Abstract
In this research, we review the current level of ethics education prior to college and the emphasis of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) on business ethics education in college using an ‘across the curriculum’ approach. We suggest that business schools and accounting practitioners can forge a more meaningful partnership than what currently exists through the traditional business advisory council prevalent at most schools of business. Ethical conduct is inherent in the practice of public accounting and a hallmark of the accounting profession. Accounting practitioners can play a significant and positive role in helping business schools to reexamine their obligations to society and their students by actively engaging in the exchange of views by academics on the necessity for ethics education as well as those of professional accounting bodies.1
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
For the purposes of this article “ethics” and its many constructs is used in an inclusive sense. There is no commonly agreed upon definition of what constitutes “ethics” and/or “ethical behavior”. Beggs and Dean (2007, p 19) note that “Studies about ethics use construct definitions including morals, values, standards of behavior, religious injunctions, and personal codes, among others.”
As promotions in public accounting occur at 2.5-year intervals through senior manager, this timeframe provided for at least two promotions.
The term CPA is used for convenience and length purposes. We use the term to include all who work in the profession of accounting.
For example, the authors’ manuscript concerning a model syllabus for an accounting ethics course, which includes an in-depth discussion of ethics education issues for accountants, is forthcoming in the Journal of Business Ethics Education.
Typically, a faculty member would join a large accounting firm for his/her sabbatical and perform the duties of a lower-level staff accountant.
References
Abdolmohammadi, M. J. (2005). Ethical training in graduate accounting courses: Effects of intervention and gender on students’ ethical reasoning. Research on Professionalism and Ethics in Accounting, 10, 37–62.
Ameen, E. C., Guffey, D. M., & McMillan, J. J. (1996). Accounting students’ perceptions of questionable academic practices and factors affecting their propensity to cheat. Accounting Education, 5(3), 191–205.
Armstrong, M. B. (1993). Ethics and professionalism in accounting education: A sample course. Journal of Accounting Education, 1, 77–92.
Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) (2004). Ethics education in Business Schools, http://www.aacsb.edu/resource_centers/EthicsEdu/EETF-report-6-25-04.pdf.
Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) (2005). Accreditation council profile, http://www.aacsb.edu/accreditation/accredited members.asp.
Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) (2007). Eligibility procedures and Accreditation Standards for Business Accreditation, http://www.aacsbedu/accreditation/process/documents/AACSB_STANDARDS_Revised_Jan07.pdf.
Baxter, G. D., & Rarick, C. A. (1987). Education for the moral development of managers: Kohlberg’s stages of moral development and integrative education. Journal of Business Ethics, 6(3), 243–248.
Bean, D. F., & Bernardi, R. A. (2007). A proposed structure for an accounting ethics course. Journal of Business Ethics Education, 4(1), 1–28.
Beggs, J. M., & Dean, K. L. (2007). Legislated ethics or ethics education?: Faculty views in the post-enron era. Journal of Business Ethics, 71, 15–37.
Benner, J. (2002). MBA accreditation body resists professors’ call for required ethics course. AFX Global Ethics Monitor Online, November 14.
Bernardi, R. A. (1994). Fraud detection: the effect of client integrity and competence and auditor cognitive style. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 13(Supplement), 68–84.
Bernardi, R. A., & Arnold Sr., D. F. (1997). Examination of moral development within public accounting by gender, staff level, and firms. Contemporary Accounting Research, 14(4), 653–668.
Bernardi, R. A., & Arnold Sr., D. F. (2004). Testing the ‘inverted-U’ phenomenon in moral development on recently promoted senior managers and partners. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(2), 353–367.
Bernardi, R. A., & Bean, D. F. (2005). An accounting ethics course: A professional necessity. The CPA Journal, 75(12), 64–65.
Bernardi, R. A., & Bean, D. F. (2006). Ethics in accounting education: The forgotten stakeholders. The CPA Journal, 76(7), 56–57.
Bernardi, R. A., Bean, D. F., & Williams, P. F. (2005). The place of ethics scholarship in the U.S. accounting academy: accounting doctorates’ research productivity in ethics journals. Research on Professionalism and Ethics in Accounting, 10, 167–192.
Blank, D., Wood, A. T., & Wood, C. A. (2003). A matter of ethics. Internal Auditor, 60(1), 27–31.
Brown, D., Mendenhall, S., & Kramer, J. (2003). Business ethics programs: is internal audit playing a proactive role? Internal Auditing, 18(4), 28–33 (Jul/Aug).
Brubaker, H. (2003). Big companies teach business ethics to employees. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, 26, 1 (March).
Center for Academic Integrity (2002–2003). CAI Research. http://www.academicintegrity.Org/cai_research.asp.
Cohen, J. R., & Bennie, N. M. (2007). The applicability of a contingent factors model to accounting ethics research. Journal of Business Ethics, 68(1), 1–18.
Cohen, J. R., & Holder-Webb, L. L. (2006). Rethinking the influence of agency theory in the accounting academy. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(1), 17–30.
Cressey, D. R., & Moore, C. A. (1983). Managerial values and corporate codes of ethics. California Management Review, 25(4), 53–77.
Educational Testing Services (2007). Major field tests: Business, http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/MFT/pdf/mft_testdesc_business_4cmf.pdf, p. 2.
Energy Information Administration (2002). Gross domestic product”. International Energy Annual, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/other.html.
Fialkoff, F., & St. Lifer, E. (2002). Bringing order to an unruly web.. Library Journal, 127, (Spring), 2–5.
Fuerman, R. D. (2004). Accountable accountants. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 15(6/7), 911–926.
Gibson, K. (2002). Going beyond intuitions: Reclaiming the philosophy in business ethics. Teaching Business Ethics, 6(2), 151–166.
Groark, M., Oblinger, D., & Choa, M. (2001). Term paper mills, ant-plagiarism tools and academic integrity. Educause Review, 36(5), 40–48.
Hasselback, J. R. (2000). Management faculty directory 2000–2001. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hasselback, J. R. (2005a). Finance faculty directory 2004–2005. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hasselback, J. R. (2005b). Marketing faculty directory 2004–2005. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hasselback, J. R. (2006). Accounting faculty directory 2006–2007. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hosmer, L. T. (1994). Strategic planning as if ethics mattered. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 17–34 (Summer).
Hosmer, L. T. (1995). Trust: The connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. The Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 379–403.
Jose, A., & Thibodeaux, M. S. (1999). Managers perspectives of institutionalization of ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 22(2), 133–143.
Keim, T. M., & Grant, C. T. (2003). To tell or not to tell: an auditing case in ethical decision making and conflict resolution. Issues in Accounting Education, 18(2), 397–407.
Kelly, M. (2002). It’s a heckuva time to be dropping business ethics courses. Business Ethics, 16(5 and 6), 17–18.
Klein, H. A., Levenburg, N. M., McKendall, M., & Mothersell, W. (2007). Cheating during the college years: How do business school students compare? Journal of Business Ethics, 72(2), 197–206.
KPMG (2003). Audit Committee Roundtable Highlights, http://www.kpmg.com.
Lampe, J. C. (1997). Increasing effectiveness in teaching business ethics to undergraduate business students. Teaching Business Ethics, 1(1), 3–19.
Lampe, J. C., & Finn, D. W. (1992). A model of auditors’ ethical decision process. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 11(supplement), 33–66.
Langenderfer, H. Q., & Rockness, J. W. (1989). Integrating ethics into the accounting curriculum: Issues, problems and solutions. Issues in Accounting Education, 4, 58–69 (Spring).
Lawson, R. A. (2004). Is classroom cheating related to business students’ propensity to cheat in the ‘real world’? Journal of Business Ethics, 49(2), 189–199.
London, S., & Bradshaw, D. (2005). Shredded credibility: The MBA industry may be facing a shakeout. Financial Times, 29, 11 (April).
Lysonski, S., & Gaidis, W. (1991). A cross-cultural comparison of the ethics of business students. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(2), 141–150.
MacLean, T. & Litzky, B. (2003). Task force on integrating ethics and business in society in the U.S. management curriculum, June, at http://www.cba.k-state.edu/departnent/ethics/docs/TaskForceSummaryJune03.pdf.
Madsen, P. (1995). A theoretical ground for the practice of business ethics: A commentary. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(3), 451–462.
May, L. (1992). Sharing responsibility. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.
McKernan, J. F., & MacLullich, K. K. (2004). Accounting love and justice. Accounting, Auditing, and Accountability Journal, 17(3), 327–360.
McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (1999). Academic integrity in honor-code and non honor-code environments: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Higher Education, 70(2), 211–234.
McLean, B., & Elkind, P. (2003). The smartest guys in the room: The amazing rise and scandalous fall of Enron. Penguin: London.
Minkes, A. L., Small, M. W., & Chatterjee, S. R. (1999). Leadership and business ethics: Does it matter? Implications for management. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(4), 327–335.
Mintz, S. M. (1995). Virtue ethics and accounting education. Issues in Accounting Education, 10(3), 247–67.
Misiewicz, K. M. (2007). The normative impact of CPA firms, professional organizations, and state boards on accounting ethics education. Journal of Business Ethics, 70(1), 15–21.
National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) (2005). Rule 5-1 and 5-2 Exposure Draft, February.
Nicklaus, D. (2002). Is a bigger dose of ethics needed in business schools? St. Louis Post Dispatch December 18.
Nonis, S., & Swift, C. O. (2001). An examination of the relationship between academic dishonesty and workplace dishonesty: A multi-campus investigation. Journal of Education for Business, 77(2), 69–76.
O’Connell, D. W. (1998). From the university to the marketplace: The business ethics journey. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(15), 1617–1622.
Oddo, A. R. (1997). A framework for teaching business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(3), 293–297.
Parrett, W. G. (2004). Globalization’s next frontier: Principled codes of conduct bolster the rule of law. Speech to International Center for Corporate Accountability, United Nations, May 17, www.socialfunds.com/news/ release.cgi/2740.html.
Piper, T. R., Gentile, M. C., & Parks, S. D. (1993). Can ethics be taught?. Boston: Harvard Business School.
Ponemon, L. A. (1992). Ethical reasoning and selection-socialization in accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(3–4), 239–258.
Ponemon, L. A., & Gabhart, D. R. L. (1993). Ethical Reasoning in Accounting and Auditing. Research Monograph Number 21, CGA-Canada Research Foundation: Vancouver, BC.
PricewaterhouseCoopers (2003). Understanding the independent auditor’s role in building public trust: A white paper. PricewaterhouseCoopers International.
Procario-Foley, E. G., & McLaughlin, M. T. (2003). A propadeutic for a framework: Fostering ethical awareness in undergraduate business students. Teaching Business Ethics, 7(3), 279–301.
Reckers, P. M. J. (2006). Perspectives on the proposal for a generally accepted accounting curriculum: A wake-up call for academics. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(1), 31–43.
Rest, J. R. (1979). Defining issues test. Center for the Study of Ethical Development, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Rettinger, D. A., & Jordan, A. E. (2005). The relations among religion, motivation, and college cheating: A natural experiment. Ethics & Behavior, 15(2), 107–129.
Rimer, S. (2003). A campus fad that’s being copied: Internet plagiarism seems on the rise. The New York Times September 3: B7
Rossouw, G. J. (2002). Three approaches to teaching business ethics. Teaching Business Ethics, 6(4), 411–433.
Sacconi, L., de Colle, S., & Baldin, E. (2002). The Q-RES project: The quality of the social and ethical responsibility of corporations. http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment.social/soc-dial/csr/qresguidelines.pdf.
Satava, D., Caldwell, C., & Richards, L. (2006). Ethics and the auditing culture. Rethinking the foundation of accounting and auditing. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(3), 271–284.
Schlegelmilch, B. B. (1989). The ethics gap between Britain and the United States: A comparison of the state of business ethics in both countries. European Management Journal, 7(1), 57–64.
Sims, R. L. (1993). The relationship between academic dishonesty and unethical business practices. Journal of Education for Business, 68(4), 207–211.
Sims, R. L. (2000). Teaching business ethics: A case study of an ethics across the curriculum policy. Journal of Business Ethics, 4(4), 437–443.
Sims, R. R., & Brinkmann, J. (2003). Business ethics curriculum design: Suggestions and illustrations. Teaching Business Ethics, 7(1), 69–86.
Sims, R. R., & Felton Jr., E. L. (2006). Designing and delivering business ethics teaching and learning. Journal of Business Ethics, 63(3), 297–312.
Smyth, M. L., & Davis, J. R. (2003). An examination of student cheating in the two-year college. Community College Review, 31(1), 17–33.
Soutar, G. M., McNeil, M. M., & Molster, C. (1994). The impact of the work environment on ethical decision making: Some Australian evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(5), 327–339.
Stead, W. E., Worrell, S. L., & Stead, J. G. (1990). An integrative model for understanding and managing ethical behavior in business organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(3), 63–69.
Swanson, D. L. (2003). Business education puts corporate reputations at risk. The Corporate Citizen, 3, 34–35.
Swanson, D. L. (2004). The buck stops here: Why universities must reclaim business ethics education. Journal of Academic Ethics, 2(1), 1–19.
Swanson, D. L. (2005). Business ethics education at bay: Addressing a crisis of legitimacy. Issues in Accounting Education, 20(3), 247–254.
Swanson, D. L., & Frederick, W. C. (2001–2002). Campaign AACSB: Are business schools complicit in corporate corruption? Journal of Individual Employment Rights, 10(2), 151–165.
Swanson, D. L., & Frederick, W. C. (2003). Are business schools silent partners in corporate crime? Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 9(1), 24–27.
Waddock, S. (2005). Hollow men and women at the helm...hollow accounting ethics. Issues in Accounting Education, 20(2), 145–150.
Watkins, A. L., & Iyer, V. M. (2006). Expanding ethics education. The CPA Journal, 76, 68–69 (February).
Weaver, G. R. (2001). Ethics programs in global businesses: Culture’s role in managing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 3–16.
Weber, J. (2006). Implementing an organizational ethics program in an academic environment: The challenges and opportunities for the Duquesne University schools of business. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(1), 23–42.
White, B. J., & Montgomery, B. R. (1980). Corporate codes of conduct. California Management Review, 22, 80–87.
Whitley Jr., B. E. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in Higher Education, 39(3), 235–274.
Willen, L. (2004). Kellogg denies guilt as B-schools evade alumni lapses. Bloomberg News Wire, March 8.
Wimbush, J. C., & Shephard, J. M. (1994). Toward an understanding of ethical climate: It’s relationship to ethical behavior and supervisory influence. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(8), 637–647.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
1While this research is framed in the context of accounting (e.g., the authors’ profession), we believe that it equally applies to all business practitioners.
David F. Bean and Richard A. Bernardi are involved in several research projects and alternate their responsibilities as a lead author; both authors contribute equally to all of their published work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bean, D.F., Bernardi, R.A. Ethics Education in our Colleges and Universities: A Positive Role for Accounting Practitioners. J Acad Ethics 5, 59–75 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-007-9038-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-007-9038-4