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HENRY OF GHENT'S QUODLIBET VII AS A SOURCE FOR RICHARD OF MEDIAVILLA'S QUAESnO PRIVILEGII PAPAE MARTINI In 1282, Henry of Ghent in his Quodlibet VII addressed the issue of the privileges granted to the friars by Pope Martin TV in the bull 'Ad fructus uberes.'1 This papal bull ushered in another "wave", to use the !For Henry's role in the secular clergy's reaction against 'Adfructus uberes' see H. Finke, "Der Pariser Nationalkonzil vom Jahre 1290," Römische Quartalschrift 9 (1895): 176-82; C. Paulus, Welt- und Ordensklerus beim Ausgage des XIII. Jahrhunderts im Kampfe um die Pfarr-Rechte (Doctoral dissertation, Göttingen, Essen-Ruhr: 1900); H. Finke, Aus den Tagen Bonifaz VIII, Vorreformationsgeschichtliche Forschungen II (Münster i. W: Aschendorff, 1902); P. Gratien, "Ordres mendiants et clergé séculier à la fin du XIIIe siècle," Etudesfranciscaines 36 (1924): 499-518; A. G. Little, "Measures Taken by the Prelates ofFrance against the Friars (c. A.D. 1289-1290)," Miscellanea Francesco Ehrle 3, Studi e Testi 39 (Rome: 1924): 49-66; P. Glorieux, "Prélats français contra religieux mendiants. Autour de la bulle 'Ad fructus uberes' (1281-1290)," Revue d'histoire de l'Eglise de France 11 (1925): 309-31;471-95; C. Uyttenbroeck, "La droitpénitentiel des religieux, de Boniface Vm à Sixte IV," Etudesfranciscaines 47 (1935): 172-6; G. Post, "A Petition Relating to the Bull 'Adfructus uberes'," Speculum 11 (1936): 231-7; K. Schleyer, Anfangedes Gallikanismus im 13. Jahrhundert Der Widerstand des französischen Klerus gegen die Privilegierung der Bettelorden, Historische Studien 314 (Berlin: Emil Ebering, 1937); P. Glorieux, "Un recueil polémique de Guillaume de Mâcon," Studia Gratiana 2 (1954): 621-42; J. Ratzinger, "Der Einflusz des Bettelordensstreites auf die Entwicklung der Lehre vom päpstlichen Universalprimat, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des heiligen Bonaventura," Geschichte und Gegenwart (Munich: Festgabe Michael Schmaus, 1957): 697-724; Y. M.-J. Congar, "Aspects ecclésiologiques de la querelle entre mendiants et séculiers dans la seconde moitié du XTiIe siècle et le début du XTVe siècle," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littérairedu Moyen Age 36 (1961): 35-151; H. Marrone, "TheAbsolute and Ordained Powers of the Pope: An Unedited Text of Henry of Ghent," Mediaeval Studies 36 (1974): 7-27; R. Macken, "EinwichtigesIneditum zumKampfüber das Beichtprivileg derBettelorden: der 'Tractatus superfacto praelatorum etfratrum' des Heinrich von Gent," Franziskanische Studien 60 (1978): 301-10; J. Decorte, Etude critique, introduction to Quodlibet XII, qq. 1-31 by Henricus de Gandavo, ed. J. Decorte, Henrici de Gandavo Opera omnia XVI (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1987): xix-xxvi; L. Hödl, Theologiegeschichtliche Einführung, introduction to Quodlibet XIl, q. 31 (Tractatus) by Henricus de Gandavo, ed. L. Hödl-M. Haverals,HenricideGandavo Operaomnia XVn (Leuven: LeuvenUniversity Press, 1989): vii-cxvii; and L. Hödl, "Berthold von Saint-Denys (+1307): Ein weltgeistlicher Anwalt derMendikantenin derAuseinandersetzungmitHeinrichvon Gent," Ecclesia etregnum, Beiträge zur Geschichte von Kirche, Recht und Staat im Mittelalter: Festschriftfür Franz-Josef Schmale zu seinem 65. Geburtstag, ed. D. Berg and H.-W. Goetz (Bochum: Winkler 1989): 241-60. 98GORDON WILSON terminology of Congar, in the conflict between the secular and mendicantclergy2As the leading seculartheologian at the university in Paris, Henry was askedby the Frenchbishops to write an academic response to these privileges. Although these privileges had been discussed by French bishops3 and by a group of masters,4 this Quodlibet of Henry provides one of the earliest written documents concerning the dispute over the privileges granted by 'Adfructus uberes.' The Franciscans responded to the criticisms of the secular academicians and in 1285-86 one friar master at the university, Richard of Mediavilla, produced a Quaestio Privilegii papae Martini. In it Richard of Mediavilla poses the question: whether those who confess to and are absolvedbythe friars mustreconfess these same sins totheirproper parochial priest. Secular clerics maintained that reconfession was necessary ; mendicants believed that it was not. Although his Quaestio is a defense of the friars' position, Richard provides twenty-seven arguments in favor of the seculars, i. e. arguments claiming that reconfession is necessary. While it is known that Richard's work was a response to many of the assertions in Henry's Quodlibet VII,5...

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