Abstract
College students (333 women and 174 men) were tested to see if they knew that the surface of still water is invariantly horizontal. Participants were assigned randomly to one of five different groups. These groups had different response outlines and explanations of the topic in question. Results showed that women did not make more errors than men in all experimental groups. This finding suggests that women are not necessarily field dependent, as some studies report. Depending upon the amount of instruction and type of response outline, no difference between men and women on this test of cognitive capacity was found.
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Blue, J.H., Cooper, J.A. & Ross, S. Field independence/dependence, sex, and water levels. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 16, 194–196 (1980). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03329519
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03329519