Culture and Religion are not the same, though they are very close. There are various theories that suggest a model of relationship between them. One of them tries to see Religion as the soul of culture. This view doesn't consider the fact that there could also be non-religious cultures. Perhaps, one may quote the Pirahas as an example of such a culture. (Wiki) Of course, this doesn't rule out the fact that some kind of belief-system may be involved in a culture. However, perhaps, we can keep culture and religion totally separate. The cultural elements must not be confused with the religious elements. Thus, people having differing beliefs can still follow one culture and only disagree with regard to religious elements or belief-related elements (such heterogeneity is intense in metropolitan cities); however, there usually is a particular spirit of the age and world view in general. Also, certain cultural traits may be identified as grammatical directives of a particular culture providing the functional rules for interpreting the meaning of symbols.
I propose the following table of differences.

CULTURE                                                RELIGION/BELIEF-SYSTEM

Science/Reason                                           Beliefs/Faith

Entertainment                                               Worship

Taboo                                                          Sin

Society                                                        Community

Progress/Development                                  Salvation

Shame                                                         Guilt

Aesthetics                                                    Ethics

Arts                                                             Morals

Relatives                                                     Absolutes

Language-Grammar                                      Scriptures/Rites/Rituals

Communication                                            Prayer

Life-style                                                     Life-values

Dynamics                                                   Fundamentals

Change or Transition                                   Reformation

This-Worldliness (Secularity)                        Spirituality

Vocation/Profession                                    Calling/Concern

Market/Shop                                               Temple/Shrine 

Throne/Scepter                                           Altar/Sacrifice