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  1. Morality, consumerism and the internal market in health care.T. Sorell - 1997 - Journal of Medical Ethics 23 (2):71-76.
    Unlike the managerially oriented reforms that have brought auditing and accounting into such prominence in the UK National Health Service (NHS), and which seem alien to the culture of the caring professions, consumerist reforms may seem to complement moves towards the acceptance of wide definitions of health, and towards increasing patient autonomy. The empowerment favoured by those who support patient autonomy sounds like the sort of empowerment that is sometimes associated with the patient's charter. For this reason moral criticism of (...)
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  • The gift of blood in Europe: an ethical defence of EC directive 89/381.J. Keown - 1997 - Journal of Medical Ethics 23 (2):96-100.
    Article 3.4 of EC directive 89/381 requires member states to take "all necessary measures to promote Community self-sufficiency in human blood or human plasma" and, for this purpose, to "encourage the voluntary unpaid donation of blood and plasma". This paper presents an ethical case in support of the policy of voluntary, unpaid donation.
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