Abstract
Shikake in a certain environment is a trigger that stimulates a person to change his behavior in the environment. When changing his behavior, he first needs to perceive the environment in a different way. In this study, the author coined “landscape foreignization” which means the phenomenon that landscape built on “one’s self” and “an environment” around him takes another form in a certain way. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of designing “Shikake” which stimulates a person to “foreignize” an over-familiar landscape. Five cases were analyzed by using physical and psychological approaches, and then Shikakes for landscape foreignization used in each case were clarified, plotted on the chart and compared. The results show that Shikakes for landscape foreignzation are designed using four different characteristics: “Materials,” “Tools,” “Mode” and “Code.” The comparison between five cases using these characteristics indicates that the combined use of two characteristics causes landscape foreignization. It also reveals that Shikake does not always have to be introduced to both “an environment” and “a self” at the same time, and that either physical or psychological Shikake alone can also lead to the phenomenon. This suggests that the phenomenon can take place without physical Shikake because psychological Shikake eventually can change subject’s behavior or perception toward an environment.
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Notes
Studies on “MANAZASHI” originate from the concept of “MANAZASHI”, or gaze, used by Michel Foucault who describes that people in the modern age started to take an examining gaze at an object. One of the representative studies is “The Tourist Gaze”, published by John Urry, which indicates that tourists take a unique and extraordinary gaze or perspective at landscapes.
“Code” described here means “Code” used in semiology and structuralism and is a system of words that determine the meanings of something shared by people belonging to a certain culture. Louis Ferdeinand de Saussure, “the father of Semiology,” mentions that “la langue” is the most important and essential code for human beings to construct and articulate their world, but the code also includes non-verbal implications.
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Hanamura, C. Study on design of Shikake for landscape foreignization. AI & Soc 30, 527–536 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-014-0553-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-014-0553-8