Abstract
It is widely agreed that the ‘Logical’ Argument from Evil (LAFE) is bankrupt. We aim to rehabilitate the LAFE, in the form of what we call the Normatively Relativised Logical Argument from Evil (NRLAFE). There are many different versions of a NRLAFE. We aim to show that one version, what we call the ‘right relationship’ NRLAFE, poses a significant threat to personal-omniGod-theism—understood as requiring the belief that there is an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good person who has created our world—because it appeals to value commitments theists themselves are likely to endorse. The ultimate success of this NRLAFE will rest on developing a theological ethics of right relationship that rejects as morally flawed the exercise of omnipotence first to sustain horrors and then to redeem them. Yet a vindicated NRLAFE of this sort need not require atheism, but only rejection of the standard conception of God as a personal omniGod.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams M. (1999) Horrendous evils and the goodness of God. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Adams M. (2001) Afterword. In: Davis S. (eds) Encountering evil: Live options in theodicy. Westminster John Knox, Louisville, pp 191–203
Adams R. (1977) Middle knowledge and the problem of evil. American Philosophical Quarterly 14: 109–117
Adams R. (1985) Plantinga on the problem of evil. In: Tomberlin J., van Inwagen P. (eds) Alvin Plantinga. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 225–255
Adams R. (1991) An anti-molinist argument. In: Tomberlin J. (eds) Philosophical perspectives, 5: Philosophy of religion. Ridgeview, Atascadero, CA, pp 343–353
Almeida M., Oppy G. (2003) Sceptical theism and evidential arguments from evil. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 81: 496–516
Alston W. (1991) The inductive argument from evil and the human cognitive condition. In: Tomberlin J. (eds) Philosophical perspectives, 5: Philosophy of religion. Ridgeview, Atascadero, CA, pp 29–67
Alston W. (1996) Some (temporarily) final thoughts on evidential arguments from evil. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 311–332
Anderson S. (1981) Plantinga and the free will defense. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 62: 274–281
Bergmann M. (2001) Sceptical theism and Rowe’s new evidential argument from evil. Noûs 35: 278–296
Bergmann M., Rae M. (2005) In defence of sceptical theism: A reply to Almeida and Oppy. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 83: 241–251
Boër S (1978) The irrelevance of the free will defense. Analysis 38: 110–112
Brümmer V. (1987) Moral sensibility and the free will defence. Neue Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 29: 86–100
Chisholm, R. (1968–1969). The defeat of good and evil. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, 42, 21–38.
Flint T. (1998) Divine providence: The molinist account. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Freddoso A. (1988) Introduction. On divine foreknowledge (Part IV of the concordia), Luis de Molina. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp 1–81
Gale R. (1991) On the nature and existence of God. Cambridge University Press, New York
Hasker W. (1989) God, time, and knowledge. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Hasker W. (2003) Counterfactuals of evil: A final reply to R. Douglas Geivett. Philosophia Christi 5: 235–249
Hasker W. (2004) Providence, evil and the openness of God. Routledge, London
Hasker W. (2008) The triumph of God over evil: Theodicy for a world of suffering. InterVarsity, Downers Grove, IL
Hick J. (1978) Evil and the God of love. Harper and Row, New York
Howard-Snyder, D. (eds) (1996a) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
Howard-Snyder, D. (1996b). The argument from inscrutable evil. In The evidential argument from evil (pp. 286–310). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Lewis D. (1993) Evil for freedom’s sake?. Philosophical Papers 22: 149–172
Lewis D. (2007) Divine evil. In: Antony L. M. (eds) Philosophers without gods: Meditations on atheism and the secular life. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 231–242
Mackie J. (1955) Evil and omnipotence. Mind 64: 200–212
McCloskey H. (1960) God and evil. Philosophical Quarterly 10: 97–114
McCloskey H. (1974) God and evil. Nijhoff, Hague
McNaughton D. (1994) The problem of evil: A deontological perspective. In: Padgett A. G. (eds) Reason and the Christian religion: Essays in honour of Richard Swinburne. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 329–351
Oppy G. (2004) Arguments from moral evil. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 56: 59–87
Pereboom D. (2005) Free will, evil, and divine providence. In: Dole A., Chignell A. (eds) God and the ethics of belief: New essays in philosophy of religion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 77–98
Phillips D. (2004) The problem of evil and the problem of God. Fortress, Minneapolis
Pike N. (1966) Plantinga on the free will defense: A reply. Journal of Philosophy 63: 93–104
Pike N. (1979) Plantinga on free will and evil. Religious Studies 15: 449–473
Plantinga A. (1974a) God, freedom, and evil. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI
Plantinga A. (1974b) The nature of necessity. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Plantinga A. (1985) Self-profile. In: Tomberlin J., van Inwagen P. (eds) Alvin Plantinga. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 3–97
Plantinga A. (1995) Christian philosophy at the end of the twentieth century. In: Griffioen S., Balk B. M. (eds) Christian philosophy at the close of the twentieth century: Assessment and perspectives. Kok, Kampen, pp 29–53
Plantinga A. (2000) Warranted Christian belief. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Plantinga A. (2004) Supralapsarianism or “O felix culpa”. In: van Inwagen P. (eds) Christian faith and the problem of evil. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI, pp 1–25
Reichenbach B. (1982) Evil and a good god. Fordham University Press, New York
Rowe W. (1979) The problem of evil and some varieties of atheism. American Philosophical Quarterly 16: 335–341
Rowe W. (1996) The evidential argument from evil: A second look. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 262–285
Russell B. (1989) The persistent problem of evil. Faith and Philosophy 6: 121–139
Russell B. (1996) Defenseless. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 193–205
Sanders J. (1998) The God who risks: A theology of providence. InterVarsity, Downers Grove, IL
Schellenberg J. (2004) The atheist’s free will offence. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 56: 1–15
Smith Q. (1997) Ethical and religious thought in analytic philosophy of language. Yale University Press, New Haven
Stump E. (1985) The problem of evil. Faith and Philosophy 2: 392–423
Stump E. (1990) Providence and the problem of evil. In: Flint T. (eds) Christian philosophy. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, pp 51–91
Swinburne R. (1998) Providence and the problem of evil. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Tooley M. (1991) The argument from evil. In: Tomberlin J. (eds) Philosophical perspectives, 5: Philosophy of religion. Ridgeview, Atascadero, CA, pp 89–134
Van Inwagen P. (2006) The problem of evil. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Wykstra S. (1984) The Humean obstacle to evidential arguments from suffering: On avoiding the evils of “Appearance”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 16: 73–94
Wykstra S. (1996) Rowe’s noseeum arguments from evil. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 126–150
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bishop, J., Perszyk, K. The normatively relativised logical argument from evil. Int J Philos Relig 70, 109–126 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-010-9282-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-010-9282-1