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Starvation, serotonin, and symbolism. A psychobiocultural perspective on stigmata

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Abstract

Stigmata, wounds resembling those of Christ, have been reported since the 13th century. The wounds typically appear in association with visions following prolonged fasting. This paper argues that self-starvation holds the key to understanding this unique event. Stigmata may result from self-mutilation occurring during dissociation, phenomena precipitated in part by dietary constriction. Psychophysiological mechanisms produced by natural selection adjust the salience of risk in light of current resource abundance. As a result, artificial dietary constriction results in indifference to harm. A variety of data links dramatic dietary constriction, reduced serotonergic functioning, altered states of consciousness, and self-injurious behavior. Catholic representations of Christ's crucifixion provide a cultural context that both motivates and lends meaning to the experiences of individuals whose predispositions and life histories increase the likelihood of dietary constriction, dissociation, and self-mutilation. Examining this case raises interesting questions about both the evolutionary and the cultural grounds for defining individual psychopathology.

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    Daniel M. T. Fessler

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Fessler, D.M.T. Starvation, serotonin, and symbolism. A psychobiocultural perspective on stigmata. Mind & Society 3, 81–96 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02513149

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02513149

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