Indexicals as Token-Reflexives
Mind 107 (427):529 - 563 (1998)
| Abstract | Reichenbachian approaches to indexicality contend that indexicals are "token-reflexives": semantic rules associated with any given indexical-type determine the truth-conditional import of properly produced tokens of that type relative to certain relational properties of those tokens. Such a view may be understood as sharing the main tenets of Kaplan's well-known theory regarding content, or truth-conditions, but differs from it regarding the nature of the linguistic meaning of indexicals and also regarding the bearers of truth-conditional import and truth-conditions. Kaplan has criticized these approaches on different counts, the most damaging of which is that they make impossible a "logic of demonstratives". The reason for this is that the token-reflexive approach entails that not two tokens of the same sentential type including indexicals are guaranteed to have the same truth-conditions. In this paper I rebut this and other criticisms of the Reichenbachian approach. Additionally, I point out that Kaplan's original theory of "true demonstratives" is empirically inadequate, and claim that any modification capable of accurately handling the linguistic data would have similar problems to those attributed to the Reichenbachian approach. This is intended to show that the difficulties, no matter how real, are not caused by idiosincracies of the "token-reflexive" view, but by deep facts about indexicality | |||||||||
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Mikhail Kissine (2012). From Contexts to Circumstances of Evaluation: Is the Trade-Off Always Innocuous? Synthese 184 (2):199-216.
Linda Wetzel, Types and Tokens. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Erich Rast (2006). Reference and Indexicality. Dissertation, Roskilde University
Manuel Garc'ıa-Carpintero (1998). Indexicals as Token-Reflexives. Mind 107:529--563.
Heather Dyke (2002). Tokens, Dates and Tenseless Truth Conditions. Synthese 131 (3):329 - 351.
Tomis Kapitan (2001). Indexical Identification: A Perspectival Account. Philosophical Psychology 14 (3):293 – 312.
Stephan Torre (2009). Truth-Conditions, Truth-Bearers and the New B-Theory of Time. Philosophical Studies 142 (3):325-344.
Manuel García-Carpintero (2000). Token-Reflexivity and Indirect Discourse. The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 2000:37-56.
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