Three moral hints
| Abstract | A vegetarian argument: We should avoid meat not because we think that animals are like us but because most animals are very different from humans. Most animals are not persons: they think and feel but do not have thoughts and feelings about their thoughts and feelings. With persons the obligation to prevent suffering, and indeed the obligation to preserve life, can be over-ridden by mutual agreement. I'll risk my life and welfare to protect your children if you do the same for mine. And even when the agreement is not explicit a person is capable of understanding what might have been part of a necessary trade-off. But this is not possible with non-persons: their lives are not held together by anticipations of future experiences and understanding of past ones. There are no social contracts, no deals. So a modern agricultural economy in which meat is produced cheaply at the expense of suffering for animals cannot be justified by any benefits to us, or to the animals. Their suffering is simply suffering; it can't be balanced away. | |||||||||
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Peter Atterton (2011). Levinas and Our Moral Responsibility Toward Other Animals. Inquiry 54 (6):633 - 649.
Andrew Linzey (2009). Why Animal Suffering Matters: Philosophy, Theology, and Practical Ethics. Oxford University Press.
Peter Singer (1979). Killing Humans and Killing Animals. Inquiry 22 (1-4):145 – 156.
Jocelyne Porcher (2011). The Relationship Between Workers and Animals in the Pork Industry: A Shared Suffering. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 24 (1):3-17.
Gaverick Matheny & Kai M. A. Chan (2005). Human Diets and Animal Welfare: The Illogic of the Larder. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 (6).
Mark H. Bernstein (2004). Without a Tear: Our Tragic Relationship with Animals. University of Illinois Press.
Aaron Simmons (2009). Do Animals Have an Interest in Continued Life? Environmental Ethics 31 (4):375-392.
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