This article is a commentary on:
Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers
Björn Vickhoff1* Helge Malmgren2 Rickard Åström3 Gunnar F. Nyberg4 Seth-Reino Ekström5 Mathias Engwall6 Johan Snygg7 Michael Nilsson1,8 Rebecka Jörnsten9- 1Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 3Professional Musician and Composer, Torslanda, Sweden
- 4Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 5Cantor, Kalvshult, Sweden
- 6Department of Cultural Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 7Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 8Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- 9Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
A commentary on
Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers.
Vickhoff, B., Malmgren, H., Åström, R., Nyberg, G., Ekström, S.-R., Engwall, M., et al. (2013). Front. Psychol. 4:334. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00334
Erratum
Figures 4, 5, 10, 13 in the article “Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers” by Vickhoff et al. published in Frontiers in Psychology, 09 July 2013 (doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00334) contain a labeling error: The singing task tags “Hymn” and “Mantra” appear in the wrong order.
FIGURE 4
Figure 4. HRV between-subject coherence. Each column of the figure represents the average coherence across pairs of subjects for a certain time window. Each row represents a frequency in Hz. The coherence is computed in rolling windows of length 96 s, step size 12 s. The coherence summarizes the co-variation (correlation) of two subjects per frequency. In the figure, brighter colors represent higher coherence. Coherence is clearly higher during the mantra than during any other condition (0.1 Hz). Coherence is also higher during the hymn than during humming and baseline.
FIGURE 5
Figure 5. HR graphs for the five subjects in the case study over the entire time domain.
FIGURE 10
Figure 10. HRV coherence for the case study. Each column of the figure represents the average coherence across pairs of subjects for a certain time window. Each row represents a frequency in Hz. The coherence was computed in rolling windows of length 96 s, step size 12 s (cf. Figure 4). Coherence is clearly high during the mantra (at 0.1 Hz and at the harmonic frequency 0.2 Hz). There is also high coherence during the hymn (at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 Hz, and the harmonic 0.15 Hz).
FIGURE 13
Figure 13. RSA is defined as the coherence between respiration depth and HR. We depict the average RSA across subjects in rolling windows of length 96 s, stepped by 12 s. Each column represents the coherence at different frequencies for a given time point and each row the coherence for a particular frequency across time. RSA is markedly high during the mantra (at 0.1 and the 0.2 Hz harmonic) as well as during the hymn (at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 Hz). RSA is also high during the hum segment, albeit not a common dominant frequency as expected since respiration frequency is highly individual during humming.
The correct order of the singing task labels is: “Hum” (5–10 min segment), “Hymn” (11–16 min segment) and finally “Mantra” (17–22 min segment).
Figures with correct labeling appear in this Erratum.
Keywords: choral singing, heart rate variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, frequency analysis, autonomic nervous syste
Citation: Vickhoff B, Malmgren H, Åström R, Nyberg GF, Ekström S-R, Engwall M, Snygg J, Nilsson M and Jörnsten R (2013) Erratum: Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers. Front. Psychol. 4:599. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00599
Received: 22 July 2013; Accepted: 18 August 2013;
Published online: 05 September 2013.
Edited by:
Edward W. Large, Florida Atlantic University, USACopyright © 2013 Vickhoff, Malmgren, Åström, Nyberg, Ekström, Engwall, Snygg, Nilsson and Jörnsten. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: bjorn.vickhoff@neuro.gu.se