimulation (Ganzfeld). Journal of Experimental Psychology 44:153–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochberg, J., and V. Brooks. 1960. The psychophysics of form: Reversible perspective drawing of spatial objects. American Journal of Psychology 73:337–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, D.D. 2003. The interaction of colour and motion. In Colour perception: Mind and the physical world, eds. R. Mausfed, and D. Heyer, 361–377. Oxford: Oxford University Press..

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, T. 1999. How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: The environmental invariant hypothesis. In Fechner day 99: The end of 20th century psychophysics. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, eds. P.R. Killeen and W.R. Uttal, 274–279. Tempe, AZ: The International Society for Psychophysics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, T. 2004. The perception of causality: Insights from Michotte’s launching effect, naïve impetus theory, and representational momentum. In Fechner Day 2004, eds. A.M. Oliveira, M.P. Teixeira, G.F. Borges, and M.J. Ferro, 116–121. Coimbra, Portugal: International Society for Psychophysics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, T., and J.J. Bharucha. 1988. Judged displacement in apparent vertical and horizonthal motion. Perception and Psychophysics 44(3):211–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, T., and M.A. Motes. 2002. Does representational momentum reflect a distortion of the length or the endpoint of a trajectory? Cognition 82:B89–B99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1966. Analysen zur passiven Syntesis, Husserliana XI. Den Haag: Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1970. Logical investigations, ed. J.N. Findlay. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1991. Lectures on internal time, ed. J.B. Brough. Dordrecht: Kluwer (Zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins, ed by R. Boehm, Den Haag, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1997. Thing und space. Dordrecht: Kluwer. (Ding und Raum. Vorlesungen 1907, ed. U. Claesges, Husserliana XVI, Den Haag, Nijhoff).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingarden, R. 1962. Untersuchungen zur Ontologie der Kunst: Musikwerk, Bild, Architecture, Film. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ingarden, R. 1968. Vom Erkennen des literarischen Kunstwerks. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Intraub, H. 2002. Anticipatory spatial representation of natural sciences: Momentum without movement?. Visual Cognition 9: 1–2, 93–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaensch, E.R. 1909. Zur Analyse der Gesichtswahrnehmungen. Erg. Band der Zeitschrift für Psychologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kammer, T., L. Lehr, and K. Kirschfeld. 1999. Cortical visual processing in tempoprally dispersed by luminance in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 263:133–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanizsa, G. 1952. Legittimità di un’analisi del processo percettivo fondata su una distinzione in fasi o stadi. Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria 15(3):251–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanizsa, G. 1960. Funktion der Microstruktur und des Randgefälles. Psychologische Beiträge 5: 93–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanizsa, G. 1980. La grammatica del vedere. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanizsa, G. 1991. Vedere e pensare. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanizsa, G., and G.B. Vicario. 1968. ‘La percezione della relazione intenzionale’. In Ricerche sperimentali sulla percezione, eds. G. Kanizsa and G.B. Vicario, 69–126. Trieste: Università degli studi di Trieste.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanizsa, G., and R. Luccio. 1985. La pregnanza e le sue ambiguità. Psicologia italiana 7: 11–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D. 1935. The world of colour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubnov and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, P., B. Berlin, L. Maffi, and W. Merrifield. 1997. Color naming across languages. In Color categories in thought and language, eds. C.L. Hardin and L. Maffi, 21–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kenkel, F. 1913. Untersuchungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Erscheinungsgrösse und Erscheinungsbewegung bei einer sogenannten optischen Täuschungen. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 67:358–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kepes, G. 1944. The language of vision. Chicago: Theobald.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khurana, B., and R. Nijhawan. 1995. Extrapolation or attention shift? Nature 378:566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klages, L. 1942. Grundlegung der Wissenschaft vom Ausdruck. Leipzig: Barth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenderink, J.J. 1984. The structure of images. Biological Cybernetics 50(5):363–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenderink, J.J., and A. van Doorn. 2002. Ecological optics and the creative eye. In Perception and the physical world, eds. D. Heyer, and R. Mausfeld, 271–304. Chichester: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenderink, J.J., and A. van Doorn. 2003. Pictorial space. In Looking into pictures, eds. H. Hecht and R. Mausfeld, 239–299. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koffka, K. 1930. Some problems of space perception. In Psychologies of 1930, ed. C. Murchison, 161–187. Worchester, MA: Clark University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Koffka, K. 1935. Principles of gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.

    Google Scholar 

  • Köhler, W. 1933. Psychologische probleme. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kopferman, H. 1930. Psychologische Untersuchungen über die Wirkung zweidimensionaler Darstellungen körperliche Gebilde. Psychologische Foschung 13:293–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovàcs, I. 2000. Human development of perceptual organization. Vision Research 40(10–12):1301–1310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreibig, J.C. 1909. Die intellektuelle Funkionen. Untersuchungen über Grenzfragen der Logik. Wien: Holder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krekelberg, B., and M. Lappe. 1999. Temporal recruitment along the trajectory of moving objects and the perception of position. Vision Research 39:2669–2679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kress, G., and T. van Leeuwen. 1996. Reading images. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroliczak G., P.F. Heard, M.A. Goodale, and R.L. Gregory. 2006. Dissociation of perception and action unmasked by the hollow-face illusion. Brain Research 1080(1):1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubovy, M., W. Epstein, and S. Gepshtein. 2002. Foundations of visual perception. In Experimental psychology, eds. A.F. Healy and R.W. Proctor, vol. 4, I.B. Weiner ed., Handbook of psychology, 87–119. New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khurana, B., K. Watanabe, and R. Nijhawan. 2000. The role of attention in motion extrapolation: Are moving objects ‘corrected’ or flashed objects attentionally delayed?. Perception 29:675–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. 1926. Vorsatz. Wille und Bedürfnis: mit Vorbemerkungen über die psychische Kräfte und Energien und die Struktur der Seele. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. 1929. Die Entwicklung der experimentellen Willenpsychologie und die Psychotherapie. Leipzig: Hirzel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyton, M. 1992. Symmetry, causality, mind. Boston: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., and A.L. Gilchrist. 1999. Relative area and relative luminance combine to anchor surface lightness values. Perception and Psychophysics 61(5):771–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libet B. 1982. Brain stimulation in the study of neuronal functions for conscious sensory experience. Human Neurobiology 1:235–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindemann, E. 1922. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Entstehen und Vergehen von Gestalten. Psychologische Forschung 2:5–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipmann, O. 1923. Bemergungen zur Gestalttheorie. Archiv für Psychologie 44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipps, Th. 1879. Raumaesthetik und geometrisch-optische Täuschungen. Leipzig: Barth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marr, D. 1982. Vision. San Francisco: Freeman Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massironi, M. 2002. The psychology of graphic images. London: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massironi, M., and P. Bonaiuto. 1966. Ricerche sull’espressività. Qualità funzionali, intenzionali e relazione di causalità in assenza di movimento reale. Rassegna di psicologia sperimentale e clinica 8:3–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthaei, R. 1929. Das Gestaltproblem. Monatschrift für Kinderheilkunde 29(1) (repr. 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mausfeld, R. 2002. The physicalistic trap in perception theory. In Perception and the physical world, eds. D. Heyer and R. Mausfeld, 75–112. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mausfeld, R. 2003. Conjoint representations and the mental capacity for multiple simultaneous perspectives. In Looking into pictures, eds. H. Hecht, R. Mausfeld, 17–60. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mausfeld, R. In press. Colour with an internalist framework: The role of ‘color’ in the structure of the perceptual system. In Color ontology and color science, eds. J. Cohen, and M. Matten. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mausfeld, R., and G. Wendt. 2006. Material appearances under minimal stimulus conditions: Lustrous and glassy qualities. Perception 35(Suppl.):213–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinong, A. 1899. Ãœber Gegenstände höherer Ordnung und deren Verhältniss zu inneren Wahrnehmung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 21:182–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinong, A. 1960. The theory of objects. In Realism and the background of phenomenology, ed. R.M. Chisholm, 76–117. Glencoe: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metelli, F. 1941. Oggettualità, stratificazione e risalto nell’organizzazione percettiva di figura e sfondo. Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria 2:831–841.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metelli, F. 1967. Zur Analyse der phänomenalen Durchsictighkeiterscheinungen. In Gestalt und Wirchlichkeit, eds. R. Mühler, and J. Fischl. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, W. 1930. Optische Untersuchungen am Ganzfeld, I, II. Psychologische Forschung 13: 6–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, W. 1934. Beobachtungen über phänomenale Identität. Psychologische Forschung 19: 40–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, W. 1941. Psychologie: die Entwicklung ihrer Grundannahmen seit der Einführung des Experiments. Dresden: Steinkopff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, W. 1966. Figural Wahrnehmung. In Handbuch der Psychologie, ed. W. Metzger, vol. I, 693–744. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, W. 1975. Gesetze des Sehens. Frankfurt: Kramer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michotte, A. 1950a. A propos de la permanence phénoménale: Faits et theories. Acta Psychologica 7:298–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michotte, A. 1950b. The emotion regarded as functional connections. In Feelings and emotions, ed. M.L. Reymert, 128–144. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michotte, A. 1963. The perception of causality. London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michotte, A., et al. 1962. Causalité, permanence et réalité phénoménales. Studia Psychologica. Louvain: Publications Universitaires.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morinaga, S. 1942. Beobachtungn über Grundlagen und Wirkungen anschaulich gleichmässiger Breite. Archiv gesamte Psychologie 110:310–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, C.L. 1924. Sui fenomeni stereocinetici. Archivio Italiano di Psicologia 3:105–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, C.L. 1928. Sui movimenti apparenti dovuti a identità di figura. Archivio Italiano di Psicologia 6:205–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, C.L. 1953. Luce e colore nei fenomeni del contrasto simultaneo, della costanza e dell’euguagliamento. Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria 5:544–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, C.L. 1955. La stereocinesi e la struttura dello spazio visibile. Rivista di Psicologia 49:3–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, C.L. 1964. Condizioni dell’esperienza e fondazione della psicologia. Florence: Editrice Universitaria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müsseler, J., and G. Aschersleben. 1998. Localizing the first position of a moving stimulus: The Frölich effect and an attention-shifting explanation. Perception and Psychophysics 60:683–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijhawan, R. 1994. Motion extrapolation in catching. Nature 370:256–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijhawan, R. 1997. Visual decomposition of colour through motion extrapolation. Nature 386:66–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R.E. 2003. The geography of thought. How Asians and Westerners think differently…and why. London: Nicholas Brealy Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noë, A. 2004. Action in perception. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostwald, W. 1917. Der absolute System der Farben. Zeitschrift für Phys. Chem. 92:222–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierantoni, R. 1986. Forma fluens. Torino: Boringhieri.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinna, B., and Albertazzi, L. 2010. From grouping to meaning. In Perception beyond inference. The information content of visual processes, eds. Albertazzi, L., G. van Tonder, and D. Vishwanath, MIT Press, Fall 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. 1998. Levels. Axiomathes 9(1–2):197–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. 2001. The basic problem of the theory of levels of reality. Axiomathes 12(3–4):261–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. 2002. Ontological methodology. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 56:639–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. 2006a. Levels of reality and the psychological stratum. Revue Internationale de Philosophie 61(2):163–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. 2006b. The theory of levels of reality and the difference between simple and tangled hierarchies. In Systemics of emergence: Research and development, eds. G. Minati, E. Pessa, and M. Abram, 715–722. New York, NY: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. 2007. Three obstructions: forms of causation, chronotopoids, and levels of reality. Axiomathes 1:1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R. Ontology: The categorial stance. In TAO-theory and applications of ontology, Vol.1 Philosophical foundations, eds. R. Poli, and J. Seibt. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R., and C. Gnoli. 2004. Levels of reality and levels of representation. Knowledge Organization 31(3):151–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poli, R., and L. Obrst. 2010. The interplay between ontology as categorial analysis and ontology as technology. In Theory and applications of ontology, eds. R. Poli, J. Seibt, and J. Symons, vol. 1. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pöppel, E. 1994. Temporal mechanism in perception. International Review of Neurobiology 37:185–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Profitt, D.R., I. Rock, H. Hecht, and J.M. Schubert. 1992. Stereokinetic effect and its relation to the kinetic depth effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18:3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purghè, F., and S. Coren. 1992. Subjective contours 1900–1990. Research trends and bibliography. Perception and Psychophysics 51:291–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rausch, E. 1952. Struktur und Metrik figural-optischer Wahrnehmung. Frankfurt a.Main: Kramer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rausch, E. 1964. Einzelgegenständlisches als phänomenale Eigenschaft. Psychologische Forschung 28:33–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rausch, E. 1966. Das Eigenschaftsproblem in der GT der Wahrnehmung. In Handbuch der Psychologie, ed. W. Metzger. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rensink, R.A. 2000. Seeing, sensing, scrutinizing. Vision Research 40:1469–1487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rensink, R.A. 2002. Change detection. Annual Review Psychology 53:245–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberson, D., J. Davidoff, I.R.L. Davies, and L.R. Shapiro. 2005. Color categories: Evidence for the cultural relativity hypothesis. Cognitive Psychology 50:378–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosch, E. 1978. Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, V. 2004. Microgenesis. Immediate experience on visual processes in reading. In Seeing, Thinking and Knowing, ed. A. Carsetti, 221–243. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. 1958. Figure and ground. In Readings in perception, eds. D.C. Beardsley, and M. Wertheimer. New York: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runeson, S. 1974. Constant velocity: Not perceived as such. Psychological Research 37:3–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runge, O.P. 1910. Farbenkugeln. oder Construction der Verhältnisse aller Mischungen der Farben zu einander, und ihrer Vollständigen Affinität, mit angehängten Versuch einer Ableitung der Harmonie in der Zusammenstellungen der Farben. Hamburg: F. Perthes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sander, F. 1930. Structures, totality of experience and gestalt. In Psychologies of 1930, ed. C. Murchison, 188–204. Worchester MA: Clark University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schapp, W. 1909. Beiträge zur Phänomenologie der Wahnehmung. Frankfurt: Klostermann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlottman, A. 2000. Is perception of causality modular? Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4:441–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholl, B.J., and P.D. Tremoulet. 2000. Perceptual causality and animacy. Trends in Cognitive Science 4:299–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, F. 1904. Beiträge zur Analyse der Gesichtswahrnehmungen: 1. Einige Beobachtungen über die Zusammenfassung von Gesichtseindrücken zu Einheiten. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 23:1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert, E. 1917. Zur Psychologie der Abstraktion und Gestaltwahrnehmung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, C.E., and Weaver, W. 1998. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. (Originally published in 1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivik, L. 1997. Color system for cognitive research. In Color categories in thought and language, eds. C.L. Hardin, and L. Maffi, 163–192. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Spillmann, L., and W. Ehrenstein. 2003. Gestalt issues in modern neuroscience. Axiomathes 13:433–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadler, M., L. Stegagno, and G. Trombini. 1979. Quantitative analyse der Rauschschen Pragnänzaspekte. Gestalt Theory 1:43–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, E. 1962. Die ontische Struktur der Person und ihre erkenntnistheoretische Problematik. In Edith Steins Werke 6, 137–197. Freiburg: Herder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, W. 1897. Psychologie der Veranderungsauffassung Breslau: Preuss und Junger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, S.S. 1986. Psycho-physics. Introduction to perceptual, neural and social prospects. New Brunswick & Oxford: Transaction Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struber, D., and M. Stadler. 1999. Differences in top-down influences on the reversal rate of different categories of reversible figures. Perception 28:1185–1198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarr, M., and D. Kriegman. 2001. What defines a view?. Vision Research 41:1981–2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ullman, S. 1984. Visual routines. Cognition 18:97–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verfaillie, K., and G. d’Ydewalle. 1991. Representational momentum and event course anticipation in the perception of implied periodical motions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 17:302–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vicario, G.B. 2005. Il tempo. Il Mulino: Bologna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, H.W., and D.N. O’Connell. 1953. The kinetic depth effect. Journal for Experimental Psychology 45:205–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, H., and S. Wapner. 1952. Towards a general theory of perception. Psychological Review 59:324–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, M. 1923. Untersuchungen zur Lehre von der Gestalt. Psychologische Forschung 4:301–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, M. 1938. Laws of organization in perceptual forms. In A source book of Gestalt psychology, ed. W. Ellis, 71–94. London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, M. 2002a. Gestalt theory. In A source book of Gestalt psychology, ed. W. Ellis, 1–11. London: Routledge (Original 1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, M. 2002b. The general theoretical situation. In A source book of Gestalt psychology, ed. W. Ellis, 12–16. London: Routledge (Original 1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitney, D. 2002. The influence of visual motion on perceived position. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6(5):211–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitney, D., and P. Cavanagh. 2000. Motion distorts visual space: Shifting the perceived position of remote stationary obiects. Nature Neuroscience 3(9):954–958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wierbicka, A. 2006. The semantics of colour: A new paradigm. In Progress in Colour Studies, 2 vols., ed. W. Ellis, vol. I, 1–24. Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollheim, R. 1970. The work of art as object. In On art and the mind, 112–129. London: Allen Lane.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanforlin, M. 1988a. The height of a stereokinetic cone: A quantitative determination of a 3D effect from 2D moving pattern without a ‘Rigidity Assumption’. Psychological Research 50:162–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zanforlin, M. 1988b. Stereokinetic phenomena as good Gestalts: The minimum principle applied to circles and ellipses in rotation: A quantitative analysis and a theoretical discussion. Gestalt Theory 10:187–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanforlin, M. 2000. The various appearances of a rotating ellipse and the minimum principle: A review and an experimental test with non-ambiguous percepts. Gestalt Theory 22:157–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanforlin, M. 2003. Stereokinetic anomalous contours: Demonstrations. In The Legacy of Kanizsa in Cognitive Science, ed. L. Albertazzi, special issues of Axiomathes 13:389–398.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cimec (Centre for Mind and Brain), and Department of Cognitive Sciences and Education, University of Trento at Rovereto, Rovereto, Italy

    Liliana Albertazzi

Authors
  1. Liliana Albertazzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liliana Albertazzi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipto. Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale, Universita di Trento, Via Verdi 26, Trento, 38100, Italy

    Roberto Poli

  2. Dept. Philosophy, University of Aarhus, Jens Chr. Skousvej 7, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark

    Johanna Seibt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Netherlands

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Albertazzi, L. (2010). The Ontology of Perception. In: Poli, R., Seibt, J. (eds) Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8845-1_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation