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The typology of scientific research

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Summary

The typology of scientific research is of considerable importance for the development of the methodology of science. Apart from the typology accepted by UNESCO, the author introduces a new typology of scientific research, distinguishing the following types of research: diagnostic and generalizing, chronological and systematic, heuristic and justificatory, universalist and specialist, theoretical and practical, explanatory and descriptive and others.

The author's objective is to broaden the typology of research in accordance with the present-day state of science.

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Literaturverzeichnis

  1. Cf. P. Augur, Les tendances actuelles de la Recherche Scientifique, Unesco, Paris, 1961.

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  2. Cf. C. Bernard, Introduction à l'étude de la médicine expérimentale, 11th ed., Paris, 1939, pp. 53–8.

  3. Cf. A. J. Newell, J. C. Shaw, H. A. Simon, “Elements of a Theory of Human Problem Solving”, Psychological Review, 19, 1958, No. 3.

  4. Cf. G. A. Kooy, Marital Success in the Netherlands, ISA, Varna, 1970.

  5. Cf. S. Ziemski, “Generalizing and diagnostic researches as types of scientific researches”, Problems of the Science vol. 4, No. 4, 16, 1968.

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  6. Cf. S. Ziemski, “Two conceptions of Science”, in Polish Nauka Polska, No 2, 1972.

  7. Cf. P. Auger, Recherche et chercheurs scientifiques, Paris, 1964, Presses Universitaires de France, pp. 4–8.

  8. Ibidem, p. 51.

  9. Cf. S. Ziemski, Observations on the typology of sciences (in Polish), in: Problemy epistemologii pragmatycznej, Wrocław, Ossolineum, to appear in 1973, the same author's Multidimensional typology of sciences (in Polish), submitted to the Research Centre for Praxiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

  10. Cf. S. Ossowski, “Historical” laws in sociology (in Polish) in: Dzieła, vl. IV, Warszawa, 1967, PWN, p. 85.

  11. Cf. G. Polya, Mathematics and plausible reasoning, vol. I, Induction and analogy in mathematics, Princeton, 1954.

  12. Cf. S. Ziemski's contribution to the discussion (in Polish) on the report of T. Kotarbiński and H. Stonert in Prakseologia, No. 29, 1967, pp. 55.

  13. Among the modern methodological studies, this is mentioned in H. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode, Tübingen, 1960, p. 2, and T. Kotarbiński, Studies on philosophy, ethics and the social sciences, (in Polish) Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków, 1970, p. 42. I have discussed this problem at length in “Two conceptions of science”, Nauka Polska, No. 2, 1972.

  14. Cf. A. Podgórecki, A description of the practical science (in Polish), Warszawa, 1962.

  15. M. Asimov, op. cit., p. 89.

  16. Cf. R. L. Ackoff, Scientific Methods Optimizing Applied Research Decision, New York, 1962.

  17. Cf. K. Secomski, Prognostics (in Polish), Warszawa, 1971, p. 29.

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  1. Grójecka 43 m. 15. a (Warszawa 02031, Poland) Warschau, Polen

    Stefan Ziemski Ph. D.

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  1. Stefan Ziemski Ph. D.
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Ziemski, S. The typology of scientific research. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 6, 276–291 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01800790

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