Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Debate Over the Prohibition of Romance in the Workplace

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article examines why an organization might wish to manage workplace romance, and describes a number of alternative approaches to managing dating. At first sight the ethics of dating bans balances the need to protect female employees from harassment against employee rights to privacy and freedom of association – a rights versus rights issue. However, dating bans seem not to be directed at protecting female employees from harm, but rather protect employers from sexual harassment liability claims – an employer self-interest versus employee rights issue. This article advocates a consequentialist approach to the problem, via the factoring in of other harms caused by prohibiting workplace romance. Given that most workplace romances end up in marriage or long-term partnerships, a ban on workplace romance is argued to be antisocial. The incidence of sexual harassment is very low in comparison to the number of long-term relationships initiated in the workplace. This article concludes by citing examples of firms that encourage romance, showing that is feasible to manage any resulting problems within these firms’ existing conflict of interest and sexual harassment rules.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Åberg, Y.: 2003, Social Interactions: Studies of Contextual Effects and Endogenous Processes. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University.

  • Åberg, Y.: 2004, ‘Is Divorce Contagious? The Marital Status of Coworkers and the Risk of Divorce’, Working paper, 39 pp. Downloaded from Nuffield College, Oxford on Jan. 16, 2004 – No Longer Available.

  • Abraham, C.: 2006, ‘Peanuts at Centre of Sticky Moral Dilemma’, Globe and Mail 20 Feb, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.(2006)0220.wxpeanuts0220/BNStory/National/home. Downloaded 26 Feb 2006.

  • AMA (American Management Association) Workplace Dating Survey: 2003, Feb. 10, ‘44% of Office Romances Led to Marriage, AMA Survey Shows’, Press Release, http://www.amanet.org/press/amanews/workplace_dating.htm. Accessed 8 Feb 2007.

  • Anderson, C. J. & C. Fisher. (1991). Male-Female Relationships in the Workplace: Perceived Motivations in Office Romance. Sex Roles, 25, 163-180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G., E. Landes & R. Michael. (1977). An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability. Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), 1141-1187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berebitsky J. (2006). The Joy of Work: Helen Gurley Brown, Gender, and Sexuality in the White-Collar Office. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 15(1), 89-127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bisom-Rapp, S. (2001). Fixing Watches With Sledgehammers: The Questionable Embrace of Sexual Harassment Training by the Legal Profession. Thomas Jefferson Law Review, 24(2), 125-148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borden, S. H. (1996). Love’s Labor Law: Establishing a Uniform Interpretation of New York’s ‘Legal Recreational Activities’ Law to Allow Employers to Enforce No-Dating Policies. Brooklyn Law Review, 62(1), 353-398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyes, R.: 2008, Mar. 27, ‘Lidl, the Big Brother Supermarket, is Watching You’, The Times [of London], http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article3628660.ece.

  • Brady, F. N. & D. W. Hart. (2006). An Aesthetic Theory of Conflict in Administrative Ethics. Administration & Society, 38(1), 113-134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. Gurley. (1962). Sex and the Single Girl. New York: Bernard Geis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. Gurley. (1964). Sex and the Office. New York: Bernard Geis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chancer, L. S. (1998). Reconcilable Differences: Confronting Beauty, Pornography, and the Future of Feminism. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, L. (2006). Sexual Relationships and Sexual Conduct in the Workplace. Legal Studies, 26(3), 347–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CNN: 2007, Feb. 6, ‘Astronaut Arrested on Attempted Kidnapping Charges, http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/02/05/space.love/index.html.

  • Cohen, C. F. & M. E. Cohen. (2007). On-duty and Off-duty: Employee Right to Privacy and Employers Right to Control in the Private Sector. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19(4), 235–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, B. (2001). An Affair to Remember. Sales and Marketing Management, 153(8) 50-57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darsow, I.: 2005, ‘Implementation of Ethics Codes in Germany: The Wal-Mart Case’, in IUS Labor 03 (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), http://www.upf.edu/iuslabor/032005/art11.htm. Accessed 15 May 2006.

  • Dean, J. L. (1996). Employer Regulation of Employee Personal Relationships. Boston University Law Review, 76(5), 1051-1074.

    Google Scholar 

  • Depalo, A. M.: 1996, ‘Anti-Fraternizing Policies and At-Will Employment: Counseling for a Better Relationship’, Annual Survey of American Law (1), 59–103.

  • Dworkin, T. M. (1997). It’s My Life–Leave Me Alone: Off-the-Job Employee Associational Privacy Rights. American Business Law Journal, 35(1), 47-103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Economist: 2005, ‘The End of the Office Affair?’, Economist 12 Mar, 374(8417), 82.

  • Estrich S. R (1991) Sex at Work. Stanford Law Review 43(4):813-861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feeney, S. A.: 2004, Feb., ‘When Office Love Goes Bad’, Workforce Management 36–40, http://www.workforce.com/. Accessed 8 Feb 2007.

  • Garcia, R. J. (2006). From North to South Country: Race, Gender, Immigration, and the Role of Unions in the Sanitized Workplace. Thomas Jefferson Law Review, 29(1), 55-64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross-Schaefer, A., R. Florsheim & J. Pannetier. (2003). The Swinging Pendulum: Moving From Sexual Harassment to Respectful Workplace. Employee Relations Law Journal, 29(2), 50-69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutek, B. A. (1985). Sex and the Workplace: Impact of Sexual Behavior and Harassment on Women, Men and Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallinan, K.M. (1992). Invasion of Privacy or Protection Against Sexual Harassment: Co-employee Dating and Employer Liability. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 26(3), 435-464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiman, C.: 2007, ‘Three Queen of the North ferry workers fired’, Vancouver Sun 5 May, p. 1.

  • Hymowitz, C. and E. J. Pollock: 1998, Feb. 4, ‘Corporate Affairs: The One Clear Line in Interoffice Romance Has Become Blurred – Companies Change Policies to Deal with Bosses Who Date Subordinates – “Like Outlawing the Weather”’, Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), A.1.

  • Kramer, G. M. (2000). Limited License to Fish off the Company Pier: Toward Express Employer Policies on Supervisor-Subordinate Fraternization. Western New England Law Review, 22(1), 77-147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz, T.: 1998, ‘Consensual Relationship Agreements: For Water Cooler Paramours, the Ties That (Legally) Bind’, New York Times 22 Feb, Week in Review, p. 7.

  • Lee, R. K. (2006) The Organization as a Gendered Entity: A Response to Professor Schultz’s ‘The Sanitized Workplace’. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 15(3):609-663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobel, O. (2006). Reflections on Equality, Adjudication, and the Regulation of Sexuality at Work: A Response to Kim Yuracko. San Diego Law Review, 43(4), 899-926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loftus, M. (1995, March). Frisky Business. Psychology Today, 28(2), 34-48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losee, S. & H. Olen: (2007). Office Mate: The Employee Handbook for Findingand ManagingRomance on the Job. Avon, MA: Adams Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, J. J. (1988) Fraternization: Military Anachronism or Leadership Challenge?. Air Force Law Review 28:153-200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mainiero, L.A. (1986). A Review and Analysis of Power Dynamics in Organizational Romances. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 750–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massengill, D. & D. J. Petersen. (1995). Legal Challenges to No Fraternization Rules. Labor Law Journal, 46(7), 429-435.

    Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, W. (1996). Sexual correctness: The gender feminist attack on women. USA: McFarland and Co. Inc. Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnish, T. G. (2004). Occupation, Sex-Integration, and Divorce. American Economic Review, 94(2), 322-325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mead, M. (1980). A Proposal: We Need Taboos on Sex at Work. In D. A. Neugarten & J. M. Shafritz, (Eds.), Sexuality in Organizations (3rd ed.). Oak Park, IL: Moore Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medina, M. I. (2006). Good Night, and Good Luck and Sanitized Workplaces. Thomas Jefferson Law Review, 29(1), 65-76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mufson, S.: 2007, ‘BP Chief Resigns Abruptly Over Relationship Furor’, Washington Post 2 May.

  • Nejat-Bina, N. (1999) Employers as Vigilant Chaperones Armed with Dating Waivers: The Intersection of Unwelcomeness and Employer Liability in Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment Law. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 20(2):325-359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouellette. L. (1999). Inventing the Cosmo Girl: class identity and girl-style American dreams. Media, Culture & Society, 21(3); 359-383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, R. A. (2006). Atmospheres and Environments: Can Warmed up Workplaces Survive the Chill of Correctness? Thomas Jefferson Law Review, 29(1), 77-100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips A. E. (1996). Violence in the Workplace: Re-evaluating the Employer’s Role. Buffalo Law Review, 44(1), 139-196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, C.A. (1998). Factors Associated with Participating in a Romantic Relationship in a Work Environment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(18), 1712-1731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, C.A. & H. Aguinis. (1997). Bridging the Gap between Romantic Relationships and Sexual Harassment in Organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(3), 197–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, C.A. & H. Aguinis. (2009). Moving Beyond a Legal-Centric Approach to Managing Workplace Romances: Organizationally Sensible Recommendations for HR Leaders. Human Resource Management, 48(3), 447-464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, C.A., D. Byrne & H. Aguinis. (1996). Attraction in Organizations: A Model of Workplace Romance, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(1), 5–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, R. (1977). Coping with Cupid: The Formation, Impact, and Management of Romantic Relationships in Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), 30-45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabin-Margalioth, S. (2006). Love at Work. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 13, 237-253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhode, D. L.: 2006, ‘Is it Really Effective? (Harassment Training and Education Programs)’, National Law Journal, Jan. 1b LegalTrac. Web. 26 May 2010.

  • Riach, K. & F. Wilson. (2007). Don’t Screw the Crew: Exploring the Rules of Engagement in Organizational Romance. British Journal of Management, 18(1), 79-92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, A. H. (1997) Employer Regulation of Romantic Relationships: The Unsettled Law of New York State. Touro Law Review 13(3):687-713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, G. (1984). Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality. In C. Vance, ed., Pleasure and Danger. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon, J. (2009). Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, C. M. & T. R. Tudor. (2001). Managing Workplace Romances. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 66(3), 4-10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaner, D. J. (1994). Romance in the Workplace: Should Employers Act as Chaperones? Employee Relations Law Journal, 20(1), 47-71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, V. (2003). The Sanitized Workplace. Yale Law Journal, 112(8), 2061–2193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, V. (2006). Understanding Sexual Harassment Law in Action: What Has Gone Wrong and What Can We Do About It. Thomas Jefferson Law Review, 29(1), 1-54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, A. M. (2008). When Cupid Strikes in the Office. Employee Benefit Plan Review, 62(8), 26-27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shellenbarger, S.: 2003, Nov 13, ‘Co-Workers Can Wreck a Marriage: At the Office, Divorce is Contagious’, Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), D.1.

  • Sheridan, M. K. (2007). Just Because It’s Sex Doesn’t Mean It’s Because of Sex: The Need for New Legislation to Target Sexual Favoritism. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 40(3), 379-423.

    Google Scholar 

  • SHRM (Society for Human Resource Management): 2002, Workplace Romance Survey (Item no. 62.17014) (SHRM Public Affairs Department, Alexandria, VA).

  • Sugarman, S. D. (2003). Lifestyle Discrimination in Employment. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 24(2), 377-438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talaulicar, T. (2009). Barriers Against Globalizing Corporate Ethics: An Analysis of Legal Disputes on Implementing U.S. Codes of Ethics in Germany. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 349–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Transportation Safety Board of Canada: 2008, Marine Investigation Report Number M06W0052 “Striking and Subsequent Sinking: Passenger and Vehicle Ferry Queen of the North: Gil Island, Wright Sound, British Columbia: 22 March, 2006”, http://www.tsb.gc.ca/en/reports/marine/2006/m06w0052/m06w0052.asp.

  • Tyler, K. (2008, Feb.). Sign in the Name of Love. HRMagazine, 53(2), 41-43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldmeir, P.: 2006, ‘No Sex Please – We’re Trying Not to Get Sued’, Financial Times (London, UK) 9 Feb, p. 10.

  • Wetlaufer, S.: 1999, Sept./Oct., ‘A Question of Character’, Harvard Business Review 77(5), Reprinted as HBR case # 99511, 10 pp.

  • Williams, C. L. (2006) The Unintended Consequences of Feminist Legal Reform: Commentary on The Sanitized Workplace. Thomas Jefferson Law Review 29(1):101-110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. L., P.A. Giuffre, & K. Dellinger. (1999). Sexuality in the Workplace: Organizational Control, Sexual Harassment, and the Pursuit of Pleasure. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 73–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. J., C. Filosa & A. Fennel. (2003). Romantic Relationships at Work: Does Privacy Trump the Dating Police? Defense Counsel Journal, 70(1), 78-88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolkenbreit, R. (1997) In Order to Form a More Perfect Union: Applying No-Spouse Rules to Employees Who Meet at Work. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 31(1):119-165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yew, J., Ruoff C. (2004) The Perils of Office Romance. New Law Journal 154:1514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuracko, K A. (2006). Sameness, Subordination, and Perfectionism: Toward a More Complete Theory of Employment Discrimination Law. San Diego Law Review, 43(4), 857-898.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelizer, V. A.: 2009, ‘Intimacy in Economic Organizations’, Research in the Sociology of Work, 18, 23–55.

Download references

Acknowledgment

I wish to thank Isobel Findlay (Edwards School of Business, University of Saskatchewan), William C. Frederick (Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh), my wife Bernice Friesen (artist and writer), and Kim Morrison (Women's and Gender Studies, University of Saskatchewan) for their valuable contributions towards the preparation of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Boyd.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Boyd, C. The Debate Over the Prohibition of Romance in the Workplace. J Bus Ethics 97, 325–338 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0512-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0512-3

Keywords

Navigation