Nonstationary time series, cointegration, and the principle of the common cause
British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 54 (4):527-551 (2003)
| Abstract | forcefully restates his well-known counterexample to Reichenbach's principle of the common cause: bread prices in Britain and sea levels in Venice both rise over time and are, therefore, correlated; yet they are ex hypothesi not causally connected, which violates the principle of the common cause. The counterexample employs nonstationary data—i.e., data with time-dependent population moments. Common measures of statistical association do not generally reflect probabilistic dependence among nonstationary data. I demonstrate the inadequacy of the counterexample and of some previous responses to it, as well as illustrating more appropriate measures of probabilistic dependence in the nonstationary case. A challenge to the principle of the common cause Sober's argument and the attempts to rescue the principle Probabilistic dependence Nonstationary time series Probabilistic dependence in nonstationary time series Do Venetian sea levels and British bread prices violate the principle of the common cause? | |||||||||
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Gábor Hofer‐Szabó (2002). Common‐Causes Are Not Common Common‐Causes. Philosophy of Science 69 (4):623-636.
Elliott Sober (1984). Common Cause Explanation. Philosophy of Science 51 (2):212-241.
Jos Uffink (1999). The Principle of the Common Cause Faces the Bernstein Paradox. Philosophy of Science 66 (3):525.
Frank Arntzenius (1992). The Common Cause Principle. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:227 - 237.
Daniel Steel (2003). Making Time Stand Still: A Response to Sober's Counter-Example to the Principle of the Common Cause. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 54 (2):309-317.
Brad Weslake (2006). Common Causes and the Direction of Causation. Minds and Machines 16 (3).
Frank Arntzenius (1990). Physics and Common Causes. Synthese 82 (1):77 - 96.
Elliott Sober (2001). Venetian Sea Levels, British Bread Prices, and the Principle of the Common Cause. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52 (2):331-346.
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