Skip to main content
Log in

The normatively relativised logical argument from evil

  • Published:
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is widely agreed that the ‘Logical’ Argument from Evil (LAFE) is bankrupt. We aim to rehabilitate the LAFE, in the form of what we call the Normatively Relativised Logical Argument from Evil (NRLAFE). There are many different versions of a NRLAFE. We aim to show that one version, what we call the ‘right relationship’ NRLAFE, poses a significant threat to personal-omniGod-theism—understood as requiring the belief that there is an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good person who has created our world—because it appeals to value commitments theists themselves are likely to endorse. The ultimate success of this NRLAFE will rest on developing a theological ethics of right relationship that rejects as morally flawed the exercise of omnipotence first to sustain horrors and then to redeem them. Yet a vindicated NRLAFE of this sort need not require atheism, but only rejection of the standard conception of God as a personal omniGod.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams M. (1999) Horrendous evils and the goodness of God. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams M. (2001) Afterword. In: Davis S. (eds) Encountering evil: Live options in theodicy. Westminster John Knox, Louisville, pp 191–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams R. (1977) Middle knowledge and the problem of evil. American Philosophical Quarterly 14: 109–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams R. (1985) Plantinga on the problem of evil. In: Tomberlin J., van Inwagen P. (eds) Alvin Plantinga. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 225–255

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Adams R. (1991) An anti-molinist argument. In: Tomberlin J. (eds) Philosophical perspectives, 5: Philosophy of religion. Ridgeview, Atascadero, CA, pp 343–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida M., Oppy G. (2003) Sceptical theism and evidential arguments from evil. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 81: 496–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alston W. (1991) The inductive argument from evil and the human cognitive condition. In: Tomberlin J. (eds) Philosophical perspectives, 5: Philosophy of religion. Ridgeview, Atascadero, CA, pp 29–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Alston W. (1996) Some (temporarily) final thoughts on evidential arguments from evil. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 311–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson S. (1981) Plantinga and the free will defense. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 62: 274–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann M. (2001) Sceptical theism and Rowe’s new evidential argument from evil. Noûs 35: 278–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann M., Rae M. (2005) In defence of sceptical theism: A reply to Almeida and Oppy. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 83: 241–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boër S (1978) The irrelevance of the free will defense. Analysis 38: 110–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brümmer V. (1987) Moral sensibility and the free will defence. Neue Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 29: 86–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chisholm, R. (1968–1969). The defeat of good and evil. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, 42, 21–38.

  • Flint T. (1998) Divine providence: The molinist account. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

    Google Scholar 

  • Freddoso A. (1988) Introduction. On divine foreknowledge (Part IV of the concordia), Luis de Molina. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp 1–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Gale R. (1991) On the nature and existence of God. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasker W. (1989) God, time, and knowledge. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasker W. (2003) Counterfactuals of evil: A final reply to R. Douglas Geivett. Philosophia Christi 5: 235–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasker W. (2004) Providence, evil and the openness of God. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasker W. (2008) The triumph of God over evil: Theodicy for a world of suffering. InterVarsity, Downers Grove, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Hick J. (1978) Evil and the God of love. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard-Snyder, D. (eds) (1996a) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard-Snyder, D. (1996b). The argument from inscrutable evil. In The evidential argument from evil (pp. 286–310). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

  • Lewis D. (1993) Evil for freedom’s sake?. Philosophical Papers 22: 149–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis D. (2007) Divine evil. In: Antony L. M. (eds) Philosophers without gods: Meditations on atheism and the secular life. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 231–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackie J. (1955) Evil and omnipotence. Mind 64: 200–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCloskey H. (1960) God and evil. Philosophical Quarterly 10: 97–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCloskey H. (1974) God and evil. Nijhoff, Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton D. (1994) The problem of evil: A deontological perspective. In: Padgett A. G. (eds) Reason and the Christian religion: Essays in honour of Richard Swinburne. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 329–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppy G. (2004) Arguments from moral evil. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 56: 59–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereboom D. (2005) Free will, evil, and divine providence. In: Dole A., Chignell A. (eds) God and the ethics of belief: New essays in philosophy of religion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 77–98

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips D. (2004) The problem of evil and the problem of God. Fortress, Minneapolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike N. (1966) Plantinga on the free will defense: A reply. Journal of Philosophy 63: 93–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pike N. (1979) Plantinga on free will and evil. Religious Studies 15: 449–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga A. (1974a) God, freedom, and evil. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga A. (1974b) The nature of necessity. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga A. (1985) Self-profile. In: Tomberlin J., van Inwagen P. (eds) Alvin Plantinga. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 3–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga A. (1995) Christian philosophy at the end of the twentieth century. In: Griffioen S., Balk B. M. (eds) Christian philosophy at the close of the twentieth century: Assessment and perspectives. Kok, Kampen, pp 29–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga A. (2000) Warranted Christian belief. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga A. (2004) Supralapsarianism or “O felix culpa”. In: van Inwagen P. (eds) Christian faith and the problem of evil. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichenbach B. (1982) Evil and a good god. Fordham University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe W. (1979) The problem of evil and some varieties of atheism. American Philosophical Quarterly 16: 335–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe W. (1996) The evidential argument from evil: A second look. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 262–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell B. (1989) The persistent problem of evil. Faith and Philosophy 6: 121–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell B. (1996) Defenseless. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 193–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders J. (1998) The God who risks: A theology of providence. InterVarsity, Downers Grove, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Schellenberg J. (2004) The atheist’s free will offence. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 56: 1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith Q. (1997) Ethical and religious thought in analytic philosophy of language. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Stump E. (1985) The problem of evil. Faith and Philosophy 2: 392–423

    Google Scholar 

  • Stump E. (1990) Providence and the problem of evil. In: Flint T. (eds) Christian philosophy. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, pp 51–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Swinburne R. (1998) Providence and the problem of evil. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Tooley M. (1991) The argument from evil. In: Tomberlin J. (eds) Philosophical perspectives, 5: Philosophy of religion. Ridgeview, Atascadero, CA, pp 89–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Inwagen P. (2006) The problem of evil. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wykstra S. (1984) The Humean obstacle to evidential arguments from suffering: On avoiding the evils of “Appearance”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 16: 73–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wykstra S. (1996) Rowe’s noseeum arguments from evil. In: Howard-Snyder D. (eds) The evidential argument from evil. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 126–150

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John Bishop.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bishop, J., Perszyk, K. The normatively relativised logical argument from evil. Int J Philos Relig 70, 109–126 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-010-9282-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-010-9282-1

Keywords

Navigation