This article deals with a modern disease of academic science that consists of an enormous increase in the number of scientific publications without a corresponding advance of knowledge. Findings are sliced as thin as salami and submitted to different journals to produce more papers. If we consider academic papers as a kind of scientific ‘currency’ that is backed by gold bullion in the central bank of ‘true’ science, then we are witnessing an article-inflation phenomenon, a scientometric bubble that is most (...) harmful for science and promotes an unethical and antiscientific culture among researchers. The main problem behind the scenes is that the impact factor is used as a proxy for quality. Therefore, not only for convenience, but also based on ethical principles of scientific research, we adhere to the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment when it emphasizes “the need to eliminate the use of journal-based metrics in funding, appointment and promotion considerations; and the need to assess research on its own merits rather on the journal in which the research is published”. Our message is mainly addressed to the funding agencies and universities that award tenures or grants and manage research programmes, especially in developing countries. The message is also addressed to well-established scientists who have the power to change things when they participate in committees for grants and jobs. (shrink)

Among the various contemporary schools of moral thinking, consequence-based ethics, as opposed to rule-based, seems to have a good acceptance among professionals such as software engineers. But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too weak to serve as a practical guide in the profession. Besides, the complexity of software systems makes it very hard to know in advance the consequences that will derive from professional activities in the production of software. Therefore, following the spirit of well-known codes of ethics such as the (...) ACM/IEEE’s, we advocate for a more solid position in the ethical education of software engineers, which we call ‘moderate deontologism’, that takes into account both rules and consequences to assess the goodness of actions, and at the same time pays an adequate consideration to the absolute values of human dignity. In order to educate responsible professionals, however, this position should be complemented with a pedagogical approach to virtue ethics. (shrink)

De acuerdo con la ley israelí los hijos de trabajadores extranjerossin visa de trabajo no gozan de estatus civil, con todo lo queesto implica. A principio de los 2000, el Gobierno israelí amenazó condeportar a todos los trabajadores sin visa de trabajo y a sus familias.Esta decisión llevó a la sociedad civil israelí y a las ONG a demandarque el gobierno israelí otorgara estatus civil a los hijos de trabajadoresextranjeros. Después de una ardua lucha el Gobierno decidió en el 2006y (...) 2010 de forma excepcional otorgar estatus civil a los hijos de trabajadoresextranjeros y a sus familias, alrededor de 500 niños y jóvenes deorigen latinoamericano. Tras esta decisión, el presente estudio exploracómo se han construido y reconstruido las experiencias de vida de estosniños desde el inicio de su nuevo estatus civil. La metodología combinamétodos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos. Según loshallazgos, estos niños revelan un alto grado de pertenencia a la sociedadisraelí y se definen a sí mismos como israelíes. Se sienten integrados enla sociedad israelí y tienen buenas expectativas de su futuro en Israel. (shrink)

The Man is a relational being influenced by the environment and by others. A relationship that can be positive since it allows dialogue, fraternity, affection and care or negative, because it can generate overprotection, destruction and even violence. In this sense, in this work we will delve into the understanding of precisely what is different. For this, we will focus on the case of rare diseases and the mechanisms to minimize the exclusion processes suffered by this group of people, the (...) relationship with medical professionals and aspects related to the world of work, among others. A series of aspects that, due to the low prevalence of these diseases, are little studied so that progress in the knowledge of these diseases is greatly reduced. All this entails serious consequences for the people affected, finding themselves unprotected in areas such as social and labor. (shrink)

Se evaluó la autorregulación en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en una licenciatura en psicología en línea. Se adaptó y aplicó el Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje y Orientación Motivacional de Castañeda y Ortega a una muestra de 204 estudiantes encontrando que la edad se relaciona con la eficacia percibida, la aprobación externa y el manejo de materiales de estudio. Palabras clave: autorregulación, educación en línea, educación superior, estrategias de aprendizaje, motivación.

Escribir sobre Gloria Fuertes (1918-1998) es hacerlo de la infancia de un buen grupo de españoles quienes recordamos a esta poeta con alegría y agradecimiento porque ella fue la primera en abrirnos las puertas a la literatura y a la alegría de vivir. Gloria Fuertes no nos hablaba ni de ogros ni de brujas ni de niños malos, sino de animales curiosos, de aventuras estrambóticas, de la bondad, de la paz y de la dignidad humana. Mucho debemos a gloria Fuertes (...) los cuarentones y cuarentonas de ahora. No obstante, con ella se cometió una injusticia: se la arrinconó de los círculos más intelectuales, más de elite por considerarla poca cosa, porque se le achacaba un descuido en el estilo, una facilidad en las rimas, una claridad que, para algunos, no debe tener la poesía. (shrink)

La literatura juvenil y la comida se interrelacionan frecuentemente. Así, todos sabemos qué es una comida "pantagruélica" o recordamos la ceremonia del té en casa del sombrerero loco de Alicia y podemos identificar al personaje glotón y distinguirlo del sibarita por ejemplo. Alrededor de una buena mesa se pueden fraguar conspiraciones y motines.

Escribir acerca de la muerte en la literatura trata de responder a una de las preguntas que, desde siempre, se ha hecho el hombre de cualquier cultura, época o creencia. Vida y muerte son las dos caras de la misma moneda y no podemos ignorar que todo lo que nace acaba pereciendo. El Oráculo en La llamada de los muertos, de Laura Gallego, nos recuerda que la vida por sí misma no es nada, si no va acompañada por la muerte, (...) su compañera: "No comprendes que cada cosa tiene su tiempo y su edad, y que si bien la vida es algo maravilloso, también la muerte es necesaria para toda criatura" (pág. 31). En El coleccionista de relojes extraordinarios es la propia muerte quien le da este consejo a Jonathan Hadley: "Limítate a vivir, eses es tu trabajo. Cuando llegue tu hora, yo vendré a buscarte. Ese es mi trabajo. Nos veremos entonces�" Jonathan Hadley (pág. 154). Y es que no se puede huir de la Muerte por mucho que nos empeñemos. (shrink)

El bebé desde que nace, presenta unas necesidades y unas habilidades que quienes están a su cargo han de fomentar y fortalecer. La salud física es fundamental, por supuesto, pero no podemos olvidar la salud afectiva y la salud emocional que permite crear un vínculo entre los bebés y sus cuidadores. Uno de estos aspectos es la lectura.

Celso de Souza Machado publicou, em 1987, um artigo intitulado “O ensino da Sociologia na escola secundária brasileira: levantamento preliminar”, escrito quando ainda era aluno do curso de graduação em Ciências Sociais da USP. Esse artigo se tornou referência na área e talvez seja a primeira iniciativa de trabalho científico de que se tem conhecimento sobre o ensino de sociologia no Brasil. Nesta entrevista, o autor relembra o processo de elaboração dessa pesquisa que ganhou projeção por remontar a trajetória histórica (...) da sociologia na educação básica. Além disso, ele recupera a discussão sobre o ensino de sociologia na década de 1980, momento em que o retorno gradual dessa disciplina às escolas pedia um debate sobre programas de ensino, conteúdos e materiais didáticos, do qual Celso Machado participou ativamente. A entrevista foi concedida a Anita Handfas e Alexandre Fraga. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar la utilidad de los problemas de reparto para el aprendizaje de las fracciones. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuasi-experimental; los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario y una entrevista. Los resultados de la investigación demostraron que los problemas de reparto son una estrategia útil para mejorar el aprendizaje de las fracciones. Palabras clave: Fracciones, problemas de reparto, enseñanza de las matemáticas.

The Handbook of Computational Social Science is a comprehensive reference source for scholars across multiple disciplines. It outlines key debates in the field, showcasing novel statistical modeling and machine learning methods, and draws from specific case studies to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges in CSS approaches. The Handbook is divided into two volumes written by outstanding, internationally renowned scholars in the field. This first volume focuses on the scope of computational social science, ethics, and case studies. It covers a range (...) of key issues, including open science, formal modeling, and the social and behavioral sciences. This volume explores major debates, introduces digital trace data, reviews the changing survey landscape, and presents novel examples of computational social science research on sensing social interaction, social robots, bots, sentiment, manipulation, and extremism in social media. The volume not only makes major contributions to the consolidation of this growing research field, but also encourages growth into new directions. With its broad coverage of perspectives (theoretical, methodological, computational), international scope, and interdisciplinary approach, this important resource is integral reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers engaging with computational methods across the social sciences, as well as those within the scientific and engineering sectors. (shrink)

Em trabalhos anteriores, analisamos as formas pelas quais a sociologia vem sendo cobrada nos vestibulares de algumas universidades em diferentes regiões brasileiras e no ENEM. Além do entendimento de que formas são essas, uma das conclusões a que chegamos foi a de que, no ENEM, dificilmente há o acionamento de conhecimento sociológico prévio para a resolução da prova. Entendemos que, por mais que a cobrança na redação e de modo interdisciplinar traga algum reconhecimento ao saber sociológico, a construção de questões (...) que possam ir além da interpretação de texto é fundamental para a consolidação da sociologia no exame. Sendo assim, como continuidade de nossa reflexão, objetivamos, no presente trabalho, discutir, afinal, o que é esse conhecimento prévio, que pode ser entendido como conceitos, temas e teorias sociológicos. Mas quais são eles e como são cobrados na prática? Como sabemos, não há uma definição nacional dos conteúdos da sociologia, mas algumas propostas estaduais. Analisaremos quais são, segundo os editais das universidades, as matérias de sociologia presentes em alguns vestibulares, se é possível chegar a um mapa comum e se esse mapa é compatível ou não com os currículos mínimos estaduais. Para isso, analisaremos editais dos vestibulares em que a sociologia está presente e do ENEM. (shrink)

International relations are made up of thick layers of meaning and big streams of data. How can we capture the nuances and scales of increasingly digitalised world politics, taking advantage of the possibilities that come with ‘big data’ and ‘digital methods’ in our discipline of International Relations? What is needed, we argue, is a methodological twin-move of making big data thick and thick data big. Taking diplomacy, one of IR's core practices as our case, we illustrate how anthropological and computational (...) approaches can be merged in IR research. We report from our experiences with the project DIPLOFACE: Diplomatic Face-Work between Confidential Negotiations and Public Display, investigating how digital communication technologies influence both the study and conduct of age-old and traditionally analogue practices of inter-state diplomacy. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se analizan los conceptos hegelianos de sociedad civil y Estado, ámbitos donde el hombre —burgués y ciudadano— desarrolla los diversos aspectos de su singularidad y su vocación por lo universal. Se tratará de ahondar en la vertiente ética que abarca la vida del hombre como individuo y como ciudadano, y que, dadas las condiciones del mundo moderno, participa de la vida típica de un sujeto que goza de su libertad esencial y originaria en dos esferas complementarias, (...) a la vez que necesarias, para poder desenvolver su libertad en plenitud: las actividades que como particular lleva a cabo en la “sociedad civil” y las que también ejerce como un sujeto comunitario, dotado de capacidades éticas, con participación en la vida política de su Estado. (shrink)

Number processing abilities are important for academic and personal development. The course of initial specialization of ventral occipito-temporal cortex sensitivity to visual number processing is crucial for the acquisition of numeric and arithmetic skills. We examined the visual N1, the electrophysiological correlate of vOTC activation across five time points in kindergarten, middle and end of first grade, second grade, and fifth grade. A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal EEG data of a total of 62 children at varying familial risk for (...) dyslexia were available to form groups of 23, 22, 27, 27, and 42 participants for each of the five time points. The children performed a target detection task which included visual presentation of single digits, false fonts, and letters to derive measures for coarse and fine digit sensitive processing across development. The N1 amplitude analyses indicated coarse and fine sensitivity characterized by a stronger N1 to digits than false fonts across all five time points, and stronger N1 to digits than letters at all but the second time point. In addition, lower arithmetic skills were associated with stronger coarse N1 digit sensitivity over the left hemisphere in second grade, possibly reflecting allocation of more attentional resources or stronger reliance on the verbal system in children with poorer arithmetic skills. To summarize, our results show persistent visual N1 sensitivity to digits that is already present early on in pre-school and remains stable until fifth grade. This pattern of digit sensitivity development clearly differs from the relatively sharp rise and fall of the visual N1 sensitivity to words or letters between kindergarten and middle of elementary school and suggests unique developmental trajectories for visual processing of written characters that are relevant to numeracy and literacy. (shrink)

Desde os anos 1960, muitos educadores populares atuaram no Brasil com “objetivos políticos”, buscando construir uma hegemonia popular alcançada “antes de conquistar o poder governamental”. Pretende-se pesquisar a contribuição dessa síntese fecunda entre educação e política nos movimentos populares para o declínio do regime autoritário e para o fortalecimento de um projeto popular de democracia, que disputou a hegemonia política nos anos 1978-1989, bem como analisar os desdobramentos, limites e possibilidades atuais desse projeto, através da consulta a documentos e fontes (...) bibliográficas, além de entrevistas. (shrink)

La concepción legalista de la justicia es una doctrina originada en la filosofía política de Hobbes. Para el filósofo inglés, son justos los actos que se conforman a la ley, e injustos lo contrario; lo único que se tiene en cuenta es el hecho del cumplimiento, y no la naturaleza y el fin del deber. Además, en la noción hobbesiana de equidad hay un aspecto fuertemente convencional, ya que el deber del soberano de obrar equitativamente se constituye en un motivo (...) fundamental del pacto acordado. (shrink)

Resumen: En el presente ensayo nos apoyaremos en algunos escritos fundamentales de Talcott Parsons, especialmente en lo referente a su disputa epistemológica contra el empirismo, para luego mostrar sus propias inconsistencias e ir más allá de él en la propuesta de una forma novedosa de trabajo teórico para las ciencias sociales: la teorización sistemática dinámico-estructuralista, como distinta a la teoría sistémica funcional-estructural. La idea principal es trascender las posturas representacionalistas y antiteoricistas en pos de miradas teóricas abiertas a la crítica (...) y la autocrítica. Así, frente a una mirada que confunde distintas dimensiones del continuo empírico-metafísico sin otorgarles su relativa autonomía analítica, que a nivel teórico-social y de modelos de la sociedad piensa en términos funcionales y sistémicos, que considera que cada uno de sus conceptos refiere de manera cabal a dicho mundo social y que cree que es factible la construcción de teorías acabadas, nuestra mirada busca distinguir dimensiones, complementar tradiciones plurales, y mantenerse siempre abierta a la crítica externa y la autocrítica.: In this essay we will rely on some of the key writings of Talcott Parsons, especially with regards to his epistemological dispute against empiricism, to show his own inconsistencies and go beyond him in proposing a new form of theoretical work for the social sciences: systematic and dynamic-structuralist theorizing, as distinct from functional-structural systemic theory. The main idea is to transcend the representationalist and anti-theoretical positions in favour of a view of theory open to criticism and self-criticism. In this way, and against those outlooks that confuse the different dimensions of the empirical-metaphysical continuum without giving them their relative analytic autonomy, that think in terms of functions and systems when talking about models of society, that consider each concept to be a representation of the social world, and that believe theories can be closed for good, our own outlook seeks to distinguish dimensions, complement plural traditions, and stay open to external critique and self-criticism. (shrink)

‘Thinking liquid thoughts’ is an essay aiming at the aggregation of ideas and concepts which emerge and float when enquiring if there are characteristics related with the research of fields that artists could explore as new poetic venues for further works. Nanosciences and nanotechnologies will affect almost all features of everybody’s lives in the near future. What are the issues, either desirable or undesirable, we should try to point to considering the specific view related with art, architecture and design. We (...) also have to ask, which are the skills and tools that artists, architects and designers will need for developing research and creating work in these new fields. Opening with the idea of thinking liquid thoughts the essay also speculates about the possibility of creating interactive responsive works of art, extremely sensitive, exploring poetic possibilities for the creation of material products aiming a bi-univocal relationship between the computer simulation and the material realm. There is also research related with educational games and the programming of poetic journeys using virtual reality technologies, pointing to the convergence of silicon with carbon, which will bring about deep implications in the mode of production of things, thoughts ands processes.modelling, animation and VRML, Java Script and Java 3D languages. (shrink)

This article presents and reflects upon artistic artworks at the intersection of virtual and physical computer systems with wet (biological) systems, in reference to Roy Ascott’s ‘moist theory’. It is divided into two sections. The first section offers contextualization by pointing to Darcy Ribeiro’s considerations of differentiations among Brazilians, thus leading to an expectation of miscegenation that assimilates and incorporates races and beliefs in a syncretic way. To this background is added a theoretical framework based on semiotics entwined with mathematics (...) and physics from a set of authors. Both aspects are intertwined with visceral sensations and feelings which emerged from immersible field researches. Glimpses of the 1997 Xingu expedition are introduced as an example of such immersible field research to unveil aspects related with moist theory. The second section presents four case studies that illustrate all of the concepts previously mentioned. Here, syncretism is understood as a field for events that engender the artworks. These artworks are created as metaphorical journeys aimed at expressing potential shamantic experiences and configured as a set of symbiotic systems. Two of these artworks explore neural connections; their research involves computer devices that allow human interferences in the behaviours of autonomous agents in virtual reality simulations. The resultant systems are artificially alive organisms in flux with the rhythms of the autonomous programmed processes; these change each time they run within the computer, allowing the user to symbiotically interfere in the algorithmic nature of artificial ‘seeds’. These poetic realms are metaphors of the flow of life itself. Summing up, they are technoetic artworks that could only arise from the Brazilian melting pot of cultural, racial and theoretical mixtures. (shrink)