Abstract
It is a commonly raised argument against thefamily resemblance account of concepts that, on thisaccount, there is no limit to a concept's extension.An account of family resemblance which attempts toprovide a solution to this problem by including bothsimilarity among instances and dissimilarity tonon-instances has been developed by the philosopher ofscience Thomas Kuhn. Similar solutions have beenhinted at in the literature on family resemblanceconcepts, but the solution has never received adetailed investigation. I shall provide areconstruction of Kuhn's theory and argue that hissolution necessitates a developmental perspective withbuilds on both the transmission of taxonomies betweengenerations and a progressive development throughhistory.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Andersen, H., P. Barker and X. Chen: 1996, ‘Kuhn's Mature Philosophy of Science and Cognitive Psychology’, Philosophical Psychology 9, 347-363.
Anglin, J. M.: 1983, ‘Extentional Aspects of the Preschool Child's Word Concept’, in T. B. Seiler and W. Wannenmacher (eds), Concept Development and the Developement of Word Meaning, Springer, New York, pp. 247-266.
Bambrough, R.: 1961, ‘Universals and Family Resemblance’, Proc. Aris. Soc. 61, 207-222.
Barker, P.: 1986, ‘Wittgenstein and the Authority of Science’, in W. Leinfelder and F. M. Wukatis (eds), The Task of Contemporary Philosophy. Proceedings of the 10th international Wittgenstein Symposium, Hölder-Pickler-Tempsky, Vienna, pp. 164-166.
Barker, P.: 1989, ‘Wittgenstein and the Historicist Project in Philosophy of Science’, in P. Weingartner and G. Schurz (eds), Philosophy of Natural Science: Borderline Questions. Reports of the 13th international Wittgenstein Symposium, Hölder-Pickler-Tempsky, Vienna, pp. 243-246.
Barsalou, L.: 1982, ‘Context-Independent and Context-Dependent Information in Concepts’, Memory and Cognition 10, 82-93.
Barsaolu, L.: 1992, Cognitive Psychology: An Overview for Cognitive Scientists, Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
Barsalou, L. and D. Billman: 1989, ‘Systemticity and Semantic Ambiguity’, in D. Gorfein (ed.), Resolving Semantic Ambiguity, Springer, New York, pp. 146-203.
Beardsmore, R. W.: 1992, ‘The Theory of Family Resemblance’, Philosophical Investigations 15, 131-146.
Bellaimey, J. E.: 1990, ‘Family Resemblances and the Problem of the Under-Determination of Extension’, Philosophical Investigations 13, 31-43.
Brown, R.: 1958, ‘How Shall a Thing be Called?’, Psychological Review 65, 14-21.
Brown, R.: 1965, Social Psychology, Free Press, New York.
Buchwald, J.: 1992, ‘Kinds and theWave Theory of Light’, Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. 23, 39-74.
Cederbaum, D. G.: 1983, ‘Paradigms’, Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. 14, 173-213.
Chen, X.: 1997, ‘Thomas Kuhn's Latest Notion of Incommensurability’, Journal for the General Philosophy of Science 28, 257-273.
Chen, X., H. Andersen and P. Barker: 1998, ‘Kuhn's Theory of Scientific Revolutions and Cognitive Psychology’, Philosophical Psychology 11, 5-28.
Conklin, H. C.: 1969, ‘Lexicographical Treatment of Folk Taxonomies’, in S. A. Tyler (ed.), Cognitive Anthropology, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 41-59.
Goodman, N.: 1970, ‘Seven Strictures on Similarity’, in L. Foster and J. W. Swanson (eds), Experience and Theory, reprinted in N. Goodman (ed.), Problems and Projects, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis (1972), pp. 437-446.
Griffin, N.: 1974, ‘Wittgenstein, Universals and Family Resemblance’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy III, 635-651.
Gupta, R. K.: 1970, ‘Wittgenstein's Theory of “Family Resemblance”, in his Philosophical Investigations (Secs. 65-80)’, Philosophia Naturalis 12, 282-286.
Hacking, I.: 1993, ‘Working in a New World: The Taxonomic Solution’, in P. Horwich (ed.), World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pp. 275-310.
Hoyningen-Huene, P.: 1989, ‘Idealist Elements in Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science’, History of Philosophy Quarterly 6, 393-401.
Hoyningen-Huene, P.: 1993, Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions. Thomas S. Kuhn's Philosophy of Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Hoyningen-Huene, P., E. Oberheim and H. Andersen: 1996, ‘On Incommensurability’, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 27, 131-141
Kay, P.: 1969, ‘Comments on Colby’, in A. Tyler (ed.), Cognitive Anthropology, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 78-90.
Keil, F. C.: 1989, Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.
Kindi, V. P.: 1995, Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions revisited, Journal for General Philosophy of Science 26, 75-92.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1970a, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1970b, ‘Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research’, in I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave (eds), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-23.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1970c, ‘Reflections on My Critics’, in I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave (eds), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 231-278.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1974, ‘Second Thoughts on Paradigms’, in F. Suppe (ed.), The Structure of Scientific Theories, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, reprinted in T. S. Kuhn: 1977, The Essential Tension, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 293-319.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1976, ‘Theory-Change as Structure-Change: Comments on the Sneed Formalism’, Erkenntnis 10, 179-199.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1979, ‘Metaphor in Science’, in A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993), pp. 533-542.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1983, ‘Commensurability, Comparability, Communicability’, PSA 1982, 2, 669-688.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1990, An Historians Theory of Meaning, Talk to the Cognitive Science Colloquium, UCLA 4/26/90.
Kuhn, T. S.: 1991, ‘The Road Since Structure’, PSA 1990 2, 3-13.
Lakoff, G.: 1987, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Malt, B. C.: 1995, ‘Category Coherence in Cross-Cultural Perspective’, Cognitive Psychology 29, 85-148.
Mandler, J. M., P. J. Bauer and L. McDonough: 1991, ‘Separating the Sheep from the Goats: Differentiating Global Categories’, Cognitive Psychology 23, 263-298.
Maudgil, A.: 1989, ‘World-Pictures and Paradigms: Wittgenstein and Kuhn’, in P. Weingartner and G. Schurz (eds), Philosophy of Natural Science: Borderline Questions. Reports of the 13th International Wittgenstein Symposium, Hölder-Pickler-Temsky, Vienna, pp. 285-290.
Medin, D. L., E. B. Lynch and J. D. Coley: 1997, ‘Categorization and Reasoning among Tree Experts: Do All Roads Lead to Rome’, Cognitive Psychology 32, 49-96.
Medin, D. L. and E. E. Smith: 1984, ‘Concepts and Concept Formation’, Annual Review of Psychology 35, 113-138.
Medin, D. L., W. D. Wattenmaker and S. E. Hampson: 1987, ‘Family Resemblance, Conceptual Cohesiveness, and Category Construction’, Cognitive Psychology 19, 242-279.
Murphy, G. L. and D. L. Medin: 1985, ‘The Role of Theories in Conceptual Coherence’, Psychological Review 92: 289-316.
Nersessian, N. and H. Andersen: 1997, ‘Conceptual Change and Incommensurability: A Cognitive-Historical View’, Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 32, 111-152.
Piaget, J.: 1954, The Construction of Reality in the Child, Basic Books, New York.
Pompa, L.: 1967, ‘Family Resemblance’, Philosophical Quarterly 17, 63-69.
Quine, W. V.: 1969, ‘Natural Kinds’, in N. Rescher (ed.), Essays in Honor of Carl G. Hempel, pp. 5-23.
Richman, R. J.: 1962, ‘Something Common’, The Journal of Philosophy LIX, 821-830.
Rosch, E.: 1978, ‘Principles of Categorization’, in E. Rosch and B. B. Lloyd (eds), Cognition and Categorization, Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ.
Rosch, E.: 1987, ‘Wittgenstein and Categorization Research in Cognitive Psychology’, in M. Chapman and R. A. Dixon (eds), Meaning and the Growth of Understanding. Wittgenstein's Significance for Developmental Psychology, Springer, Berlin, pp. 151-166.
Rosch. E., C. B. Mervis, W. D. Gray, D. M. Johnson and P. Boyes-Braem: 1976, ‘Basic Objects in Natural Categories’, Cognitive Psychology 8, 382-439.
Tversky, A.: 1977, ‘Features of Similarity’, Psychological Review 84, 327-352.
Wennerberg, H.: 1967, ‘The Concept of Family Resemblance in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy’, Theoria 33, 107-132.
Williamson, T.: 1994, Vagueness, Routledge, London.
Wittgenstein, L.: 1953, Philosophical Investigations, Macmillan, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andersen, H. Kuhn's Account Of Family Resemblance: A Solution To The Problem Of Wide-Open Texture. Erkenntnis 52, 313–337 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005546300818
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005546300818