Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Shame, Guilt, and Punishment

  • Published:
Law and Philosophy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The emotions of shame and guilt have recently appeared in debates concerning legal punishment, in particular in the context of so called shaming and guilting penalties. The bulk of the discussion, however, has focussed on the justification of such penalties. The focus of this article is broader than that. My aim is to offer an analysis of the concept of legal punishment that sheds light on the possible connections between punishing practices such as shaming and guilting penalties, on the one hand, and emotions such as guilt, shame, and perhaps humiliation, on the other. I␣contend that this analysis enhances our understanding of the various theories of punishment that populate this part of criminal law theory and thereby sharpens the critical tools needed to assess them. My general conclusion is that, in different ways, all of the theories we encounter in this area can benefit from paying renewed attention to the nature of the connection between the state’s act of punishing and its expected or perceived emotional effect on the individual.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baumeister Roy F, Stilwell Arlene M., Todd F. Heatherton (1994) Guilt: An Interpersonal Approach. Psychological Bulletin, vol.115(2) 243–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Book, Aaron S. 1999. Shame on You: An Analysis of Modern Shame Punishment as an Alternative to Incarceration. Williams and Mary Law Review 40, 653–686

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. (1996), Justice in the Shadow of Death: Rethinking Capital and Lesser Punishments. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield

    Google Scholar 

  • Deonna, Julien and Teroni, Fabrice, Is Shame a Social Emotion? (2008) Manuscript.

  • Duff, Antony 2001. Punishment, Communication, and Community. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elison, Jeff and Harter, Susan 2007 “Humiliation: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences.” in Tracy, Jessica L., Robins, Richard W., Tangney, June Price editors The Self-conscious Emotions: Theory and Research. The Guilford Press: New York and London

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzioni, Amitai 1999 Back to the Pillory? The American Scholar 683: 43–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, Joel, ‹The Expressive Function of Punishment’, The Monist 49 (1965): 397–423. Reprint Doing and Deserving (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), pp. 95–118

  • Finkelstein, C. (2003) “Is Risk a Harm?” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 151:963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher Mickie L., Exline Julie Juola (2006) Self-forgiveness versus Excusing: The Roles of Remorse, Effort, and Acceptance of Responsibility. Self and Identity 5:127–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garvey, Stephen P 1998 Can Shaming Punishments Educate?. The University of Chicago Law Review 653: 733–794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garvey, Stephen (2003) “Two Kinds of Criminal Wrongs,”. Punishment and Society 5, 279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hampton, Jean 1992 “An Expressive Theory of Retribution” in W. Cragg (ed.) Retributivism and its critics. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, Nathan (2003) Reassessing the dimensionality of the moral emotions. British Journal of Psychology 94: 457–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart HLA (1963), Law, Liberty and Morality. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, Dan M. 1996. What do Alternative Sanctions Mean? The University of Chicago Law Review 63, 591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, Dan M. 2006 What’s Really Wrong with Shaming Sanctions. Texas Law Review 84: 2075–2095

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, Dan M., Posner Eric A. 1999. “Shaming White Collar Criminals: A proposal for Reform of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines”. Journal of Law and Economics 42, 365–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, Richard. 2001 “Relational Meaning and Discrete Emotions” in K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.) Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, Methods, Research. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal, H., Scherer, K.R. (1987). The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy. Cognition and Emotion 1: 3–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Helen Block (1971) Shame and Guilt in Neurosis. New York, International Universities Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Markel Dan 2001 Are Shaming Punishments Beautifully Retributive? Retributivism and the Implications for the Alternative Sanctions Debate. Vanderbilt Law Review 54.6: 2157–2242

    Google Scholar 

  • Markel Dan 2007 “Wrong Turns on the Road to Alternative Sanctions: Reflections on the Future of Shaming Punishments and Restorative Justice”. Texas Law Review 85:1385

    Google Scholar 

  • Massaro, Toni M. (1997) “The Meanings of Shame: Implications for Legal Reform”. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 3.4: 645–704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, Michael, Placing Blame: A General Theory of the Criminal Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1997)

  • Murphy, Jeffrie G. and Jean Hampton (1988) Forgiveness and mercy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Nozick, Robert 1981 Philosophical Explanations. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, Martha C., 2004, Hiding From Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Olthof, Ferguson, et al. 2004. “Morality- and identity-related antecedents of children’s guilt and Shame Attributions in events involving physical illness”. Cognotion & Emotion 18(3), 383–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Primoratz, I. (1989), ‹Punishment as Language’. Philosophy 64: 187–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, Robert. 2003 Emotions: An Essay in Aid of Moral Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodogno, Raffaele, 2008. “Sham and Guilt in Restorative Justice”. Psychology, Public Policy and Law 14(2), 142–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodogno, Raffaele, Sentientism, Well-Being, & Environmentalism (2009) Manuscript

  • Simester, A. P. (ed.) (2005), Appraising Strict Liability. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skillen, A. J. (1980), ‹How to Say Things with Walls’. Philosophy 55: 509–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Richard, Gordon, Campbell, David J. Y. Combs, Mark A. Jackson, Exploring the Nature and Consequences of Humiliation (2008) Manuscript.

  • Smith, Richard H., Webster J. Matthew, Parrot, W.G., Eyer, H. 2002 “The role of public exposure in the experience of moral and nonmoral shame and guilt.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 128–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tangney, June P., Dearing Ronda L. 2002. Shame and Guilt. New York, London: the Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teroni Fabrice & Deonna Julien (2008) “Differentiating Shame and Guilt”. Consciousness and Cognition 173: 725–740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Bernard 1994 Shame and Necessity. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Many thanks go to Otto Bruun, Juilen Deonna, Kevin Mulligan, Fabrice Teroni from the Shame and Guilt Club; Carl Erik Bühl, Katrine Krause-Jensen, Johanna Seibt, and Asbjørn Steglich- Petersen of the Aarhus Theoretical Philosophy Group; and Antony Duff, Nir Eyal, and David Konstan for their comments. I should also thank the Swiss Center for the Affective Sciences and a Senior Research Fellowship from the Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research for their financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raffaele Rodogno.

Additional information

OB, JD, KM, FT, CEB, KKJ, ASP, JS, AD, NE and the SNF x2.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rodogno, R. Shame, Guilt, and Punishment. Law and Philos 28, 429–464 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-008-9042-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-008-9042-x

Keywords

Navigation