Abstract
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) generally has four subscales, based on original factor analytic studies. Our use of the CES-D with a random sample of 400 adults reveals a five-factor solution when data is subjected to a principal components factor analysis with a varimax rotation. This accounts for several items that did not load on previous factor analyses and may indicate the appropriateness of a fifth subscale.
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Thorson, J.A., Powell, F.C. The CES-D: Four or five factors?. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 31, 577–578 (1993). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03337359
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03337359