Abstract
William C. Frederick proposes a naturalistic business ethics. Many commentators focus on the issues of naturalistic fallacy, deprivation of freedom of the will, and possibility of important and universal moral values in business ethics. I argue that an ethics being naturalistic is not a worry. The issue of deprivation of free will is irrelevant. Yet there are urgent questions regarding the possibility of important and universal moral values, which may prevent Frederick’s view from getting off the ground.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander R. D. 1974, The Evolution of Social Behavior. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5, 325–383
Armstrong D. M. 1968, A Materialist Theory of Mind. New York, NY: Humanities Press
Axelrod R., Hamilton W. D. 1981, The Evolution of Cooperation. Science 211, 1390–1396
Ball S. W. 1988, Reductionism in Ethics and Science: A Contemporary Look at G.E. Moore’s Open Question Argument. American Philosophical Quarterly 25, 197–213
Boucher D. H. 1985, The Idea of Mutualism, Past and Future. In D. H. Boucher (ed.), The Biology of Mutualism: Ecology and Evolution. London: Croom Helm
Carnap, R.: 1932, ‹Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache’, Erkenntnis 2, 219–241, transl. by A. Pap ‹The Elimination of Metaphysics through Logical Analysis of Language’, in J. Alfred (ed.), Logical Positivism (New York, NY: Free Press), pp. 60–81
Clarke, R.: 2004, ‹Incompatibilist (Nondeterministic) Theories of Free Will’, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006 Edition), URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/incompatibilism-theories/
De Waal, F. 1996, Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Derry R., T. L. Fort, W. C. Frederick, N. R. Hauserman 1999, Commentary: Nature’s Place in Legal and Ethical Reasoning. American Business Law Journal 36, 633–670
Fort T. L. 1997a, Naturalism and Business Ethics: Inevitable Foes or Possible Allies? Business Ethics Quarterly 7, 145–155
Fort T. L. 1997b, How Relationality Shapes Business and its Ethics? Journal of Business Ethics 16, 1381–1391
Fort T. L. 1999. Business and Naturalism: A Peek at Transcendence? Business and Society 38, 226–236
Fort T. L. 2001, Ethics and Governance: Business as Mediating Institution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Frankena W. K. 1939, The Naturalistic Fallacy. Mind 48, 464–477
Frederick W. C. 1995, Values, Nature, and Culture in the American Corporation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Frederick W. C. 1999, An Appalachian Coda: The Core Values of Business. Business and Society 38, 206–211
Frederick W. C. 2002, Nature and Business Ethics. In R. E. Frederick (ed.), A Companion to Business Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell
Ghiselin M. T. 1974, The Economy of Nature and The Evolution of Sex. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
Moore G. E. 1903, Principia Ethica. New York: Cambridge University Press
Hamilton W. D. 1964, The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour, I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7, 1–52
Hamilton W. D. 1996, Narrow Roads of Gene Land: I Evolution of Social Behaviour. Oxford: W. H. Freeman
Hauserman N.: 1999, New Values, New Conflicts: A Response to William Frederick’s Values, Nature, and Culture in the American Corporation, Business and Society 38, 212–216
Lenman, J.: 2006, ‹Moral Naturalism’, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006 Edition), URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism-moral/
McKenna, M.: 2004, ‹Compatibilism’, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006 Edition), URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/compatibilism/
O’Hear A. 1997, Beyond Evolution: Human Nature & The Limits of Evolutionary Explanation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Okasha, S.: 2003, ‹Biological Altruism’, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2003 Edition), URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism-biological/
Quine W. V. O. 1953, From a Logical Point of View. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Quine, W. V. O.: 1969, ‹Epistemology Naturalized’, in W. V. O. Quine (ed.), Ontological Relativity and Other Essays (New York: Columbia University Press)
Ridge, M.: 2003, ‹Moral Non-Naturalism’, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2003 Edition), URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-non-naturalism/
Ruse, M.: 1985, Sociobiology: Sense or Nonsense (D. Reidel Publication, Boston)
Trivers R. L. 1971, The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology 46, 35–57
West, S. A., A. S. Griffin and A. Gardner: 2007, `Social Semantics: Altruism, Cooperation, Mutualism, Strong Reciprocity and Group Selection', Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20, 415–432
Wilson E. O. 1975, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Acknowledgements
I am grateful for the comments from the participants in that occasion. I am also indebted to William C. Frederick who generously offered a lot of helpful and critical comments in the review process.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This paper belongs to the “Philosophical foundations” section of review.
This paper is revised from an earlier paper presented in World Business Ethics Forum 2006 at Hong Kong Baptist University.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheung, K.T. On a Recent Naturalism Debate in Business Ethics – from a Philosophy Point of View. J Bus Ethics 82, 889–898 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9599-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9599-6