Journal of the History of Philosophy

82 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY (3) defendens may do either of two things: "concedo" which means to give up and lose, or "'dubito" with respect to some part of the opponent's assertion (the move "distinguo" should be viewed as preliminary to these two). The "dubito" means that the opponent has to produce a proof of the "part" in question. If this proof is not given, the opponent loses; if a proof is provided, it will have the general form C & (C implies D), where D is the "doubted part." The proponent has now the same two possibilities as before, after introducing as many "'distinguo's" as he finds necessary. Where, or if this process reaches a final point, does not seem to be stated in general, but a deeper study of examples may lead to understand what was the criterion, if any. If this is a good account of traditional dialogues, then Sebastiani's sixteen rules may be considered sufficient as a formulation of the ars disputandi, in the sense that the essentials are not lacking. From the point of view of the logical structure, only two of these sixteen rules are really needed: the second rule for the delendens (vera concedendo, ambigua distinguendo ac falsa negando) and the first rule for the opponens (opponens debet directe probare, quod ipsi a defensante [sic] est negatum. Hoc namque est opponentis munus). In other presentations of the ars disputandi one finds the same excess of extra-logical rules---concerning politeness, the mutual understanding of both partners, the "ethics" of the tournament, etc. The sixth rule for opponens in our manuscript is: "clamorosas vociferationes fugiat.... "" Four differences may be pointed out between traditional disputation and Lorenzen's dialogues: (1) no hint at defensibility against all opponents is found, (2) the proponent cannot defend a thesis, like 2 + 2 = 4, by producing a proof of it, but only by defeating his opponent according to the above sequence, (3) the dialogue is not sub-formula preserving, (4) in traditional dialogues, logical particles are not explicitly defined in terms of attacks and defenses. Leaving aside 3 and 4, the ars disputandi may be viewed as a fragment of modern dialogical logic, restricted to "empirical" opponents and to "counterattacks." IGNAClO ANGELELLI The University o] Texas at Austin JuLes WEINBERG ( 1908-1971 ) Professor Julius R. Weinberg, Vilas Research Professor of Philosophy, died unexpectedly at the age of 62 on January 17, 1971 at a Madison hospital. He had given distinguished service to the University of Wisconsin since 1947, from the first as a stimulating and devoted teacher in the Department of Philosophy, since 1963 as a deeply learned member of the Institute for Research in the Humanities, and always as a dedicated champion of faculty and student rights. Professor Weinberg believed as much in rigorous intellectual standards as he did in untrammelled freedom of thought and inquiry, and considered both to be essential elements NOTES AND DISCUSSIONS 83 of any academic community worthy of the name. It is no exaggeration to say that he loved the University of Wisconsin and cared deeply about its vitality and well-being. As his colleagues and generations of students can testify, he served the University unstintingly and uncommonly well. Professor Weinberg's colleagues in the Institute for Research in the Humanities have established a Julius Weinberg Memorial Fund to honor his memory in ways appropriate to his service at the University of Wisconsin. We welcome the participation of all who wish to join in this recognition of our late colleague and friend. Checks may be made out to the University of Wisconsin Foundation (marked Julius Weinberg Memorial Fund), and sent either directly to the Foundation, 337 Wisconsin Center, or to E. David Cronon, Director. No one who knew Professor Julius Weinberg could long remain unaware of the depth, breadth, and accuracy of his scholarship or of his philosophical acumen.* His Nicholas oJ Autrecourt, his "Ockham's Conceptualism" (selected as a BobbsMerrill reprint), and his 1970 Marquette University St. Thomas Aquinas Lecture, Ideas and Concepts, amply testify to his capacity for painstaking and exact research into the works of Medieval philosophers. A Short History of Medieval Philosophy reveals the breadth of his knowledge of...