Unsafe knowledge
Synthese 146 (3):395 - 404 (2005)
| Abstract | Ernest Sosa has argued that if someone knows that p, then his belief that p is “safe”. and Timothy Williamson has agreed. In this paper I argue that safety, as defined by Sosa, is not a necessary condition on knowledge – that we can have unsafe knowledge. I present Sosa’s definition of safety and a counterexample to it as a necessary condition on knowledge. I also argue that Sosa’s most recent refinements to the notion of safety don’t help him to avoid the counterexample. I consider three replies on behalf of the defender of safety, and find them all wanting. Finally, I offer a tentative diagnosis of my counterexample. | |||||||||
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Dani Rabinowitz, "The Safety Condition for Knowledge". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Avram Hiller & Ram Neta (2007). Safety and Epistemic Luck. Synthese 158 (3):303 - 313.
Jessica Brown (2009). Review: Sosa on Scepticism. [REVIEW] Philosophical Studies 143 (3):397 - 405.
Jessica Brown (2009). Sosa on Scepticism. Philosophical Studies 143 (3):397--405.
Christoph Kelp (2009). Knowledge and Safety. Journal of Philosophical Research 34:21-31.
Peter Murphy (2005). Closure Failures for Safety. Philosophia 33 (1-4):331-334.
Charlie Pelling (2013). Testimony, Testimonial Belief, and Safety. Philosophical Studies 164 (1):205-217.
Tomas Bogardus (2013). Knowledge Under Threat. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 86 (1):n/a-n/a.
Joachim Horvath (2008). Testimony, Transmission, and Safety. Abstracta 4 (1):27-43.
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