A defense of stiffer penalties for hate crimes
Hypatia 21 (2):62-80 (2006)
| Abstract | : After defining a hate crime as an offense in which the criminal selects the victim at least in part because of an animus toward members of the group to which the victim belongs, this essay surveys the standard justifications for state punishment en route to defending the permissibility of imposing stiffer penalties for hate crimes. It also argues that many standard instances of rape and domestic battery are hate crimes and may be punished as such. | |||||||||
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John Kleinig (1992). Penalty Enhancement for Hate Crimes. Criminal Justice Ethics 11 (2):3-6.
Frederick Schauer (1992). Messages, Motives, and Hate Crimes. Criminal Justice Ethics 11 (2):52-54.
Richard L. Lippke (2008). To Waive or Not to Waive: The Right to Trial and Plea Bargaining. Criminal Law and Philosophy 2 (2):181-199.
Tracy Isaacs (2001). Domestic Violence and Hate Crimes: Acknowledging Two Levels of Responsibility. Criminal Justice Ethics 20 (2):31-43.
Kory Schaff (2000). Hate Speech and the Problems of Agency. Social Philosophy Today 16:185-201.
George Schedler (2000). Are Hate Crimes Conceptually Distinct From Other Crimes? Southwest Philosophy Review 16 (1):189-195.
Ralph Wedgwood (2003). Review of Jacobs and Potter, Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics. [REVIEW] Journal of Homosexuality 45 (1):152-159.
David Boonin (2011). Should Race Matter?: Unusual Answers to the Usual Questions. Cambridge University Press.
Mohamad Al-Hakim (2010). Making Room for Hate Crime Legislation in Liberal Societies. Criminal Law and Philosophy 4 (3):341-358.
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