Skip to main content
Log in

Kuhn's Account Of Family Resemblance: A Solution To The Problem Of Wide-Open Texture

  • Published:
Erkenntnis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is a commonly raised argument against thefamily resemblance account of concepts that, on thisaccount, there is no limit to a concept's extension.An account of family resemblance which attempts toprovide a solution to this problem by including bothsimilarity among instances and dissimilarity tonon-instances has been developed by the philosopher ofscience Thomas Kuhn. Similar solutions have beenhinted at in the literature on family resemblanceconcepts, but the solution has never received adetailed investigation. I shall provide areconstruction of Kuhn's theory and argue that hissolution necessitates a developmental perspective withbuilds on both the transmission of taxonomies betweengenerations and a progressive development throughhistory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Andersen, H., P. Barker and X. Chen: 1996, ‘Kuhn's Mature Philosophy of Science and Cognitive Psychology’, Philosophical Psychology 9, 347-363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anglin, J. M.: 1983, ‘Extentional Aspects of the Preschool Child's Word Concept’, in T. B. Seiler and W. Wannenmacher (eds), Concept Development and the Developement of Word Meaning, Springer, New York, pp. 247-266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bambrough, R.: 1961, ‘Universals and Family Resemblance’, Proc. Aris. Soc. 61, 207-222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, P.: 1986, ‘Wittgenstein and the Authority of Science’, in W. Leinfelder and F. M. Wukatis (eds), The Task of Contemporary Philosophy. Proceedings of the 10th international Wittgenstein Symposium, Hölder-Pickler-Tempsky, Vienna, pp. 164-166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, P.: 1989, ‘Wittgenstein and the Historicist Project in Philosophy of Science’, in P. Weingartner and G. Schurz (eds), Philosophy of Natural Science: Borderline Questions. Reports of the 13th international Wittgenstein Symposium, Hölder-Pickler-Tempsky, Vienna, pp. 243-246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsalou, L.: 1982, ‘Context-Independent and Context-Dependent Information in Concepts’, Memory and Cognition 10, 82-93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsaolu, L.: 1992, Cognitive Psychology: An Overview for Cognitive Scientists, Erlbaum, Hillsdale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsalou, L. and D. Billman: 1989, ‘Systemticity and Semantic Ambiguity’, in D. Gorfein (ed.), Resolving Semantic Ambiguity, Springer, New York, pp. 146-203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beardsmore, R. W.: 1992, ‘The Theory of Family Resemblance’, Philosophical Investigations 15, 131-146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellaimey, J. E.: 1990, ‘Family Resemblances and the Problem of the Under-Determination of Extension’, Philosophical Investigations 13, 31-43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.: 1958, ‘How Shall a Thing be Called?’, Psychological Review 65, 14-21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.: 1965, Social Psychology, Free Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchwald, J.: 1992, ‘Kinds and theWave Theory of Light’, Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. 23, 39-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederbaum, D. G.: 1983, ‘Paradigms’, Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. 14, 173-213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X.: 1997, ‘Thomas Kuhn's Latest Notion of Incommensurability’, Journal for the General Philosophy of Science 28, 257-273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X., H. Andersen and P. Barker: 1998, ‘Kuhn's Theory of Scientific Revolutions and Cognitive Psychology’, Philosophical Psychology 11, 5-28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conklin, H. C.: 1969, ‘Lexicographical Treatment of Folk Taxonomies’, in S. A. Tyler (ed.), Cognitive Anthropology, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 41-59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1970, ‘Seven Strictures on Similarity’, in L. Foster and J. W. Swanson (eds), Experience and Theory, reprinted in N. Goodman (ed.), Problems and Projects, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis (1972), pp. 437-446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, N.: 1974, ‘Wittgenstein, Universals and Family Resemblance’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy III, 635-651.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, R. K.: 1970, ‘Wittgenstein's Theory of “Family Resemblance”, in his Philosophical Investigations (Secs. 65-80)’, Philosophia Naturalis 12, 282-286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacking, I.: 1993, ‘Working in a New World: The Taxonomic Solution’, in P. Horwich (ed.), World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pp. 275-310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyningen-Huene, P.: 1989, ‘Idealist Elements in Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science’, History of Philosophy Quarterly 6, 393-401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyningen-Huene, P.: 1993, Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions. Thomas S. Kuhn's Philosophy of Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyningen-Huene, P., E. Oberheim and H. Andersen: 1996, ‘On Incommensurability’, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 27, 131-141

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, P.: 1969, ‘Comments on Colby’, in A. Tyler (ed.), Cognitive Anthropology, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 78-90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keil, F. C.: 1989, Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kindi, V. P.: 1995, Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions revisited, Journal for General Philosophy of Science 26, 75-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1970a, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1970b, ‘Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research’, in I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave (eds), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1970c, ‘Reflections on My Critics’, in I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave (eds), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 231-278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1974, ‘Second Thoughts on Paradigms’, in F. Suppe (ed.), The Structure of Scientific Theories, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, reprinted in T. S. Kuhn: 1977, The Essential Tension, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 293-319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1976, ‘Theory-Change as Structure-Change: Comments on the Sneed Formalism’, Erkenntnis 10, 179-199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1979, ‘Metaphor in Science’, in A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993), pp. 533-542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1983, ‘Commensurability, Comparability, Communicability’, PSA 1982, 2, 669-688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1990, An Historians Theory of Meaning, Talk to the Cognitive Science Colloquium, UCLA 4/26/90.

  • Kuhn, T. S.: 1991, ‘The Road Since Structure’, PSA 1990 2, 3-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G.: 1987, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malt, B. C.: 1995, ‘Category Coherence in Cross-Cultural Perspective’, Cognitive Psychology 29, 85-148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandler, J. M., P. J. Bauer and L. McDonough: 1991, ‘Separating the Sheep from the Goats: Differentiating Global Categories’, Cognitive Psychology 23, 263-298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maudgil, A.: 1989, ‘World-Pictures and Paradigms: Wittgenstein and Kuhn’, in P. Weingartner and G. Schurz (eds), Philosophy of Natural Science: Borderline Questions. Reports of the 13th International Wittgenstein Symposium, Hölder-Pickler-Temsky, Vienna, pp. 285-290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medin, D. L., E. B. Lynch and J. D. Coley: 1997, ‘Categorization and Reasoning among Tree Experts: Do All Roads Lead to Rome’, Cognitive Psychology 32, 49-96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medin, D. L. and E. E. Smith: 1984, ‘Concepts and Concept Formation’, Annual Review of Psychology 35, 113-138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medin, D. L., W. D. Wattenmaker and S. E. Hampson: 1987, ‘Family Resemblance, Conceptual Cohesiveness, and Category Construction’, Cognitive Psychology 19, 242-279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. L. and D. L. Medin: 1985, ‘The Role of Theories in Conceptual Coherence’, Psychological Review 92: 289-316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nersessian, N. and H. Andersen: 1997, ‘Conceptual Change and Incommensurability: A Cognitive-Historical View’, Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 32, 111-152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J.: 1954, The Construction of Reality in the Child, Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompa, L.: 1967, ‘Family Resemblance’, Philosophical Quarterly 17, 63-69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quine, W. V.: 1969, ‘Natural Kinds’, in N. Rescher (ed.), Essays in Honor of Carl G. Hempel, pp. 5-23.

  • Richman, R. J.: 1962, ‘Something Common’, The Journal of Philosophy LIX, 821-830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch, E.: 1978, ‘Principles of Categorization’, in E. Rosch and B. B. Lloyd (eds), Cognition and Categorization, Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch, E.: 1987, ‘Wittgenstein and Categorization Research in Cognitive Psychology’, in M. Chapman and R. A. Dixon (eds), Meaning and the Growth of Understanding. Wittgenstein's Significance for Developmental Psychology, Springer, Berlin, pp. 151-166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch. E., C. B. Mervis, W. D. Gray, D. M. Johnson and P. Boyes-Braem: 1976, ‘Basic Objects in Natural Categories’, Cognitive Psychology 8, 382-439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, A.: 1977, ‘Features of Similarity’, Psychological Review 84, 327-352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wennerberg, H.: 1967, ‘The Concept of Family Resemblance in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy’, Theoria 33, 107-132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T.: 1994, Vagueness, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L.: 1953, Philosophical Investigations, Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Andersen, H. Kuhn's Account Of Family Resemblance: A Solution To The Problem Of Wide-Open Texture. Erkenntnis 52, 313–337 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005546300818

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005546300818

Keywords

Navigation