Abstract

Open peer commentary on the article “Circularity and the Micro-Macro-Difference” by Manfred Füllsack. Upshot: Circularity is a foundational concept, able to bridge multiple levels of observation across the sciences and humanities. Yet, it is unnecessary to invoke the concept of causality or temporal stamps to understand circular dynamics. Because of the paradoxical coexistence of mathematical, fractal, and other complex phenomena inside as well as outside of time, it is more useful to conceptualize circularity through acausal lenses.