The three-form reasoning of new Hetu-vidya in Indian logic from the perspective of modern logic

Abstract

Comparing the three-form reasoning of new Hetu-vidya with Western logic, scholars have put forward four perspectives. Combining their strengths and shortcomings, and the examples of Hetu-vidya reasoning, we can conclude that the three-form reasoning should have four forms: (1) the affirmative expression of formal implication; (2) the modus ponens of hypothetical reasoning concerning sufficient conditions after universal instantiation; (3) the negative expression of a formal implication; and (4) the modus tollens of hypothetical reasoning concerning sufficient conditions after universal instantiation.

摘要

因明学者把新因明的三支论式与西方逻辑比较, 提出四种观点。 综合这些观点之优劣, 结合因明的推理例证, 可以推出三支论式的形式应为四种: (1) 形式蕴涵的肯定式; (2)全称量词消去后的充分条件假言推理肯定前件式; (3) 形式蕴涵的否定式; (4) 全称量词消去后的充分条件假言推理否定后件式。