À Espera Da Ciência: um mundo de fatos pré-interpretados

Episteme 13 (2001)
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Abstract

Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar que o naturalismo que apregoa a necessidade das ciências sociais imitarem os procedimentos metodológicos empregados pelas ciências naturais se revela contraproducente por não levar em conta que as teorias sociais, em muitos casos, lidam com fatos pré-interpretados. E que esse tipo de “material empírico” demanda a elaboração de uma metodologia capaz, indo além das meras intenções programáticas, de efetivamente apreender a significatividade presente nos fatos da vida societária. Para tanto, desponta como imperioso construir teorias sobre “teorias” que possam ser avaliadas em termos de seu poder de compreender, de modo elucidativo ou crítico, a natureza do significado inerente aos “objetos” estudados.This article aims at demonstrating that naturalism, in so far as it defends the thesis that social sciences must imitate the methodological procedures employed by natural sciences in order to produce well-grounded explanations, turns out to be useless. The main reason for naturalism’s failure is that social theories deal with preinterpreted facts. And such a kind of “empirical stuff” demands the creation of a methodology able to capture, beyond mere programmatic intentions, the intrinsic meaning exhibited by several kinds of social facts. In order to attain this aim social research has to construct theories about “theories”, that is, explanations capable of being evaluated by their power of clarifying, through an analytical or a critical approach, the kind of meaning embeded in the “objects” investigated

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Alberto Oliva
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

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