Freedom, Liberty, Autonomy
| Abstract | ‘Freedom’, ‘liberty’ and ‘autonomy’ are controversial, contested words, often used interchangeably, yet laden with radically different connotations. In this lecture, I shall use them as labels to distinguish three different concepts. Most European languages have only one word to translate both ‘freedom’ and ‘liberty’, e.g., ‘libertà’ (Italian), ‘liberté’ (French), ‘libertad’ (Spanish), ‘Freiheit’ (German), ‘frihet’ (Swedish), and ‘vrijheid’ (Dutch). Moreover, many English and American writers use ‘freedom’ and ‘liberty’ as if they were synonyms.1 Looking at the etymological references (which can be found in most good dictionaries) for these words, we find, however, that ‘freedom’ and ‘liberty’ point to different contexts of life and action. Understanding the differences between those contexts is the key to eliminating the terminological confusion often encountered in discussions of freedom and liberty. My interest in this is that of a philosopher of law. However, the distinctions made in this lecture are relevant also for other disciplines concerned with cognition of the human world, most notably economics | |||||||||
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Ken Gemes & Simon May (eds.) (2009). Nietzsche on Freedom and Autonomy. Oxford University Press.
David Schmidtz & Jason Brennan (2010). Brief History of Liberty. Wiley-Blackwell.
Richard E. Flathman (2003). Freedom and its Conditions: Discipline, Autonomy, and Resistance. Routledge.
Tuija Takala (2007). Respect for Autonomy and the Two Concepts of Liberty. The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy 1:69-72.
Eric Nelson (2005). Liberty: One Concept Too Many? Political Theory 33 (1):58 - 78.
Thomas Pink (2011). Thomas Hobbes and the Ethics of Freedom. Inquiry 54 (5):541 - 563.
Matthew J. Kisner (2011). Spinoza on Human Freedom: Reason, Autonomy and the Good Life. Cambridge University Press.
Jonathan Wolff (1997). Freedom, Liberty, and Property. Critical Review 11 (3):345-357.
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