Abstract
This study demonstrates a manipulation that has opposite effects on old/new recognition and source monitoring. Deep processing of target items improved performance on an old/new recognition test in which subjects were to discriminate between targets and new distractors, but it impaired performance on a source monitoring test in which subjects were to discriminate between targets and distractors that had also been deeply processed during the experimental session. We argue that the relationship between old/new recognition and source monitoring varies with the specifics of the situation. The aspects of memories that support recognition judgments are not necessarily the same as those that support source monitoring judgments, and memory performance is the joint product of what is stored in memory and how memory is tested.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1974). A prepositional theory of recognition memory. Memory & Cognition, 2, 406–412.
Atkinson, R. C., & Juola, J. F. (1973). Factors influencing speed and accuracy of word recognition. In S. Kornblum (Ed.), Attention and performance (Vol. 4, pp. 583–612). New York: Academic Press.
Bransford, J. D., Franks, J. J., Morris, C. D., & Stein, B. S. (1979). Some general constraints on learning and memory research. In L. S. Cermak & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Levels of processing and human memory (pp. 331–354). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 11, 671–684.
Hashtroudi, S., Johnson, M. K, & Chrosniak, L. D. (1989). Aging and source monitoring. Psychology & Aging, 4, 106–112.
Jacoby, L. L., Woloshyn, V., & Kelley, C. M. (1989). Becoming famous without being recognized: Unconscious influences of memory produced by dividing attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 115–125.
Johnson, M. K. (1988). Discriminating the origin of information. In T. F. Oltmanns & B. A. Maher (Eds.), Delusional beliefs: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 34–65). New York: Wiley.
Johnson, M. K., & Raye, C. L. (1981). Reality monitoring. Psychological Review, 88, 67–85.
Kucera, H., & Francis, W. N. (1967). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1987). Reality monitoring and suggestibility: Children’s ability to discriminate among memories from different sources. In S. J. Ceci, M. P. Toglia, & D. F. Ross (Eds.), Children’s eyewitness memory (pp. 92–121). New York: Springer.
Lindsay,D. S., Johnson, M.K., & Kwon, P. (1990). Developmental changes in memory source monitoring. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Lockhart, R. S., Craik, F. I. M., & Jacoby, L. L. (1976). Depth of processing, recognition, and recall. In J. Brown (Ed.), Recall and recognition (pp. 75–102). New York: Wiley.
Mandler, G. (1980). Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review, 87, 252–271.
Raye, C. L. (1976). Recognition: Frequency or organization? American Journal of Psychology, 89, 645–658.
Tulving, E. (1984). Precis of elements of episodic memory. Behavioral & Brain Science, 1, 223–268.
Underwood, B. J., & Freund, J. S. (1970). Testing effects in the recognition of words. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 9, 117–125.
Winograd, E. (1968). List differentiation, recall, and category similarity. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 510–515.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lindsay, D.S., Johnson, M.K. Recognition memory and source monitoring. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 29, 203–205 (1991). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335235
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335235