Water is not H2O
| Abstract | In defending semantic externalism, philosophers of language have often assumed that there is a straightforward connection between scientific kinds and the natural kinds recognized by ordinary language users.1 For example, the claim that water is H2O assumes that the ordinary language kind water corresponds to a chemical kind, which contains all the molecules with molecular formula H2O as its members. This assumption about the coordination between ordinary language kinds and scientific kinds is important for the externalist program, because it is what allows us to discover empirically the extensions of ordinary language kind terms. | |||||||||
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Brie Gertler (2004). We Can't Know a Priori That H2O Exists. But Can We Know a Priori That Water Does? Analysis 64 (1):44-47.
Asa Maria Wikforss (2005). Naming Natural Kinds. Synthese 145 (1):65-87.
Raphael van Riel (2012). Identity, Asymmetry, and the Relevance of Meanings for Models of Reduction. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
Joseph Simonian (2005). The Paradoxes of Chemical Classification: Why `Water is H2o' is Not an Identity Statement. Foundations of Chemistry 7 (1):49-56.
Nigel Leary (2007). Natural Kinds: (Thick) Essentialism or Promiscuous Realism? Philosophical Writings 34:5 - 13.
B. C. Malt (1994). Water is Not H 2 O. Cognitive Psychology 27:41--70.
Robin Findlay Hendry (2006). Elements, Compounds, and Other Chemical Kinds. Philosophy of Science 73 (5):864-875.
David Barnett (2000). Is Water Necessarily Identical to H2O? Philosophical Studies 98 (1):99-112.
E. J. Lowe (2011). Locke on Real Essence and Water as a Natural Kind: A Qualified Defence. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 85 (1):1-19.
Scott Soames (2006). Is H2O a Liquid, or Water a Gas? Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 72 (3):635-639.
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