Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Protest Campaigns and Corporations: Cooperative Conflicts?

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article analyses and systematises the repertoires of action and reaction within conflicts between corporations and adversarial campaigns. Particular attention is paid to the parameters that turn conflicts between corporations and their critics into productive or destructive exchanges. Are protest campaigns able to fulfil a function that goes beyond serving as a seismograph for civil society’s concern and discontent? Which are the circumstances that enable conflicts between protest campaigns and corporations to unfold their potential for correcting social deficiencies? The analysis starts by outlining several typologies of confrontational and cooperative repertoires of action. Based on this starting point, a comprehensive analysis of more than 100 campaigns is presented, which systematises the dynamics of conflict between protest campaigns and corporations. An exemplary comparison of two particular conflicts completes the article in order to elaborate on the interplay between confrontation and cooperation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The project was headed by Professor Sigrid Baringhorst. The empirical research was conducted by the author as well as Annegret März and Johanna Niesyto. The systematisation of protest repertoires and corporate reaction has been developed by the author.

  2. Further research questions, for instance, focused on the relationship between forms of political participation and types of new media usage.

  3. Michael Stopford is no longer a member of the Coca-Cola Company but since February 2011 has been executive vice president and senior global corporate strategist of the public relations agency Weber Shandwick. Since August 2008 he had been the Deputy Assistant Secretary of General Strategic Communications Services in NATO’s Public Diplomacy Division. August 2008 has been the Deputy Assistant Secretary of General Strategic Communications Services in NATO’s Public Diplomacy Division.

References

  • Bendell, J. (2000). Civil regulation. A new form of democratic Governance for the global economy? In J. Bendell (Ed.), Terms for endearment. business, NGOs and sustainable development (pp. 239–254). Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.

  • Bennett, J. (2002). Multinational corporations, social responsibility and conflict. Journal of International Affairs, 55(2), 393–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campaign to Stop Killer Coke: undated a, Critical talking points from the Campaign to Stop Killer Coke. www.killercoke.org/cci_talking_points.php. Accessed 21 Nov 2010.

  • Campaign to Stop Killer Coke: undated b, Another “classic coke” move to deny and delay accountability for human rights violations in Colombia. www.killercoke.org/restciuf.php. Accessed 21 Nov 2010.

  • Coca-Cola company: undated, Workplace opportunity and environmental commitment. http://mfile.akamai.com/332/asf/cocacola.download.akamai.com/332/corporate/_media/tv/global_labor_relations_300k.asx. Accessed 26 Sep 2008.

  • Dahan, N. M., Doh, J., & Teegen, H. (2010). Role of nongovernmental organisations in the business-Government-society interface. Business & Society, 49(1), 20–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downey, D. J., & Rohlinger, D. A. (2008). Linking strategic choice with macro-organizational dynamics: strategy and social movement articulation. In P. G. Coy (Ed.), Research in social movements, conflicts and change (Vol. 28, pp. 3–38). Bingley: Emerald Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiss, P., & Zajac, E. (2006). The symbolic management of strategic change. Sensegiving via framing and decoupling. Academy of Management Journal, 49(6), 1173–1193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heins, V. (2005). Mächtige Zwerge, umstrittene Riesen. NGOs als Partner und Gegenspieler transnationaler Unternehmen und internationaler Organisationen. In A. Brunnengräber, A. Klein & H. Walk (Eds.), NGOs im Prozess der Globalisierung. Mächtige Zwerge––umstrittene Riesen (pp. 172–211). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.

  • Heugens, P. P. M. A. R. (2003). Capability building through adversarial relationships: a replication and extension of Clarke and Roome (1999). Business Strategy and the Environment, 12, 300–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hond, F. d. (2009). Review essay: reflections on relationships between NGOs and corporations. Business & Society, 49(1), 173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hond, F. d., & Bakker, F. G. A. d. (2007). Ideologically motivated activism: how activist groups influence corporate social change activities. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 901–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kampagne für Saubere Kleidung and Südwind Institut. (2003). Nadelstiche von VerbraucherInnen: Modemultis in Bewegung. Die Entwicklung von Verhaltenskodizes seit 1992. Siegburg: Südwind Institut.

  • Mach, A.: undated, Macht der NGO über die Unternehmen. Druck, Partnerschaft, Evaluation. http://docs.kampagnenforum.ch/Akteure/NGO_NPO/Mach_Macht_NGO_Unternehmen.pdf. Accessed 15 Dec 2006.

  • Manheim, J. B. (2001). The death of a thousand cuts. Corporate campaigns and the attack on the corporation. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Marsden, C., & Andriof, J. (1998). Towards an understanding of corporate citizenship and how to influence it. Citizenship Studies, 2(2), 329–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Micheletti, M., & Stolle, D. (2007). Mobilizing consumers to take responsibility for global social justice. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 611, 157–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. The Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 145–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliviero, M. B., & Simmons, A. (2002). Who’s minding the store? Global civil society and corporate responsibility. In M. Glasius, M. Kaldor, & H. Anheier (Eds.), Global civil society 2002 (pp. 77–107). Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palazzo, G., & Scherer, A. G. (2006). Corporate legitimacy as deliberation: a communicative framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 66, 71–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelan, C. (2009). Trade unionism in the United States since 1945. In C. Phelan (Eds.), Trade unionism since 1945. Towards a global history. Volume 2: the Americas, Asia and Australia, pp. 311–339. Oxford: Peter Lang.

  • Puma, A. G. (2001). Annual report 2000. http://about.puma.com/wp-content/themes/aboutPUMA_theme/financial-report/pdf/63.pdf. Accessed 21 Nov 2010.

  • Rieth, L., & Göbel, T. (2005). Unternehmen, gesellschaftliche Verantwortung und die Rolle von Nichtregierungsorganisationen. Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik, 6(2), 244–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarrow, S., & Porta, D. d. (2005). Conclusion. ‘Globalization’, complex internationalism, and transnational contention. In D. d. Porta & S. Tarrow (Eds.), Transnational protest and global activism (pp. 227–246). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

  • Taylor, V., & Dyke, N. v. (2004). Get up, stand up: tactical repertoires of social movements. In D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, & H. Kriesi (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to social movements (pp. 262–293). Malden: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulder, R. v., & Zwart, A. v. d. (2006). International business-society management. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Students Against Sweatshops: undated, unthinkable! undrinkable!. www.cod.edu/people/faculty/yearman/coca_cola/resource_packet.pdf. Accessed 21 Nov 2010.

  • Utting, P. (2005). Corporate responsibility and the movement of business. Development in Practice, 15(3–4), 375–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, D. (2010). The private regulation of global corporate conduct. Business & Society, 49(1), 68–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winston, M. (2002). NGO strategies for promoting corporate social responsibility. Ethics & International Affairs, 16(1), 71–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaziji, M., & Doh, J. (2009). NGOs and corporations. Conflict and collaboration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Zald, M. N., Morrill, C., & Rao, H. (2005). The impact of social movements on organizations. Environment and responses. In G. F. Davis, D. McAdam, W. R. Scott, & M. N. Zald (Eds.), Social movements and organization theory (pp. 253–279). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Veronika Kneip.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kneip, V. Protest Campaigns and Corporations: Cooperative Conflicts?. J Bus Ethics 118, 189–202 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1585-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1585-y

Keywords

Navigation