Abstract
In the study of Buddhism it is commonly accepted that a monk or nun who commits a pārājika offence is permanently and irrevocably expelled from the Buddhist monastic order. This view is based primarily on readings of the Pāli Vinaya. With the exception of the Pāli Vinaya, however, all other extant Buddhist monastic law codes (Dharmaguptaka, Mahāsāṅghika, Mahīśāsaka, Sarvāstivāda and Mūlasarvāstivāda) contain detailed provisions for monks and nuns who commit pārājikas but nevertheless wish to remain within the saṅgha. These monastics are not expelled. Rather, they are granted a special status known as the śikṣādattaka. In this paper I explore the rules. concerning pārājika penance and the śikṣādattaka with specific regard to monastic celibacy. Given that five out of six extant law codes recognise this remarkable accommodation to the rule of celibacy, I argue that we must look to Vinayas other than the Pāli Vinaya if we are to arrive at a nuanced and representative view of Indian Buddhist monasticism.
Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet.
Augustine of Hippo (354–430 C.E.)
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Abbreviations
- BD :
-
The Book of the Discipline. Translated by I. B. Horner. Sacred Books of the Buddhists. 6 vols. London: The Pali Text Society, [1938–1966] 1996–1997.
- sDe dge:
-
The Sde-dge Mtshal-par Bka’-’gyur: a facsimile edition of the 18th century redaction of Si-tu Chos-kyi-’byuṅ-gnas prepared under the direction of H. H. the 16th Rgyal-dbaṅ Karma-pa. 103 vols. Delhi: Delhi Karmapae Chodhey Gyalwae Sungrab Partun Khang, 1976–1979.
- Sp:
-
Samantapāsādikā: Buddhaghosa’s commentary on the Vinaya Piṭaka. Edited by Junjirō Takakusu and Nagai Makoto. 8 vols., vol. 8 being an index compiled by Hermann Kopp. London: The Pali Text Society, [1924] 1975–1976.
- T:
-
Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaikyoku 渡邊海旭. 100 vols. Tokyo: Taishō issaikyō kankōkai 大正一切經刊行會, 1924–1935.
- sTog:
-
The Tog Palace Manuscript of the Tibetan Kanjur. 109 vols. Leh, Ladakh: C. Namgyal Tarusergar, 1975–1980.
- Vin:
-
The Vinaya Piṭakaṃ: One of the Principal Buddhist Holy Scriptures in the Pāli Language. Edited by Hermann Oldenberg. 5 vols. London: The Pali Text Society, [1879–1883] 1969–1982.
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