The possibility of a free-will defence for the problem of natural evil
Religious Studies 40 (1):23-42 (2004)
| Abstract | In this paper, I consider various arguments to the effect that natural evils are necessary for there to be created agents with free will of the sort that the traditional free-will defence for the problem of moral evil suggests we enjoy – arguments based on the idea that evil-doing requires the doer to use natural means in their agency. I conclude that, despite prima facie plausibility, these arguments do not, in fact, work. I provide my own argument for there being no possible world in which creatures enjoying this sort of freedom exist yet suffer no natural evil, and conclude that the way is thus open for extending the free-will defence to the problem of natural evil. (Published Online February 17 2004). | |||||||||
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David O'Connor (1995). Hasker on Gratuitous Natural Evil. Faith and Philosophy 12 (3):380-392.
Richard Swinburne (1978). Natural Evil. American Philosophical Quarterly 15 (4):295 - 301.
Luke Gelinas (2009). The Problem of Natural Evil I: General Theistic Replies. Philosophy Compass 4 (3):533-559.
Frank J. Murphy (1995). The Problem of Evil and a Plausible Defence. Religious Studies 31 (2):243 - 250.
Frank J. Murphy (2005). Unknowable Worlds: Solving the Problem of Natural Evil. Religious Studies 41 (3):343-346.
Wes Morriston (2003). Are Omnipotence and Necessary Moral Perfection Compatible? Reply to Mawson. Religious Studies 39 (4):441-449.
Morgan Luck (2009). Aquinas's Miracles and the Luciferous Defence: The Problem of the Evil/Miracle Ratio. Sophia 48 (2):167-177.
James Cain (2004). Free Will and the Problem of Evil. Religious Studies 40 (4):437-456.
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