Copernicus, Kant, and the anthropic cosmological principles
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B 34 (1):5-35 (2003)
| Abstract | In the last three decades several cosmological principles and styles of reasoning termed 'anthropic' have been introduced into physics research and popular accounts of the universe and human beings' place in it. I discuss the circumstances of 'fine tuning' that have motivated this development, and what is common among the principles. I examine the two primary principles, and find a sharp difference between these 'Weak' and 'Strong' varieties: contrary to the view of the progenitors that all anthropic principles represent a departure from Copernicanism in cosmology, the Weak Anthropic Principle is an instance of Copernicanism. It has close affinities with the step of Copernicus that Immanuel Kant took himself to be imitating in the 'critical' turn that gave rise to the Critique of Pure Reason. I conclude that the fact that a way of going about natural science mentions human beings is not sufficient reason to think that it is a subjective approach; in fact, it may need to mention human beings in order to be objective. | |||||||||
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Errol E. Harris (1992). Cosmos and Theos: Ethical and Theological Implications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Humanities Press.
Claus Beisbart & Tobias Jung (2006). Privileged, Typical, or Not Even That? – Our Place in the World According to the Copernican and the Cosmological Principles. Journal for General Philosophy of Science 37 (2):225 - 256.
Milan M. Ćirković (2002). Anthropic Fluctuations Vs. Weak Anthropic Principle. Foundations of Science 7 (4):453-463.
Errol E. Harris (1991/1998). Cosmos and Anthropos: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Humanity Books.
John D. Barrow (1986/1988). The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Oxford University Press.
Frank J. Tipler (1988). The Anthropic Principle: A Primer for Philosophers. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1988:27 - 48.
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