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Mar 19th 2010
User submissions
  • Sergio Tenenbaum (forthcoming). The Idea of Freedom and Moral Cognition in Groundwork III. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research.
    Kant’s views on the relation between freedom and moral law seem to undergo a major, unannounced shift. In the third section of the Groundwork, Kant seems to be using the fact that we must act under the idea of freedom as a foundation for the moral law. However, in the Critique of Practical Reason, Kant claims that our awareness of our freedom depends on our awareness of the moral law. I argue that the apparent conflict between the two texts depends (...)
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From personal pages
  • Fred Adams & Ken Aizawa, Causal Theories of Mental Content.
    Causal theories of mental content attempt to explain how thoughts can be about things. They attempt to explain how one can think about, for example, dogs. These theories begin with the idea that there are mental representations and that thoughts are meaningful in virtue of a causal connection between a mental representation and some part of the world that is represented. In other words, the point of departure for these theories is that thoughts of dogs are about dogs because dogs (...)
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  • Ken Aizawa, Centenary College of Louisiana.
    Carl Gillett Department of Philosophy Northern Illinois University Suppose that scientists discover a high level property G that is prima facie multiply realized by two sets of lower level properties, F1, F2, …, Fn, and F*1, F*2, …, F*m. One response would be to take this situation at face value and conclude that G is in fact so multiply realized. A second response, however, would be to eliminate the property G and instead hypothesize subtypes of G, G1 and G2, and (...)
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  • Kenneth Aizawa, It is Not All About Turing-Equivalent Computation.
    One account of the history of computation might begin in the 1930’s with some of the work of Alonzo Church, Alan Turing, and Emil Post. One might say that this is where something like the core concept of computation was first formally articulated. Here were the first attempts to formalize an informal notion of an algorithm or effective procedure by which a mathematician might decide one or another logico-mathematical question. As each of these formalisms was shown to compute the same (...)
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  • Alex Clark & Shalom Lappin, Unsupervised Learning and Grammar Induction.
    In this chapter we consider unsupervised learning from two perspectives. First, we briefly look at its advantages and disadvantages as an engineering technique applied to large corpora in natural language processing. While supervised learning generally achieves greater accuracy with less data, unsupervised learning offers significant savings in the intensive labour required for annotating text. Second, we discuss the possible relevance of unsupervised learning to debates on the cognitive basis of human language acquisition. In this context we explore the implications of (...)
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  • Jeffrey Grupp, , 2003.
    Relations pervade the theories of analytic metaphysics: philosophy of mind, philosophy of region, philosophy of causation, philosophy of math, philosophy of space and time, philosophy of physics, and theories of objects (bundle and substance theories). Many of the sorts of relations that (are alleged to) exist, according to these theories, are relations between or among non-collocated spatial entities (entities that do not occupy the same spatial region or regions), and between or among non-identical basic units of space. I argue that (...)
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  • Simon Prosser, Why Does Time Seem to Pass?
    According to the B-theory, the passage of time is an illusion. Although times are objectively ordered, with every time earlier or later than every other, no time is objectively past, present or future.1 The A-theory, by contrast, says that time passes. Here I shall use the term ‘A-theory’ to include any ‘dynamic’ view of time; the term thus encompasses presentism, growing block theories and shrinking block theories as well as more traditional ‘moving spotlight’ versions of the A-theory.2 The B-theory cannot (...)
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forthcoming articles
  • Robin Barrow, Was Peters Nearly Right About Education?
    Richard Peters pioneered a form of philosophical analysis in relation to educational discourse that was criticised by some at the time and is today somewhat out of fashion. This paper argues that much of the objection to Peters' methodology is based on a misunderstanding of what it does and does not involve, that consequently philosophical analysis is often wrongly seen as one of a number of comparable alternative traditions or approaches to philosophy of education between which one needs to choose, (...)
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  • Mark E. Jonas, When Teachers Must Let Education Hurt: Rousseau and Nietzsche on Compassion and the Educational Value of Suffering.
    Avi Mintz (2008) has recently argued that Anglo-American educators have a tendency to alleviate student suffering in the classroom. According to Mintz, this tendency can be detrimental because certain kinds of suffering actually enhance student learning. While Mintz compellingly describes the effects of educator's desires to alleviate suffering in students, he does not examine one of the roots of the desire: the feeling of compassion or pity (used as synonyms here). Compassion leads many teachers to unreflectively alleviate student struggles. While (...)
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  • Jon A. Levisohn, Negotiating Historical Narratives: An Epistemology of History for History Education.
    Historians typically tell stories about the past, but how are we to understand the epistemic status of those narratives? This problem is particularly pressing for history education, which seeks guidance not only on the question of which narrative to teach but also more fundamentally on the question of the goals of instruction in history. This article explores the nature of historical narrative, first, by engaging with the seminal work of Hayden White, and second, by developing the critique of White by (...)
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  • Andrés Mejía, The General in the Particular.
    Traditionally, research has been seen as a process in which particular cases are studied in order to produce generalisations that can later be applied to other situations. This is arguably the case, for instance, of plain statistical generalisation from samples to populations, but also of grounded theory, local theory and democratic theory. Other research approaches, such as case study research and action research, have challenged this conception and have formulated a process in which transfer takes place directly from particular cases (...)
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Mar 18th 2010
From personal pages
  • Branden Fitelson, Strengthening the Case for Knowledge From Falsehood.
    1. Background: Warfield’s Examples of KFF Recently, several authors have offered examples of inferential knowledge, which is (at least prima facie) based on a falsehood. In this note, I will focus my attention on the following example, which is presented and discussed by Warfield [3, 408]: I have a 7pm meeting and extreme confidence in the accuracy of my fancy watch. Having lost track of the time and wanting to arrive on time for the meeting, I look carefully at my (...)
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  • Shaun Nichols & Brian Fiala, On the Psychological Origins of Dualism: Dual-Process Cognition and the Explanatory Gap.
    Consciousness often presents itself as a problem for materialists because no matter which physical explanation we consider, there seems to remain something about conscious experience that hasn't been fully explained. This gives rise to an apparent explanatory gap. The explanatory gulf between the physical and the conscious is reflected in the broader population, in which dualistic intuitions abound. Drawing on recent empirical evidence, this essay presents a dual-process cognitive model of consciousness attribution. This dual-process model, we suggest, provides an important (...)
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volume 26, issue 1, 2010
volume 42, issue 3, 2010
forthcoming articles
  • Rachel Cooper, Moody Minds Distempered – by Jennifer Radden.
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  • Hanna Pickard, The Mind and its Discontents (2nd Edition) – by Grant Gillett.
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  • Tom Walker, Who Do We Treat First When Resources Are Scarce?
    In a health service with limited resources we must make decisions about who to treat first. In this paper I develop a version of the restoration argument according to which those whose need for resources is a consequence of their voluntary choices should receive lower priority when it comes to health care. I then consider three possible problems for this argument based on those that have been raised against other theories of this type: that we don't know in a particular (...)
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Mar 16th 2010
User submissions
  • John Corcoran (2010). Review of Striker Translation of Aristotle's PRIOR ANALYTICS. NOTRE DAME PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEWS.
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  • Devin Henry, Aristotle's Pluralistic Realism.
    In this paper I explore Aristotle’s views on natural kinds and the compatibility of pluralism and realism, a topic that has generated considerable interest among contemporary philosophers. I argue that, when it came to zoology, Aristotle denied that there is only one way of organizing the diversity of the living world into natural kinds that will yield a single, unified system of classification. Instead, living things can be grouped and regrouped into various cross-cutting kinds on the basis of objective similarities (...)
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  • Jörg Neunhäuserer, Dynamics, Quantum Mechanics and the Indeterminism of Nature.
    We show that determinism is false assuming a realistic interpretation of quantum
    mechanics and considering the sensitive dynamics of macroscopical physical systems.
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From personal pages
  • Don N. Page, Born's Rule is Insufficient in a Large Universe.
    Probabilities in quantum theory are traditionally given by Born’s rule as the expectation values of projection operators. Here it is shown that Born’s rule is insufficient in universes so large that they contain identical multiple copies of observers, because one does not have definite projection operators to apply. Possible replacements for Born’s rule include using the expectation value of various operators that are not projection operators, or using vari-.
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forthcoming articles
  • Michael Madary, Husserl on Perceptual Constancy.
    Abstract: In philosophy, perceptual constancy refers to the puzzling phenomenon of the perception of properties of objects despite our changing experience of those properties. Husserl developed a sophisticated description of perceptual constancy. In this paper I sketch Husserl's approach, which focuses on the suggestion that perception is partly constituted by the continuous interplay of intention and fulfilment. Unlike many contemporary theories, this framework gives us a way to understand the relationship between different appearances of the same object. I will show (...)
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  • Adam C. Podlaskowski & Nicholaos J. Jones, Idealizing, Abstracting, and Semantic Dispositionalism.
    Abstract: According to certain dispositional accounts of meaning, an agent's meaning is determined by the dispositions that an idealized version of this agent has in optimal conditions. We argue that such attempts cannot properly fix meaning. For even if there is a way to determine which features of an agent should be idealized without appealing to what the agent means, there is no non-circular way to determine how those features should be idealized. We sketch an alternative dispositional account that avoids (...)
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forthcoming articles
volume 25, issue 2, 2010
  • Gergely Csibra, Recognizing Communicative Intentions in Infancy.
    I make three related proposals concerning the development of receptive communication in human infants. First, I propose that the presence of communicative intentions can be recognized in others' behaviour before the content of these intentions is accessed or inferred. Second, I claim that such recognition can be achieved by decoding specialized ostensive signals. Third, I argue on empirical bases that, by decoding ostensive signals, human infants are capable of recognizing communicative intentions addressed to them. Thus, learning about actual modes of (...)
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  • Steven Gross, Origins of Human Communication - by Michael Tomasello.
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  • Michael Luntley, Expectations Without Content.
    In this paper I show how the way experience presents things to us can be treated without attributing a representational content to experience. The basic claim that experience can present us with more things than the range of things available to us in thought is neutral with respect to the choice between a content account of experience and a naïve content-free account. I show how Meyer's theory of expectations in accounting for our experience of music supports the naïve account. Expectations (...)
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  • Catherine Wearing, Autism, Metaphor and Relevance Theory.
    The pattern of impairments exhibited by some individuals on the autism spectrum appears to challenge the relevance-theoretic account of metaphor ( Carston, 1996, 2002 ; Sperber and Wilson, 2002 ; Sperber and Wilson, 2008 ). A subset of people on the autism spectrum have near-normal syntactic, phonological, and semantic abilities while having severe difficulties with the interpretation of metaphor, irony, conversational implicature, and other pragmatic phenomena. However, Relevance Theory treats metaphor as importantly unlike phenomena such as conversational implicature or irony (...)
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volume 80, issue 2, 2010
volume 5, issue 3, 2010
  • Rob Gressis, Recent Work on Kantian Maxims I: Established Approaches.
    Maxims play a crucial role in Kant's ethical philosophy, but there is significant disagreement about what maxims are. In this two-part essay, I survey eight different views of Kantian maxims, presenting their strengths, and their weaknesses. Part I: Established Approaches, begins with Rüdiger Bubner's view that Kant took maxims to be what ordinary people of today take them to be, namely pithily expressed precepts of morality or prudence. Next comes the position, most associated with Rüdiger Bittner and Otfried Höffe, that (...)
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