| PMC full text: | Ethics Behav. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Jul 1. Published in final edited form as: Ethics Behav. 2009 Jul 1; 19(4): 263–289. doi: 10.1080/10508420903035257 |
Table 1
Description of Individual Difference Measures
| Construct | Items | Subscales | Nature of Items (or Example Items) | Reliability Estimates (α) | Validity Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intelligence | 30 | No | Conclusions based on a set of facts in a given scenario (6 sets of facts) | .80 | Ruch & Ruch (1980) |
| Divergent Thinking | 5 | No | What would be the results if the force of gravity were suddenly cut in half? | .93 | Merrifield, Guilford, Christensen, & Frick (1962) |
| Social Desirability | 40 | Self-Deceptive Enhancement | SDE: I always know why I like things. | .62 | Paulhus (1994) |
| Impression Management | IM: I always obey laws, even if I'm unlikely to get caught. | .78 | |||
| General Personality (Big Five) | 44 | Neuroticism | I see myself as someone who can be moody. | .80 | John, Donahue, & Kentle (1991) |
| Openness | I see myself as someone who values artistic, aesthetic experiences. | .81 | |||
| Extraversion | I see myself as someone who is talkative. | .89 | |||
| Conscientiousness | I see myself as someone who does a thorough job. | .79 | |||
| Agreeableness | I see myself as someone who has a forgiving nature. | .69 | |||
| Narcissism | 37 | No | I can make anybody believe anything. | .82 | Emmons, 1987 |
| Cynicism | 10 | No | People pretend to care more about one another than they really do. | .79 | Wrightsman (1974) |
| Trust | 10 | No | The typical person is sincerely concerned about the problems of others. | .81 | Wrightsman (1974) |
| Anxiety | 20 | No | I work under a great deal of tension. | .73 | Taylor (1953) |
| Philosophies of Human Nature | 8 | Variability | V: Different people react to the same situation in different ways. | .78 | Wrightsman (1974) |
| 6 | Complexity | C: People are too complex to ever be understood fully. | .78 |