Abstract
Rather than eliciting behavioral expectations of individuals for an appreciation of organizational ethics, we are focusing on the organization itself and the manner in which distinctive organizational structures assume their own respective behavioral expectations. The hierarchical organizational structure emphasizes obedience while the participative organizational structure emphasizes cooperation. Imposing the ethical virtues of one organizational structure onto another leads to conflict, and that conflict is reflective of a basic injustice which is (indirectly) organizational in cause but (directly) personal in effect. This more conceptual argument is readily identified in the difficulties encountered by pastoral ministers in Catholic hospitals, especially by women chaplains.
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Primeaux, P., Beckley, J. Double Bookkeeping: Hierarchical Obedience and Participative Cooperation. Journal of Business Ethics 19, 123–136 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006166409631
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006166409631