Journal of the History of Philosophy

4~2 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY He inclines to interpret it all too much in terms of adherence to the economic climate of the age and the bias in favour of "the industrial-capitalist basis of that society." The limitations had their source more, I believe, in intellectual confusions, and less in the pressures and social conditioning to which Green would be exposed. I am not altogether carried along by the frequent references to "capitalist market society," and the incompatibility "between man as self-realizer and market man," or to Green's solution to poverty being to "transform members of the labouring class into fullfledged capitalists." There seems to be too much hindsight here, and the use of idioms of our own time may turn out to give a slightly misleading impression. But there is no doubt that Greengarten has brought out very effectively, and in a compact and precise way, the radical confusions that result from seeking the positive reforms that Green was anxious to achieve on the basis of the sort of "self-determination " which does not allow anyone "a 'freedom that can be enjoyed by one man or one set of men at the cost of a loss of freedom to others.' " The bearing of this on Green's views on slavery, education and land reform is well exhibited. But the presentation here also could have been deepened if the explanation in terms of "obvious historical and social bias," the concern to justify "market man" and "the capitalist market and its freedom"--if this had been accompanied by closer probing into the general structure of Green's intellectual system and philosophical allegiances. Acknowledgment is made of the influence of Kant, as well as Hegel, on Green, but this is not spelled out as well as it might be in such matters as the easy way out of serious difficulties, in his notion of a shared or common good, which Green took by reverting to the view that all true good is a moral good, in the form of a conscientious will, which as such could not compete with the true good of any other. If, in Green's own outrageous example, nothing in the moral character of poor Effie Deans suffered if she died through her sister's refusal to tell a lie, we feel that this is far from exhausting the matter. T. H. Green has not had many exponents of his views, his place being overshadowed by more spectacular idealists. The exponents he has had, including W. D. Lamont (of whom there seems to be no mention) and Greengarten himself, tend to be content with a clear and very fair r6sum6 of Green's position. It would be more to our advantage, and help more in the appreciation of the status and importance of Green, if the intricacies of his philosophical views and procedures as a whole were subjected to a more exhaustive philosophical analysis. There is a helpful index, but it has many serious omissions of names of persons to whom reference is made, including some of Green's most important contemporaries such as Benjamin Jowett. HYWEL D. LEWIS King's College, The Strand Karl-Otto Apel. Charles S. Peirce. From Pragmatism to Pragmaticism. John Michael Krois, trans. University of Massachusetts Press, 1981. Pp. xxvii + 253. The present volume is a translation of the work of one of Germany's leading philosophers . Apel finds in Peirce's philosophy----especially in the idea of a community of BOOK REVIEWS 4~3 inquirers, or "communication community" as Apel puts it--the grounds of a "transcendental pragmatics": a unity of theoretical and practical reason and a unifying of fundamental tendencies in Anglo-American and Continental philosophy. Apel begins with reflections on the relevance of the thought of American pragmatists in the shaping of one of three philosophies in the modern world "that really function." Marxism, Existentialism and Pragmatism, he says, "mediate between theory and practice in life" (1). The meaning of this pivotal notion of "mediation between theory and practice," or "praxis," frequently remarked on in this study, is taken for granted and only briefly discussed at the outset. The notion would be familiar to the European audience...